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Sultan is a position with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal noun سلطة sulṭah, meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be used as the title of certain rulers who claimed almost full sovereignty without claiming the overall caliphate, or to refer to a powerful governor of a province within the caliphate. The adjectival form of the word is "sultanic", and the state and territories ruled by a sultan, as well as his office, are referred to as a sultanate.
Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent (712–1757) is conventionally said to have started in 712, after the conquest of Sindh and Multan by the Umayyad caliphate. It began in the Indian subcontinent in the course of a gradual conquest. The perfunctory rule by the Ghaznavids in Punjab was followed by Ghurids, and Sultan Muhammad of Ghor (r.1173–1206) is generally credited with laying the foundation of Muslim rule in Northern India.
Mohammed II may refer to:
Islam is the state religion of Maldives. The 2008 Constitution or "Fehi Gānoon" declares the significance of Islamic law in the country. The constitution requires that citizenship status be based on adherence to the state religion, which legally makes the country's citizens 100% Muslim.
Sultana or sultanah is a female royal title, and the feminine form of the word sultan. This term has been officially used for female monarchs in some Islamic states, and historically it was also used for sultan's consorts.
The Dhiyamigili dynasty was a Maldivian dynasty that lasted for fifty-five years, from 1704 to 1759 AD. During this period there were five rulers. It was followed by the Huraa dynasty.
Theemuge dynasty or Homa Dharikolhu was one of the early dynasties of the Maldives that reigned from c.1117 until c.1388.
Hilaalee dynasty was one of the earlier Muslim ruling-dynasties of the history of the Maldives. It ruled the country from 1388 to 1573. It came under Portuguese power in 1558 and disestablished in 1573 after the Utheemu rebellion against the Portuguese presence. After the disestablishment, an interregnum period started in the history of the Maldives.
The Utheemu dynasty was created in 1573 when Muhammad Thakurufaanu Al Auzam became sultan of the Maldives. The dynasty was named after the northern Maldives island of Utheemu, birthplace of Muhammad Thakurufaan. Muhammad Thakurufaan is considered a national hero, as he and his two brothers led a successful rebellion against the Portuguese and established his country's independence. Thirteen more sultans ruled during this dynastic period, which ended in 1697.
The Huraa Dynasty was the sixth royal dynasty to rule over the Sultanate of Maldives from 1757 to 1965. It was founded by Sultan al-Ghazi Hasan 'Izz ud-din.
Sultan Muhammad may refer to:
Dhovemi Kalaminja Siri Thiribuvana-aadiththa Maha Radun or Donei Kalaminjaa was the second king of the Maldives from 1141 to 1166 or 1176 according to the Raadhavalhi and the Loamaafaanu copper plate writings. The Tarikh chronicles however, calls this king Sultan Muhammad al-Adil which is probably the Muslim name of the king after his conversion to Islam in the 12th year of his reign. Later on the title of Dharumavantha (Dharumas) Rasgefaanu or the Benevolent King was bestowed upon him. He is also known as the first ruler of the Theemuge Dynasty. This name was derived from his house's name, Theemuge, some sourced refer to the royal house as the Maalei Dharikolhu. Though it was being called Theemuge Darikolhu they were descendants of the Buddhist Kings of the Lunar Dynasty or Soma Vansa.
Al-Sultan Abul Fath Jalaaluddin Omar Veeru Siri Abaarana Mahaa Radun was the Sultan of the Maldives from 1306 to 1341. He was the son of Sultan Salis. According to Moroccan traveller Ibn Battuta, his father was a Bengali and the founder of a new dynasty. Sultan Omar I ruled the country for 35 years until his death in 1341. He had a son named Ahmed Shihaabuddheen and two daughters Khadhijah and Raadhafathi, all of whom later became rulers of the Maldives. He was succeeded by his son Ahmed Shihaabuddheen.
Al-Sultana Khadeejah Sri Raadha Abaarana Mahaa Rehendhi or more famously known as just Rehendhi Khadeejah meaning, Queen Khadeejah, was the Sultana of the Maldives from 1347 to 1380. She was one of the few female rulers in the recorded history of Maldives.
Koimala Siri Mahaabarana Mahaa Radun or Koimala or Koimala Kalo is the last pre-Islamic and the earliest verifiable ruler of the Maldives. He reigned from A.D. 1117 to A.D. 1141.
The Bengal Sultanate was a late medieval sultanate based in Bengal region between the 14th and 16th century. It was the dominant power of the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta, with a network of mint towns spread across the region. The Bengal Sultanate had a circle of vassal states in the subcontinent, including parts of Odisha in the southwest, Arakan in the southeast, and Tripura in the east.
Ghiyath al-Din, also transcribed as Ghiyāthu'd-Dīn, Ghiyasuddin, etc. is the name of many persons in the Islamic world. It may refer to:
Mu'iz ad-Din is the name of:
The Dhevvadhoo dynasty was a Maldivian dynasty that lasted for nine years, from 1692 to 1701 AD. It was followed by the Isdhoo dynasty.
References
- ↑ "Dynastic profile of Muslim rulers in Maldives | By Dr Rajkumar Singh, Bihar". Pakistan Observer. 2022-08-18. Retrieved 2023-10-02.
- ↑ "Sultan Ali VII".
- 1 2 "Sultan Hassan X".
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