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The Jewish Encyclopedia: A Descriptive Record of the History, Religion, Literature, and Customs of the Jewish People from the Earliest Times to the Present Day is an English-language encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history, culture, and state of Judaism up to the early 20th century. The encyclopedia's managing editor was Isidore Singer and the editorial board was chaired by Isaac K. Funk and Frank H. Vizetelly.
Mordecai ben Avraham Yoffe was a Rabbi, Rosh yeshiva and posek. He is best known as author of Levush Malkhus, a ten-volume codification of Jewish law that particularly stressed the customs of the Jews of Eastern Europe. He is known as "the Levush" or "the Ba'al Halevushim", for this work.
Jacob ben Joseph Reischer (Bechofen) (1661–1733) was an Austrian rabbi and halakhist.
Samuel Judah Katzenellenbogen was an Italian Rabbi, the son of Rabbi Meir Katzenellenbogen.
Aaron of Canterbury was an English rabbi and halakhic exegete, mentioned in Minhat Yehudah by Judah ben Eliezer on Deuteronomy xxvi.2, in association with Rashi and Rabbi Jacob of Orleans, and thus, seemingly, of the twelfth century. But a passage in the Close Roll of 1242 refers the decision in a divorce case to three "magistri," Mosse of London, Aaron of Canterbury, and Jacob of Oxford, and makes it probable that the Aaron mentioned in "Minhat Yehudah" was of the thirteenth century and acted as an ecclesiastical assessor, or dayyan, in London about 1242. If so, his name was Aaron fil Samson.
Elijah bar Aaron Judah Baal Shem was a Polish rabbi and kabbalist who served as chief rabbi of Chełm. One of the most eminent Talmudists of his generation, he is recorded as the first person known by the epithet "Ba'al Shem" having been considered a great saint and believed to have used miraculous powers to create a golem.
David Gans, also known as Rabbi Dovid Solomon Ganz, was a Jewish chronicler, mathematician, historian, astronomer and astrologer. He is the author of "Tzemach David" (1592) and therefore also known by this title, the צמח דוד.
Aaron, Son of the Devil is the name given to an antisemitic caricature of an English Jew appearing on an Essex county document dated 1277. The document concerns fines imposed on some Jews and Christians who had pursued a doe after it had escaped from hounds chasing it near the city of Colchester, an offence against the forest laws of the time. One Jew, however, had supposedly evaded arrest and became the subject of the caricature.
The Jewish Quarterly Review is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering Jewish studies. It is published by the University of Pennsylvania Press on behalf of the Herbert D. Katz Center for Advanced Judaic Studies. The editors-in-chief are David N. Myers (UCLA) and Natalie Dohrmann. It is available online through Project MUSE and JSTOR.
Tekufot are the four seasons of the year recognized by Talmud writers. According to Samuel Yarḥinai, each tekufah marks the beginning of a period of 91 days 7½ hours. The four tekufot are:
- Tekufat Nisan, the vernal equinox, when the sun enters Aries; this is the beginning of spring, or "eit hazera" (seed-time), when day and night are equal.
- Tekufat Tammuz, the summer solstice, when the sun enters Cancer; this is the summer season, or "et ha-katsir" (harvest-time), when the day is the longest in the year.
- Tekufat Tishrei, the autumnal equinox, when the sun enters Libra, and autumn, or "et ha-batsir" (vintage-time), begins, and when the day again equals the night.
- Tekufat Tevet, the winter solstice, when the sun enters Capricornus; this is the beginning of winter, or "et ha-ḥoref" (winter-time), when the night is the longest during the year.
Simcha of Rome was a Jewish scholar and rabbi who lived in Rome in the last quarter of the 13th century. He was given an open letter by the community and sent out to find Maimonides' Commentary on the Mishnah and bring it back with him. He traveled through Provence and Catalonia without meeting with any success. At Barcelona, he applied for assistance to Solomon ben Adret, who gave him a further letter of recommendation. After a prolonged search, he found in Huesca the commentary on the first three orders, and shortly afterward the Arabic original of the commentary on the first five orders. The latter was thereupon translated into Hebrew by several scholars between 1296 and 1298, and Simcha returned with it to Rome, after having encountered various dangers on his journey. He appears to have written some books also, although, with the exception of certain fragments in Shibbole ha-Lekhet, nothing written by him has been preserved.
Josce of York was the leader of the Jewish community in York, England, and the leading figure in the York pogrom of 1190. He committed suicide along with nearly the entire Jewish community, rather than face death or conversion at the hands of an angry mob.
Jacob ben Judah Hazzan was a 13th-century Jewish legal codifier based in London, England. His grandfather was one Jacob he-Aruk. In 1287 Jacob wrote Etz Chaim a ritual code in two parts, containing 646 sections respectively, dealing with the whole sphere of Halakah, and following in large measure Maimonides in the Mishneh Torah, though Jacob utilized also the Halakot Gedolot, the Siddur of Amram Gaon, and the works of Moses of Coucy, Alfasi and the tosafists. He quotes, furthermore, Isaac ben Abraham, Moses of London and Berechiah de Nicole (Lincoln). Some verses by him are also extant.
Berechiah de Nicole also known as Benedict fil Mosse,, was a thirteenth-century English Tosafist who lived at Lincoln.
Moses ben Isaac ben ha-Nessiah of London was an English grammarian and lexicographer of the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries. His mother was probably a Jew nicknamed Comitissa of Cambridge.
David ben Joseph Pardo was a 17th-century rabbi. He was born in Amsterdam. His father was Rabbi Joseph Pardo, hazzan in London and author of "Shulḥan Tahor."
Joseph Pardo was an English hazzan. He appears to have gone to London from Amsterdam, where his father, David, was a rabbi. He wrote "Shulhan Tahor," a compendium of the first two parts of Joseph Caro's Shulhan 'Aruk, which was edited by his son, David, and printed at Amsterdam in 1686, dedicated to the "Kaal Kados De Londres", but with an approbation from the bet din of Amsterdam. The book has been reprinted several times: Frankfort-on-the-Main, 1696, and, with notes by Moses Isserles, 1713; and Frankfort-on-the-Oder, 1704.
Abu al-Fadl ben Yosef Hasdai was an eleventh-century philosopher, poet, mathematician, physician, and political figure in Zaragoza, then under the Taifa of Zaragoza.
Shimon Akiva Baer ben Yosef of Vienna was a 17th-century Viennese Talmudist and kabbalistic writer.
Samuel van Straalen was a Dutch-born English Hebraist and librarian.
References
- ↑ Isserles. (in Hebrew) – via Wikisource.
- ↑
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Joseph Jacobs (1901–1906). "JACOB OF LONDON". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia . New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
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