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Graptolithina is a subclass of the class Pterobranchia, the members of which are known as graptolites. These organisms are colonial animals known chiefly as fossils from the Middle Cambrian through the Lower Carboniferous (Mississippian). A possible early graptolite, Chaunograptus, is known from the Middle Cambrian. One analysis suggests that the pterobranch Rhabdopleura represents extant graptolites. Studies on the tubarium of fossil and living graptolites showed similarities in the basic fusellar construction and it is considered that the group most probably evolved from a Rhabdopleura-like ancestor.
Yuknessia is an early pterobranch, known from the Burgess shale, the Chengjiang and the Wheeler shale. Long, unbranched fronds emerge from a central holdfast-like body covered in small conical plates. 23 specimens of Yuknessia are known from the Greater Phyllopod bed, where they comprise < 0.1% of the community. The genus contains two species: the type species Y. simplex and Y. stephenensis. It was originally interpreted as a green alga, and has since been reinterpreted it as a colonial pterobranch.
Wei Ping-ao, also known as Paul Wei, was a Hong Kong-based Chinese actor who started his career in the Shaw Brothers Studio. He is best known for playing cunning interpreters in Bruce Lee's 1972 films Fist of Fury and Way of the Dragon, in which he dubbed his own voice, and also appeared in films such as Deaf Mute Heroine (1971), Hapkido (1972) and Fists of Bruce Lee (1978). He suffered from jaundice in his later years. He died on 3 December 1989 in British Hong Kong.
Roman Kozłowski was a Polish palaeontologist, best known for his work on graptolites.
Rhabdopleura is a genus of colonial sessile hemichordates belonging to the Pterobranchia class. As one of the oldest living genera with a fossil record dating back to the Middle Cambrian, it is also considered to be the only living genus of graptolites.
Monograptidae is an extinct family of graptolites of the Order Graptoloidea. Monograptids have only one row of thecae per stipe, unlike the biserial graptolites which have two opposing rows of thecae per stipe.
Anisograptidae is an extinct family of graptolites. As the first planktic graptolites, they play a crucial role for understanding the transition of graptolites from ocean floor suspension feeders to ocean surface plankton during the early Ordovician.
Sigmagraptidae is an extinct family of graptolites.
Sinograptidae is an extinct family of graptolites.
Dichograptidae is an extinct family of graptolites. Fossils are found mostly from the Late Ordovician to the Early Devonian.
Glossograptidae is an extinct family of graptolites.
Diplograptidae is an extinct family of graptolites.
Climacograptidae is an extinct family of graptolites.
Dicranograptidae is an extinct family of graptolites.
Normalograptidae is an extinct family of graptolites.
Neodiplograptidae is an extinct family of graptolites.
Dendrograptidae is an extinct family of graptolites.
Acanthograptidae is an extinct family of graptolites.
Cysticamaridae is an extinct family of graptolites.
Dithecodendridae is an extinct family of graptolites.
References
- ↑ Maletz, Jörg (2017). Graptolite Paleobiology. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 9781118515617.
- ↑ Maletz, Jörg (2014). "The classification of the Pterobranchia (Cephalodiscida and Graptolithina)". Bulletin of Geosciences. 89 (3): 477–540. doi: 10.3140/bull.geosci.1465 . ISSN 1214-1119.
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