Jabez Inwards | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 23 April 1817 |
| Died | 21 December 1880 (aged 63) |
| Resting place | Highgate Cemetery |
| Occupation | Temperance lecturer and phrenologist |
Jabez Inwards was a popular Victorian temperance lecturer and phrenologist.
Jabez Inwards | |
|---|---|
| | |
| Born | 23 April 1817 |
| Died | 21 December 1880 (aged 63) |
| Resting place | Highgate Cemetery |
| Occupation | Temperance lecturer and phrenologist |
Jabez Inwards was a popular Victorian temperance lecturer and phrenologist.
The son of pious parents, Jabez Inwards had an imposing six foot tall figure with a large frame to match. Blessed with natural wit and an open disposition, he started his temperance career lecturing in the villages of Bedfordshire around Houghton Regis, the towns of his birth. His eloquence and fluency of speech in proclaiming and defending total abstinence proved to be very persuasive and his reputation spread beyond his neighbourhood. [2]
In 1855 he moved to London with his family, where his services were much in demand at temperance gatherings. He also gave lectures on phrenology, astronomy as well as preaching the Gospel and delivered lectures on life assurance, as a travelling agent of the British Equitable Assurance Society. Over a thirty year period his diaries show that he delivered an average of four addresses a week. [2] He also wrote several books and published texts of his lectures.
Inwards was a vegan, contributing to the monthly The Journal of Health & Phrenological Magazine published by fellow teetotaler and phrenologist William Horsell. [3]
He married Elizabeth Duncombe in 1837 [4] and they had four children, one of whom was the mining engineer Richard Inwards. Jabez died at the family home, 20 Bartholemew Villas, Kentish Town [5] on the 21st December 1880 and was buried in a family grave on the east side of Highgate Cemetery.
In 1886 a drinking fountain to commemorate Jabez Inwards was erected at the junction of Royal College Street and Kentish Town Road. Standing over four metres (13 ft) high and surmounted with a granite urn, it was designed by the Metropolitan Free Drinking Fountain Association. [6] The inscription read: "Erected by the Friends of Temperance to the memory of Jabez Inwards, born April 23, 1817; died at Kentish Town, December 21, 1880" [2] and the unveiling ceremony was attended by least 3,000 people. [7]
Phrenology is a pseudoscience which involves the measurement of bumps on the skull to predict mental traits. It is based on the concept that the brain is the organ of the mind, and that certain brain areas have localized, specific functions or modules. It was said that the brain was composed of different muscles, so those that were used more often were bigger, resulting in the different skull shapes. This led to the reasoning behind why everyone had bumps on the skull in different locations. The brain "muscles" not being used as frequently remained small and were therefore not present on the exterior of the skull. Although both of those ideas have a basis in reality, phrenology generalized beyond empirical knowledge in a way that departed from science. The central phrenological notion that measuring the contour of the skull can predict personality traits is discredited by empirical research. Developed by German physician Franz Joseph Gall in 1796, the discipline was influential in the 19th century, especially from about 1810 until 1840. The principal British centre for phrenology was Edinburgh, where the Edinburgh Phrenological Society was established in 1820.
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