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Formation | August 29th, 1973 |
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Website | http://www.isbweb.org/ |
The International Society of Biomechanics, commonly known as the ISB, is a society dedicated to promoting biomechanics in its various forms. It promotes the study of all areas of biomechanics at the international level, although special emphasis is given to the biomechanics of human movement. The Society encourages international contacts amongst scientists, promotes the dissemination of knowledge, and forms liaisons with national organizations. The Society's membership includes scientists from a variety of disciplines including anatomy, physiology, engineering (mechanical, industrial aerospace, etc.), orthopedics, rehabilitation medicine, sport science and medicine, ergonomics, electro-physiological kinesiology and others.
The decision to establish the society was made at the 3rd International Seminar on Biomechanics held in Rome in 1971. This meeting was organized by the “Working Group on Biomechanics” which was part of the International Council of Sport and Physical Education, which itself was part of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). At this meeting on September 29 it was voted to form the ISB at the next meeting. The 4th International Seminar on Biomechanics was held at Penn State University from August 26 until August 31, 1973. The constitution was voted on and approved on August 29. [1] Two hundred and fifty of those present became charter members of the society.
The ISB is governed by its Executive Council. This council is elected every two years, by ballot, and is composed of officers and council members that represent countries from throughout the world and scientific areas that span all facets of biomechanics. The council, which meets annually, provides leadership for the continued development of the Society. Many on-going activities are performed by Council appointed sub-committees. The council also publishes a quarterly newsletter, known as ISB NOW, to inform members of Society developments and future events. [2]
The ISB was formed in 1973 and has held a conference every other year since then. The counting of the congress started with the 1st International Seminar on Biomechanics held in Zurich in 1967. The list of conferences and their geographical locations are given below. [3]
Conference Number | Year | Location |
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I | 1967 | Zurich, Switzerland |
II | 1969 | Eindhoven, Netherlands |
III | 1971 | Rome, Italy |
IV | 1973 | State College, USA |
V | 1975 | Jyvaskyla, Finland |
VI | 1977 | Copenhagen, Denmark |
VII | 1979 | Warsaw, Poland |
VIII | 1981 | Nagoya, Japan |
IX | 1983 | Waterloo, Canada |
X | 1985 | Umea, Sweden |
XI | 1987 | Amsterdam, Netherlands |
XII | 1989 | Los Angeles, USA |
XIII | 1991 | Perth, Australia |
XIV | 1993 | Paris, France |
XV | 1995 | Jyvaskyla, Finland |
XVI | 1997 | Tokyo, Japan |
XVII | 1999 | Calgary, Canada |
XVIII | 2001 | Zurich, Switzerland |
XIX | 2003 | Dunedin, New Zealand |
XX | 2005 | Cleveland, USA |
XXI | 2007 | Taipei, Taiwan |
XXII | 2009 | Cape Town, South Africa |
XXIII | 2011 | Brussels, Belgium |
XXIV | 2013 | Natal, Brazil |
XXV | 2015 | Glasgow, Scotland |
XXVI | 2017 | Brisbane, Australia |
XXVII | 2019 | Calgary, Canada |
XXVIII | 2021 | Stockholm, Sweden (virtual) |
XXIX | 2023 | Fukuoka, Japan |
At each ISB Congress the Wartenweiler Memorial Lecture is presented. This lecture is named to honor Jurg Wartenweiler (1915-1976) who was the first president of the ISB. He organized The First International Seminar on Biomechanics in Zürich, Switzerland in 1967. This conference eventually morphed into the biennial ISB Congresses. He was a faculty member at the ETH Zürich. Typically this lecture has been the first academic presentation of the conference. The list of Wartenweiler Memorial Lecturers and their topics follow. [4]
Year | Speaker | Topic |
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1977 | Giovanni A. Cavagna | Efficiency and inefficiency of locomotion. |
1979 | Marion Weiss | Tasks and needs of rehabilitation engineering. |
1981 | Phillip D. Gollnick | Muscle characteristics and biomechanics. |
1983 | Uros Stanic | Movement and electrical stimulation. |
1985 | Don B. Chaffin | Computerized models for occupational biomechanics. |
1987 | Savio Woo | Advances in ligament research. |
1989 | Benno Nigg | Approaches to load analysis for reduction of sports injuries. |
1991 | James G. Hay | Biomechanics of long jumping. |
1993 | Carlo A. De Luca | Limitations of EMG in biomechanics research. |
1995 | David A. Winter | Biokinetics: The synergies of human movement. |
1997 | V. Reggie Edgerton | Force transmissions in mammalian skeletal muscles. |
1999 | Andrew Huxley | Crossbridge action: Present views, prospects & unknowns. |
2001 | Richard C. Nelson | The history of ISB. |
2003 | Steven Vogel | Twist versus bend: Flexibility in the face of flow. |
2005 | Bruce Latimer | Biomechanics and evolution. |
2007 | Kai-Nan An | Application of medical imaging in biomechanics. |
2009 | Patrick Prendergast | Mechanoregulation in the skeletal tissues. |
2011 | Jan Pieter Clarys | The schizophrenic balance of old techniques and new technologies in body composition and their (assumed) support in biomechanics, ergonomics and health care. |
2013 | Miguel Nicolelis | Brain machine interfaces to restore mobility. |
2015 | Aurelio Cappozzo | History of Biomechanics |
2017 | Jaap Van Dieen | Trunk stabilization, adaptations to environment, task and pain |
2019 | Hugh Herr | On the design of bionic leg devices: the science of tissue-synthetic interface |
2021 | Susan S. Margulies | Bridging the species gap: Scaling traumatic brain injury loads and assessments across species to accelerate prevention and diagnosis |
2023 | Julie Steele | Pioneering Women of ISB: Tales from the Archives and Beyond |
At the ISB Congress every two years, the ISB presents the Muybridge Award. This award is the most prestigious award of the Society and is awarded for career achievements in biomechanics. The award is named after Eadward Muybridge (1830-1904), who was one of the first to use cinematography for the study of human and animal movement. The list of Muybridge Award winners and their lecture topics follow, [5]
Year | Speaker | Topic |
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1987 | Peter R. Cavanagh | Studies in the biomechanics of distance running and plantar pressure distribution. |
1989 | Gunnar Andersson | Spine biomechanics. |
1991 | R. McNeil Alexander | Optimization of structure and movement of the legs of animals. |
1993 | Malcolm H. Pope | Spinal biomechanics. |
1995 | Savio L-Y. Woo | Biomechanics of knee ligament healing, repair and reconstruction. |
1997 | John Paul | Strength requirements for internal and external prostheses. |
1999 | Paavo Komi | Stretch-shortening cycle: a powerful model to study normal and fatigued muscle. |
2001 | David Winter | Gait and balance - from the micro to the macro. |
2003 | Tetsuo Fukunaga | Effects of elastic properties of muscle-tendon complex on sports performances. |
2005 | Rik Huiskes | Bone: The engineer's ultimate dream material |
2007 | Peter Huijing | Epimuscular myofascial force transmission: a historical review and implications for new research. |
2009 | Mimi Koehl | Effects of ambient wind or water flow on locomotion. |
2011 | Roger Enoka | Muscle fatigue – from motor units to clinical symptoms |
2013 | Benno Nigg | From biomechanik to biomechanics to biomechanigg |
2015 | Kai-Nan An | Biomechanics of Upper Extremities |
2017 | Walter Herzog | Reflections on Muscle: or the Accidental Scientist |
2019 | Ralph Müller | From mechanics to mechanomics: a journey through bone |
2021 | Scott Delp | How Muybridge predicted the future of biomechanics and what the 21st century holds |
2023 | Irene S. Davis | Born to Move: Embracing our Evolutionary Legacy |
The ISB has a number of categories of membership including: student, charter, full, and emeritus. The remaining category is that of honorary member, which is restricted to a few individuals whose work has made outstanding contributions to the development of Biomechanics. The honorary membership currently consists of 16 individuals. Unfortunately some of these members have died (Levan Chkhaidze, James Hay, Ernst Jokl, Chauncey Morehouse, John Paul, Jacquelin Perry, David Winter). The other honorary members and their current academic affiliations are, [6]
Many other biomechanics groups and societies are affiliate members of the ISB. These groups include: [7]
The Society also supports technical and working groups, which are groups of individuals dedicated to enhancing knowledge of specialized areas within biomechanics. Currently active technical sections include, [8]
A fellow is a concept whose exact meaning depends on context. In learned or professional societies, it refers to a privileged member who is specially elected in recognition of their work and achievements. Within the context of higher educational institutions, a fellow can be a member of a highly ranked group of teachers at a particular college or university or a member of the governing body in some universities; it can also be a specially selected postgraduate student who has been appointed to a post granting a stipend, research facilities and other privileges for a fixed period in order to undertake some advanced study or research, often in return for teaching services. In the context of research and development-intensive large companies or corporations, the title "fellow" is sometimes given to a small number of senior scientists and engineers. In the context of medical education in North America, a fellow is a physician who is undergoing a supervised, sub-specialty medical training (fellowship) after having completed a specialty training program (residency).
The Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) is a learned society in the United Kingdom with the goal of "advancing the chemical sciences". It was formed in 1980 from the amalgamation of the Chemical Society, the Royal Institute of Chemistry, the Faraday Society, and the Society for Analytical Chemistry with a new Royal Charter and the dual role of learned society and professional body. At its inception, the Society had a combined membership of 34,000 in the UK and a further 8,000 abroad.
Efim Isaakovich Zelmanov is a Russian-American mathematician, known for his work on combinatorial problems in nonassociative algebra and group theory, including his solution of the restricted Burnside problem. He was awarded a Fields Medal at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Zürich in 1994.
The Society of Chemical Industry (SCI) is a learned society set up in 1881 "to further the application of chemistry and related sciences for the public benefit".
Margaret Olwen MacMillan, is a Canadian historian and professor at the University of Oxford. She is former provost of Trinity College, Toronto, and professor of history at the University of Toronto and previously at Ryerson University. MacMillan is an expert on the history of international relations.
Jacek M. Zurada is a Polish engineer who serves as a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at the University of Louisville, Kentucky. His M.S. and Ph.D. degrees are from Politechnika Gdaṅska ranked as #1 among Polish universities of technology. He has held visiting appointments at Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Princeton, Northeastern, Auburn, and at overseas universities in Australia, Chile, China, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Japan, Poland, Singapore, Spain, and South Africa. He is a Life Fellow of IEEE and a Fellow of International Neural Networks Society and Doctor Honoris Causa of Czestochowa Institute of Technology, Poland.
The International Council of Design is an international organisation representing the professions of design. The Council was founded in London in 1963 and celebrated its 50th anniversary on 27 April 2013. It is a non-profit, non-partisan, "member-based network of independent organisations and stakeholders working within the multidisciplinary scope of design."
Jean-Marie De Koninck, is a Canadian mathematician. He has served as a professor at Université Laval since 1972 and is the creator of the road safety program Opération Nez Rouge, or "Red Nose Operation", a system preventing people from drinking and driving.
Konrad Osterwalder is a Swiss mathematician and physicist, former Undersecretary-General of the United Nations, former Rector of the United Nations University (UNU), and Rector Emeritus of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich. He is known for the Osterwalder–Schrader theorem.
Mimi A. R. Koehl is an American marine biologist, biomechanist, and professor at University of California, Berkeley, and head of the Koehl Lab. She was a MacArthur Fellow in 1990.
Roger Maro Enoka is professor and former chair of the Department of Integrative Physiology at the University of Colorado at Boulder. He is also the director of the Neurophysiology of Movement Lab.
Dr. Ravindra Nanda is a professor and Head of the Department of Craniofacial Sciences and Chair of the Division of Orthodontics at the University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine. He is part of the founding faculty of School of Dental Medicine and has been at the University of Connecticut since 1972 where he also holds an Alumni Chair in the Orthodontics Division. He is an innovator of various appliances in orthodontics. His research and clinical interests include adolescent and adult orthodontics, the biology of tooth mobility, craniofacial orthopedics, biomechanics and developing efficient mechanics to deliver orthodontic care.
David A. Winter was a distinguished professor emeritus of the University of Waterloo. He was a founding member of the Canadian Society for Biomechanics and its first Career Award winner. He was later awarded the Muybridge Medal of the International Society of Biomechanics (ISB) and the Lifetime Achievement Award of The Gait and Clinical Movement Analysis Society. Before becoming an academic he served as an electrical officer with the Royal Canadian Navy on HMCS Nootka from 1952 to 1958. He completed his service at the rank of lieutenant commander. In December 2011, ISB named an award to encourage young people to stay involved in biomechanics research the "David Winter Young Investigator Award."
Elizabeth Matilda Tansey is an Emerita Professor of the history of medicine and former neurochemist, best known for her role in the Wellcome Trust's witness seminars. She previously worked at Queen Mary University of London (QMUL).
Dame Sarah Marcella Springman is a British-Swiss triathlete, civil engineer, and academic. She was educated in England and spent much of her career in Switzerland. She is a former rector of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich and currently Principal of St Hilda's College at the University of Oxford.
Demetri Terzopoulos is a Greek-Canadian-American computer scientist and entrepreneur. He is currently a Distinguished Professor and Chancellor's Professor of Computer Science in the Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science at the University of California, Los Angeles, where he directs the UCLA Computer Graphics & Vision Laboratory.
Sudhir Kumar Sopory is an Indian educationist, plant physiologist, scientist and former vice chancellor of Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. He is known to be the first to purify a protein kinase C activity from plants and is credited with the identification of topoisomerase as a substrate of protein kinase C. He is an elected Fellow of several major Indian science academies and The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) and is a recipient of many honours, including the 1987 Shanti Swarup Bhatangar Prize, the highest Indian award in the science and technology categories. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri, in 2007, for his contributions to science and technology.
Harkishan Singh was Professor Emeritus at the Panjab University. He was a well recognized pharmaceutical academic, medicinal chemistry researcher and science historian. He had more than half a century experience in his respective fields to his credit. He worked at the Banaras Hindu University, University of Saugar, and the Panjab University in India, and abroad at the University of Maryland, University of Mississippi and the University of London.
Gideon Ariel is an Israeli authority in biomechanics, as well as a former Olympic track and field athlete who competed in the discus throw.
Manohar Lal Munjal is an Indian acoustical engineer, honorary professor, and INSA senior scientist at the Facility for Research in Technical Acoustics (FRITA) of the Indian Institute of Science. He is known for his studies on aeroacoustics and finite wave analysis of exhaust systems. He is an elected fellow of all the three major Indian science academies viz. Indian Academy of Sciences, Indian National Science Academy, National Academy of Sciences, India as well as the Indian National Academy of Engineering. He has published three books viz. Noise and Vibration Control, Acoustics of Ducts and Mufflers With Application to Exhaust and Ventilation System Design, and IUTAM Symposium on Designing for Quietness and has contributed chapters to books edited by himself and others. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards for his contributions to Engineering Sciences in 1986.