Investor-owned utilities (IOUs) are private enterprises [1] acting as public utilities.
Parent company | Operating company | Operating states |
---|---|---|
AES Corporation (AES) | AES Indiana, formerly Indianapolis Power & Light | IN |
Dayton Power and Light | OH | |
Allete (ALE) | Minnesota Power | MN |
Superior Water, Light and Power | WI | |
Alliant Energy (LNT) | Interstate Power and Light | IA |
Wisconsin Power and Light | WI | |
Ameren (AEE) | Ameren Illinois | IL |
Ameren Missouri | MO | |
American Electric Power (AEP) | AEP Ohio | OH, WV |
AEP Texas | TX | |
Appalachian Power | TN, VA, WV | |
Indiana Michigan Power | IN, MI | |
Kentucky Power | KY | |
Public Service Company of Oklahoma | OK | |
Southwestern Electric Power | TX | |
American Transmission Company | American Transmission Company | WI, MI |
Avista Corporation (AVA) | Avista Utilities | ID, WA |
Black Hills Corporation (BKH) | Black Hills Energy | CO, SD, IA, KS, NE, WY |
CenterPoint Energy (CNP) | CenterPoint Energy | TX |
Fortis Inc. (FTS) | Central Hudson Gas & Electric | NY |
Cleco Holdings | Cleco | LA |
Consolidated Edison (ED) | Consolidated Edison | NY |
Orange and Rockland Utilities | NY, NJ, PA | |
CMS Energy (CMS) | Consumers Energy | MI |
Dominion Energy | Dominion Virginia Power | VA |
Dominion North Carolina Power | NC | |
DQE | Duquesne Light | PA |
DTE Energy Electric Company (DTE) | Detroit Edison | MI |
Duke Energy (DUK) | Duke Energy Carolinas | NC, SC |
Duke Energy Progress | NC, SC | |
Duke Energy Indiana | IN | |
Duke Energy Ohio | OH | |
Duke Energy Kentucky | KY | |
Duke Energy Florida | FL | |
Edison International (EIX) | Southern California Edison | CA |
Emera | Bangor Hydro Electric | ME |
Maine Public Service | ME | |
Énergir | Central Vermont Public Service | VT |
Green Mountain Power | VT | |
Entergy (ETR) | Entergy Arkansas | AR |
Entergy Louisiana | LA | |
Entergy Gulf States | LA | |
Entergy Mississippi | MS | |
Entergy New Orleans | LA | |
Entergy Texas | TX | |
Evergy (EVRG) | Evergy | MO, KS |
Eversource Energy (ES) | Connecticut Light & Power | CT |
Public Service New Hampshire | NH | |
Western Massachusetts Electric | MA | |
Exelon (EXC) | Commonwealth Edison | IL |
Philadelphia Electric | PA | |
Baltimore Gas & Electric | MD | |
Potomac Electric Power | DC, MD | |
Delmarva Power | DE, MD | |
Atlantic City Electric | NJ | |
FirstEnergy (FE) | Ohio Edison | OH |
Cleveland Electric Illuminating | OH | |
Toledo Edison | OH | |
Pennsylvania Power | PA | |
Penelec | PA | |
Met-Ed | PA | |
Jersey Central P&L | NJ | |
Allegheny Energy | PA | |
Monongahela Power | WV | |
Potomac Edison | MD, WV, VA | |
West Penn | PA | |
Hawaiian Electric Industries (HE) | Hawaii Electric Company | HI |
Hawaii Electric Light Company | HI | |
Maui Electric Company | HI | |
Iberdrola (IBE.MC) | Rochester Gas & Electric | NY |
New York State Electric & Gas | NY | |
Central Maine Power | ME | |
Integrys Energy Group | Wisconsin Public Service Corporation | WI |
Upper Peninsula Power Company | MI | |
ITC Holdings | ITC Transmission | MI |
Michigan Electric Transmission Company | MI | |
ITC Midwest | IA, MN, IL, MO | |
ITC Great Plains | OK, KS | |
MDU Resources (MDU) | Montana-Dakota Utilities | MT, ND, SD, WY |
MGE Energy (MGEE) | Madison Gas and Electric | WI |
Berkshire Hathaway Energy | MidAmerican Energy Company | IA, IL, SD, NE |
Pacificorp--Pacific Power | OR, CA, WA | |
Pacificorp--Rocky Mountain Power | UT, WY, ID | |
NV Energy | NV, CA | |
National Grid plc (NGG) | New England Power | MA, NH, VT, CT, ME |
Massachusetts Electric | MA | |
Nantucket Electric | MA | |
Granite State Electric | NH | |
Niagara Mohawk Power | NY | |
Long Island Lighting | NY | |
NextEra Energy (NEE) | Florida Power & Light | FL |
Gulf Power | FL | |
NiSource (NI) | Northern Indiana Public Service Company | IN |
NorthWestern Corporation (NWE) | NorthWestern Energy | SD, MT, NE |
NRG Energy (NRG) | Reliant Energy | TX |
NSTAR (NSARO) | Boston Edison | MA |
Cambridge Electric Light | MA | |
Commonwealth Electric | MA | |
OGE Energy Corporation (OGE) | Oklahoma Gas & Electric | OK, AR |
Otter Tail Corporation (OTTR) | Otter Tail Power | ND, MN, SD |
PG&E Corporation (PCG) | Pacific Gas & Electric Company | CA |
Pinnacle West Capital (PNW) | Arizona Public Service | AZ |
PNM Resources (PNM) | Public Service Company of New Mexico | NM |
Texas-New Mexico Power | TX | |
Portland General Electric (POR) | Portland General Electric | OR |
PPL Corporation (PPL) | PPL Electric Utilities | PA |
Louisville Gas & Electric | KY | |
Kentucky Utilities | KY | |
Rhode Island Energy | RI | |
Public Service Enterprise Group (PEG) | Public Service Electric & Gas | NJ |
Puget Energy | Puget Sound Energy | WA |
SCANA (SCG) | South Carolina Electric & Gas Company | SC |
Sempra Energy (SRE) | San Diego Gas & Electric | CA |
Southern Company (SO) | Alabama Power | AL |
Georgia Power | GA | |
Mississippi Power | MS | |
TECO Energy | Tampa Electric | FL |
UGI Corporation (UGI) | United Electric Company | PA |
UIL Holdings Corporation | The United Illuminating Company | CT |
UniSource Energy | Tucson Electric Power | AZ |
UNS Electric | AZ | |
Unitil (UTL) | Unitil Energy | MA, NH |
Fitchburg Gas & Electric | MA | |
Vectren (VVC) | Southern Indiana Gas and Electric | IN |
Wisconsin Energy Corporation | We Energies | WI |
Xcel Energy (XEL) | Northern States Power Company | MN, ND, SD, WI |
Public Service Colorado | CO | |
Southwestern Public Service | NM, TX |
A public utility company is an organization that maintains the infrastructure for a public service. Public utilities are subject to forms of public control and regulation ranging from local community-based groups to statewide government monopolies.
Municipalization is the transfer of private entities, assets, service providers, or corporations to public ownership by a municipality, including a city, county, or public utility district ownership. The transfer may be from private ownership or from other levels of government. It is the opposite of privatization and is different from nationalization. The term municipalization largely refers to the transfer of ownership of utilities from Investor Owned Utilities (IOUs) to public ownership, and operation, by local government whether that be at the city, county or state level. While this is most often applied to electricity it can also refer to solar energy, water, sewer, trash, natural gas or other services.
The State Corporation Commission, or SCC, is a Virginia (USA) regulatory agency whose authority encompasses utilities, insurance, state-chartered financial institutions, securities, retail franchising, and railroads. It is the state's central filing office for corporations, limited partnerships, limited liability companies and Uniform Commercial Code liens.
A regional transmission organization (RTO) in the United States is an electric power transmission system operator (TSO) that coordinates, controls, and monitors a multi-state electric grid. The transfer of electricity between states is considered interstate commerce, and electric grids spanning multiple states are therefore regulated by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). The voluntary creation of RTOs was initiated by FERC Order No. 2000, issued on December 20, 1999. The purpose of the RTO is to promote economic efficiency, reliability, and non-discriminatory practices while reducing government oversight.
A public utilities commission is a quasi-governmental body that provides oversight and/or regulation of public utilities in a particular area, especially in the United States and Canada.
The Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD) is a community-owned electric utility serving Sacramento County and parts of Placer County. It is one of the ten largest publicly owned utilities in the United States, generating the bulk of its power through natural gas and large hydroelectric generation plants. SMUD's green power (renewable) energy output was estimated as 33.8% in 2020.
The Louisiana Public Service Commission (LPSC) is an independent regulatory agency which manages public utilities and motor carriers in Louisiana. The Commission was created by Article IV, Section 21 of the 1921 Constitution of the State of Louisiana. It succeeded the Railroad Commission of Louisiana that was created by the 1898 Constitution. The commission has five elected members chosen in single-member districts for staggered six-year terms. Thus the commissioners have large constituencies, long terms, and close involvement with issues of intense consumer interest ; consequently membership in LPSC has been known to serve as a springboard to even higher public office, as in the cases of Huey Long, Jimmie Davis, John McKeithen, and Kathleen Babineaux Blanco — LPSC members who became governors of Louisiana.
The California Public Utilities Commission is a regulatory agency that regulates privately owned public utilities in the state of California, including electric power, telecommunications, natural gas and water companies. In addition, the CPUC regulates common carriers, including household goods movers, limousines, rideshare services, self-driving cars, and rail crossing safety. The CPUC has headquarters in the Civic Center district of San Francisco, and field offices in Los Angeles and Sacramento.
Sempra is a North American public utility holding company based in San Diego, California. The company is one of the largest utility holding companies in the United States with nearly 40 million consumers. Sempra's focus is on electric and natural gas infrastructure and its operating companies include: Southern California Gas Company (SoCalGas) and San Diego Gas & Electric (SDG&E) in Southern California; Oncor Electric Delivery Company in Texas; and Sempra Infrastructure, with offices in California and Texas.
The Texas electricity market is deregulated, meaning that there is competition in the generation and distribution of electricity. Power generators in the Texas Interconnection, managed by the Electric Reliability Council of Texas, participate in an energy-only electricity market and are compensated only for the electricity they produce. The wholesale generation market was deregulated in 1995 and the distribution market in 1999, with Texas Senate Bill 7. This replaced the prior system in which power was generated and consumed locally by the same utility with one in which retail providers contracted with generators across the state.
The Florida Public Service Commission (FPSC) regulates investor-owned electric, natural gas, and water and wastewater utilities. The FPSC facilitates competitive markets in the telecommunications industry, has authority over intercarrier disputes, and oversees pay telephones, the federal Lifeline Assistance Program and Telecommunications Relay Service.
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A community solar project, farm or garden is a solar power installation that accepts capital from and provides output credit and tax benefits to multiple customers, including individuals, businesses, nonprofits, and other investors. Participants typically invest in or subscribe to a certain kW capacity or kWh generation of remote electrical production. The project's power output is credited to investors or subscribers in proportion to their investment, with adjustments to reflect ongoing changes in capacity, technology, costs and electricity rates. Community solar provides direct access to the renewable energy to customers who cannot install it themselves. Companies, cooperatives, governments or non-profits operate the systems.
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The California Public Advocate Offices (CAPAO) is the consumer-advocacy arm of the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC), which regulates privately owned public utilities in the state of California. CAPAO is a statutorily mandated agency that is specifically authorized to represent the interests of public utility customers within the jurisdiction of the CPUC to obtain the lowest possible rate for service consistent with reliable and safe service levels. In fulfilling its mission, CAPAO also advocates for customer and environmental protections.
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