Jacques Moreillon | |
|---|---|
| Secretary General of the World Organization of the Scout Movement | |
| In office 1988–2004 | |
| Preceded by | László Nagy |
| Succeeded by | Eduardo Missoni |
Jacques Moreillon (born 1939) served as Director General of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) until 1988 and as Secretary General of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) from November 1, 1988 to March 31, 2004.
Moreillon was born in Vevey, Switzerland. He studied at the University of Lausanne and obtained a doctorate in political science from the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva. He became an ICRC delegate in 1965, and rose to the rank of Director General by 1988. [1]
In 1988 he became Secretary General of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM), a role he held until 2004. During this time the WOSM membership grew from 16 million members in 120 countries to 28 million members in 155 countries. [1]
The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is an international humanitarian movement with approximately 97 million volunteers, members and staff worldwide, which was founded to protect human life and health, to ensure respect for all human beings, and to prevent and alleviate human suffering. Within three distinct organizations that are legally independent from each other, but are united within the movement through common basic principles, objectives, symbols, statutes and governing organisations, there are the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), that is a private humanitarian institution founded in 1863 in Geneva, Switzerland, in particular by Henry Dunant and Gustave Moynier. Its 25-member committee has a unique authority under international humanitarian law to protect the life and dignity of the victims of international and internal armed conflicts. The ICRC was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize on three occasions.
The Scout movement, also known as Scouting or the Scouts, is a voluntary non-political educational movement for young people. Although it requires an oath of allegiance to a nation's political leaders and, in some countries, to a god, it otherwise allows membership without distinction of gender, race or origin in accordance with the principles of its founder, Lord Baden-Powell. The purpose of the Scout Movement is to contribute to the development of young people in achieving their full physical, intellectual, emotional, social and spiritual potentials as individuals, as responsible citizens and as members of their local, national and international communities. During the first half of the twentieth century, the movement grew to encompass three major age groups for boys: Cub Scout, Boy Scout and Rover Scout. In 1910, the Girl Guides was created, encompassing three major age groups for girls: Brownie Guide, Girl Guide and Girl Scout and Ranger Guide. It is one of several worldwide youth organizations.
The World Organization of the Scout Movement is the largest international Scouting organization. WOSM has 172 members. These members are recognized national Scout organizations, which collectively have over 50 million participants. WOSM was established in 1922, and has its operational headquarters at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and its legal seat in Geneva, Switzerland. It is the counterpart of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS).
Since the publication of Scouting for Boys in 1908, all Scouts and Girl Guides around the world have taken a Scout promise or oath to live up to ideals of the movement, and subscribed to a Scout Law. The wording of the Scout Promise and Scout Law have varied slightly over time and from country to country. Some national organization promises are given below. Although most Scouting and Guiding organizations use the word "promise", a few such as the Boy Scouts of America tend to use "oath" instead. Typically, Scouts and Guides will make the three-fingered Scout Sign when reciting the promise.
Beslidhja Skaut Albania, more fully Organizata Skautiste Shqiptare Beslidhja Skaut Albania, is a Scouting organization in Albania. It was founded in 2004 and became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 2005, with membership terminated in 2014. The coeducational Beslidhja Skaut Albania has 1,730 members as of 2011.
The coeducational Organization of the Scout Movement of Kazakhstan was officially founded in 1992, and received World Organization of the Scout Movement recognition on January 16, 2008. In 2011, it had 1,223 members.
The Asociación de Scouts de Cuba was the national Scouting organization of Cuba from 1927 to 1961. Scouting in Cuba started in 1914, in 1927 the ASC was founded and became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement the same year and was suspended from WOSM membership in 1961. At the end of the 1950s, the boys-only association had about 6,500 members. Cuba is now one of only four of the world's independent countries that do not have Scouting.
The Arab Scout Region also known as the Arab Scout Organization is the regional support centre of the World Scout Bureau of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, headquartered in Cairo, Egypt. By 1954, Scouting had become so popular in Arab countries that WOSM established the Arab Scout Region in Damascus.
The Vietnamese Scout Association is a youth organization that was established in Vietnam and active between 1930 and 1975. The association was recognized by the World Organization of the Scout Movement from 1957 to 1975.
The Israel Boy and Girl Scouts Federation is Israel's federation of the five Scouting organizations in Israel, sorted by religious affiliation. Some 90,000 boys and girls belong to organizations in the federation.
László Nagy was the Secretary General of the World Organization of the Scout Movement from May 1, 1968, to October 31, 1988. A Swiss citizen of Hungarian origin, he was a sociologist, a historian, a Doctor of Political Science, a former journalist and the author of a number of books on politics.
Colonel John Skinner "Belge" Wilson (1888–1969) was a Scottish scouting luminary and friend and contemporary of General Baden-Powell, recruited by him to head the International Bureau, later to become the World Bureau of the World Organization of the Scout Movement. Wilson was Acting Director from 1938 to 1939 following the death of Hubert S. Martin; he was elected in 1939 and remained in office until 1951. He then became Honorary President of WOSM for four years.
Since the 1980s, self-styled Green Scouts have appeared in several countries, related to the protection of the environment and in some cases linked to Greens Parties. However, specifically environmentally-minded Scouts have existed since the very earliest days of the movement.
Non-aligned Scouting organizations is a term used by the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM), World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS) and their member national organizations to refer to Scouting organizations that are not affiliated with them. See List of non-aligned Scouting organizations.
Scouting has sometimes become entangled in social controversies such as in nationalist resistance movements in India. Scouting was introduced to Africa by British officials as an instrument of colonial authority but became a subversive challenge to the legitimacy of British imperialism as Scouting fostered solidarity amongst African Scouts. There are also controversies and challenges within the Scout Movement itself such as current efforts to turn Scouts Canada into a democratic organization.
Eduardo Missoni is an Italian medical doctor who has been active in numerous social causes. He was appointed as the Secretary General of the World Organization of the Scout Movement from April 1, 2004 through November 30, 2007.
The Silver World Award is a distinguished service award of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA). It is presented for noteworthy and extraordinary service to youth on an international basis. Recipients must be a citizen of a country with a Scouting program that is a member of the World Scout Conference. Registered members of the BSA are not eligible for this award.
Scott A. Teare became the Secretary General and one of 12 elected volunteer members of the World Scout Committee, the main executive body of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in January 2013.
Dr. Baldur Hendrik Hermans was a German historian and a Catholic theologian. He was Secretary General of the International Catholic Conference of Scouting, and served as the International Commissioner of the Ring deutscher Pfadfinderverbände, as well as the International Commissioner of the German Catholic Scouting Deutsche Pfadfinderschaft Sankt Georg (DPSG).
Malick M'Baye, born in French West Africa, was the Executive Secretary to the Director General of UNESCO, and served as the National and International Trainer of the Confédération Sénégalaise du Scoutisme, as well as an advisor to the World Organization of the Scout Movement on its relationship with UNESCO.
| World Organization of the Scout Movement | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by László Nagy | Secretary General 1988-2004 | Succeeded by Eduardo Missoni |
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