José Domingo de la Merced de La Mar y Cortázar was a Peruvian military leader and politician who served as the third President of Peru.
The Battle of Ayacucho was a decisive military encounter during the Peruvian War of Independence. This battle secured the independence of Peru and ensured independence for the rest of South America. In Peru it is considered the end of the Spanish American wars of independence in this country, although the campaign of Antonio José de Sucre continued through 1825 in Upper Peru and the siege of the fortresses Chiloé and Callao eventually ended in 1826.
The Peruvian War of Independence was a series of military conflicts in Peru from 1809 to 1826 that resulted in the country's independence from the Spanish Empire. Part of the broader Spanish American wars of independence, it led to the dissolution of the Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru.
The Real Audiencia of Quito was an administrative unit in the Spanish Empire which had political, military, and religious jurisdiction over territories that today include Ecuador, parts of northern Peru, parts of southern Colombia and parts of northern Brazil. It was created by Royal Decree on 29 August 1563 by Philip II of Spain in the city of Guadalajara. It ended in 1822 with the incorporation of the area into the Republic of Gran Colombia.
The Protectorate of Peru, also known as the Protectorate of San Martín, was a protectorate created in 1821 in present-day Peru after its declaration of independence from the Spanish Empire. The protectorate existed for one year and 17 days under the rule of José de San Martín and Argentina.
The Intendancy of Arequipa, also known informally as Arequipa Province, was one of the territorial divisions of the Viceroyalty of Peru, ruled from the city of Arequipa and under the jurisdiction of the Bishopric of Arequipa. It existed from 1784 to 1824, receiving the news of the result of the Battle of Ayacucho in late December of the same year.
The Intendancy of Cuzco, also known informally as Cuzco Province, was one of the territorial divisions of the Viceroyalty of Peru, ruled from the city of Cuzco and under the jurisdiction of the Bishopric of Cuzco.
The Intendancy of Huancavelica, also known informally as Huancavelica Province, was one of the territorial divisions of the Viceroyalty of Peru. The territory was ruled from Huancavelica. It existed from 1784 to 1822.
The Intendancy of Tarma, also known informally as Tarma Province, was one of the territorial divisions of the Viceroyalty of Peru. The territory was ruled from Tarma. It existed from its creation in 1784 until it was replaced by the departments of Tarma and Huaylas on February 12, 1821.
The Intendancy of Puno, also known informally as Puno Province, was one of the territorial divisions of the Spanish Empire in the Altiplano region, initially as part of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata and later of the Viceroyalty of Peru. The territory was ruled from San Carlos de Puno.
