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Christoph WillibaldGluck was a composer of Italian and French opera in the early classical period. Born in the Upper Palatinate and raised in Bohemia, both part of the Holy Roman Empire, he gained prominence at the Habsburg court at Vienna. There he brought about the practical reform of opera's dramaturgical practices for which many intellectuals had been campaigning. With a series of radical new works in the 1760s, among them Orfeo ed Euridice and Alceste, he broke the stranglehold that Metastasian opera seria had enjoyed for much of the century. Gluck introduced more drama by using simpler recitative and cutting the usually long da capo aria. His later operas have half the length of a typical baroque opera.
French opera is one of Europe's most important operatic traditions, containing works by composers of the stature of Rameau, Berlioz, Gounod, Bizet, Massenet, Debussy, Ravel, Poulenc and Messiaen. Many foreign-born composers have played a part in the French tradition as well, including Lully, Gluck, Salieri, Cherubini, Spontini, Meyerbeer, Rossini, Donizetti, Verdi and Offenbach.
Les Danaïdes is an opera by Antonio Salieri, in five acts: more specifically, it is a tragédie lyrique. The opera was set to a libretto by François-Louis Gand Le Bland Du Roullet and Louis-Théodore de Tschudi, who in turn adapted the work of Ranieri de' Calzabigi. Calzabigi originally wrote the libretto of Les Danaïdes for Christoph Willibald Gluck, but the aged composer, who had just experienced a stroke, was unable to meet the Opéra's schedule and so asked Salieri to take it over.
Hipermestra is an opera in a prologue and 3 acts by Francesco Cavalli - more specifically, it is a festa teatrale. The opera was set to a libretto by G. A. Moniglia, and was first performed at Florence on 12 June 1658. The plot is based upon the ancient tale of Hypermnestra, a story that also later served as a basis for a well-known libretto Ipermestra by Metastasio. It was staged several times up to 1680.
L'Ipermestra is an 18th-century Italian opera in 3 acts by the Czech composer Josef Mysliveček composed to the libretto Ipermestra by the Italian poet Metastasio first set by Hasse in 1744. This opera belong to the serious type in Italian language referred to as opera seria.
Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne or Moyne was a French composer, chiefly of operas.
La danza is an opera by the composer Christoph Willibald Gluck. The title page describes it as a componimento drammatico pastorale in one act. It was first performed at Laxenburg near Vienna on 5 May 1755.
La caduta de' giganti is an opera by the composer Christoph Willibald Gluck. It takes the form of a dramma per musica in two acts. The Italian-language libretto is by Francesco Vanneschi. The opera premiered on 7 January 1746 at the King's Theatre, Haymarket in London.
La Semiramide riconosciuta is an opera by the composer Christoph Willibald Gluck. It takes the form of a dramma per musica in three acts. The Italian-language libretto is by Pietro Metastasio. The opera premiered on 14 May 1748 at the Burgtheater in Vienna.
L'innocenza giustificata is an opera by the composer Christoph Willibald Gluck. It takes the form of a festa teatrale in one act. The Italian-language libretto combines recitatives by Giacomo Durazzo with arias by Pietro Metastasio. The opera premiered on 8 December 1755 at the Burgtheater in Vienna.
Cythère assiégée is an opera by the composer Christoph Willibald Gluck. The French-language libretto is by Charles-Simon Favart. The first version of this opera premiered in spring 1759 at the Burgtheater, Vienna in the form of a one-act opéra comique. A completely revised version turned it into a three-act opéra-ballet which appeared at the Paris Opéra on 1 August 1775. Gluck resorted to his eponymous opera comique for the Parisian Cythère assiégée (1775) and transformed it into an opera ballet. He added recitative sections to Favarts's textual basis, re-designed sections and added his own compositions, some of them changing. His compositional works had progressed so far to the beginning of March 1775 that Gluck was able to leave a copy of the score on his departure from Paris; but neither could he supervise the rehearsal work nor be present at the premiere on 1 August 1775 or in the other 21 performances. Due to these circumstances, three versions of the work can be distinguished: the original, the listed and the printed.
Il Parnaso confuso is an opera by the composer Christoph Willibald Gluck. It takes the form of an azione teatrale in one act. The Italian-language libretto is by Pietro Metastasio. The opera premiered on 24 January 1765 at Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna. All the members of the cast were archduchesses of the Habsburg family and the work was conducted by the future Emperor Leopold II from the harpsichord.
Tetide (Thetis) is an opera by the composer Christoph Willibald Gluck. It takes the form of a serenata in two parts. The Italian-language libretto is by Giovanni Ambrogio Migliavacca. The opera premiered on 10 October 1760 at the Hofburg Palace, Vienna.
L'ivrogne corrigé is an opera by the composer Christoph Willibald Gluck. It takes the form of an opéra comique in two acts. The French-language libretto is by Louis Anseaume and Lourdet de Sarterre. The opera premiered in April 1760 at the Burgtheater in Vienna.
La corona is an opera by the composer Christoph Willibald Gluck. It takes the form of an azione teatrale in one act. The Italian-language libretto is by Pietro Metastasio. The opera was intended to celebrate the name day of Emperor Francis I on 4 October 1765 but the emperor died in August and it remained unperformed until the 20th century.
Antigono is a three act opera seria composed by Christoph Willibald Gluck. It premiered February 9, 1756, at the Teatro di Torre Argentina in Rome, Italy. The Italian libretto was written by Pietro Metastasio, who was considered to be the most important opera seria librettist. Antigono was the only opera that Gluck ever premiered in Rome. This allowed him to reuse several arias and an entire introduction from some of his other operas, L’innocenza Giustificata, L’cinesi, and La Danza.
Il re pastore is an opera by the composer Christoph Willibald Gluck. It takes the form of a dramma per musica in three acts. The Italian-language libretto is by Pietro Metastasio. The opera premiered on 8 December 1756 at the Burgtheater, Vienna.
Ipermestra is an opera libretto by Pietro Metastasio first set by Johann Adolph Hasse 8 January 1744, and in the November of the same year by Christoff Willibald Gluck.
Ipermestra is an opera by Johann Adolph Hasse. It was the first setting of the libretto by Metastasio, itself following in an already long tradition of operas based on Aeschylus' Suppliants. The opera has not received a modern recording, though Max Emanuel Cencic recorded Impermestra's aria "Ma rendi pur contento" on Rokoko - Hasse Opera Arias (2012).
References
- The Viking Opera Guide, ed. Amanda Holden (Viking, 1993), p. 371.
- Alfred Wotquenne Catalogue thématique des œuvres de Chr. W. v. Gluck (Georg Olms Verlag, 1967)
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