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Henri Jean Pascal Gastaut was a French neurologist and epileptologist.
Clobazam, sold under the brand name Frisium among others, is a benzodiazepine class medication that was patented in 1968. Clobazam was first synthesized in 1966 and first published in 1969. Clobazam was originally marketed as an anxioselective anxiolytic since 1970, and an anticonvulsant since 1984. The primary drug-development goal was to provide greater anxiolytic, anti-obsessive efficacy with fewer benzodiazepine-related side effects.
Non-epileptic seizures (NES), also known as non-epileptic events, are paroxysmal events that appear similar to an epileptic seizure but do not involve abnormal, rhythmic discharges of neurons in the brain. Symptoms may include shaking, loss of consciousness, and loss of bladder control.
Epileptic spasms, is an uncommon-to-rare epileptic disorder in infants, children and adults. It is named after the English physician, William James West (1793–1848), who first described it in an article published in The Lancet in 1841. The original case actually described his own son, James Edwin West (1840–1860). Other names for it are "generalized flexion epilepsy", "infantile epileptic encephalopathy", "infantile myoclonic encephalopathy", "jackknife convulsions", "massive myoclonia" and "Salaam spasms". The term "infantile spasms" can be used to describe the specific seizure manifestation in the syndrome, but is also used as a synonym for the syndrome itself. West syndrome in modern usage is the triad of infantile spasms, a pathognomonic EEG pattern, and developmental regression – although the international definition requires only two out of these three elements.
William Gordon Lennox (1884–1960) was an American neurologist and epileptologist who was a pioneer in the use of electroencephalography (EEG) for the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy. He graduated from Colorado College and Harvard Medical School.
Seizure types most commonly follow the classification proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) in 1981. These classifications have been updated in 2017. Distinguishing between seizure types is important since different types of seizure may have different causes, outcomes and treatments.
Paramethadione is an anticonvulsant in the oxazolidinedione class developed by the Illinois-based pharmaceutical company Abbott Laboratories, and approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1949 for the treatment of absence seizures, also called partial seizures.
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), also known as Janz syndrome, is a fairly common form of generalized epilepsy of presumed genetic origin, representing 5-10% of all epilepsy cases. This disorder typically first manifests itself between the ages of 12 and 18 with sudden brief involuntary single or multiple episodes of muscle(s) contractions caused by an abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. These events typically occur either early in the morning or upon sleep deprivation.
Jean Aicardi was a French pediatric neurologist and epileptologist. He was known as one of the most distinguished and respected neuropediatricians of his time. He, along with Alexis Arzimanoglou, created the journal Epileptic Disorders in 1999.
Fritz E. Dreifuss, MD was a German-born, New Zealand-educated, American neurologist and subspecialist in epilepsy based at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, Virginia, US.
Epileptic Disorders is a peer-reviewed medical journal focusing on high-quality scientific and educational content related to all aspects of epilepsy including its diagnosis, natural history, and management. The current editor-in-chief is Sandor Beniczky and it is published by John Libbey Eurotext. As of 2020, the impact factor of the journal is 2.210. In 2013, Epileptic Disorders became the official educational journal of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE).
Albutoin is an anticonvulsant. It was marketed in Europe as CO-ORD and Euprax by Baxter Laboratories. It was evaluated by the United States Food and Drug Administration, but not approved.
Epilepsia is a peer-reviewed medical journal focusing on all aspects of epilepsy. The journal was established in 1909. It is the official journal of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE),
Chrysostomos (Tomis) P. Panayiotopoulos FRCP was a Greek neurologist in the field of the epilepsies. Panayiotopoulos syndrome is named after him.
William Philip Spratling was an American neurologist known for his advances in the treatment and study of epilepsy; he is often described as the first American epileptologist – a word he is credited with having coined in his 1904 work Epilepsy and Its Treatment.
Early myoclonic encephalopathy (EME) is an epilepsy syndrome where myoclonic seizures develop in the neonatal period. After several months, the seizure pattern may develop to infantile spasms. Various genetic and metabolic disorders are responsible. The seizures are resistant to treatment. The neurology is very abnormal and patients often do not live beyond one year.
Benign familial infantile epilepsy (BFIE) is an epilepsy syndrome. Affected children, who have no other health or developmental problems, develop seizures during infancy. These seizures have focal origin within the brain but may then spread to become generalised seizures. The seizures may occur several times a day, often grouped in clusters over one to three days followed by a gap of one to three months. Treatment with anticonvulsant drugs is not necessary but they are often prescribed and are effective at controlling the seizures. This form of epilepsy resolves after one or two years, and appears to be completely benign. The EEG of these children, between seizures, is normal. The brain appears normal on MRI scan.
Benign infantile epilepsy (BIE), also known as benign infantile seizures (BIS), is an epilepsy syndrome of which several forms have been described. The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classify two main forms of the syndrome though several other forms have been described in the academic literature. Affected children, who have no other health or developmental problems, develop seizures during infancy. These seizures have focal origin within the brain but may then spread to become generalised seizures. The seizures may occur several times a day, often grouped in clusters over one to three days followed by a gap of one to three months. Treatment with anticonvulsant drugs is not necessary but they are often prescribed and are effective at controlling the seizures. This form of epilepsy resolves after one or two years, and appears to be completely benign. The EEG of these children, between seizures, is normal. The brain appears normal on MRI scan.
The International Bureau for Epilepsy is a non-for-profit started in 1961. Its members are from both the lay public and a professional background. It is global in scope. The organization often collaborates with the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) to increase understanding about epilepsy.
Wolfgang Löscher is a Professor in the Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy at the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany and also a member of the National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina.
References
- 1 2 "Epilepsy.org" . Retrieved 18 December 2013.
- ↑ "ILAE Journal - Epilepsia". www.ilae.org. Retrieved 2 January 2017.
