James Kraska

Last updated

James Kraska is an internationally acclaimed American scholar and a distinguished professor of public international maritime law specializing in the international law of the sea and the law of maritime operations, and naval warfare. He is the current Chairman and Charles H. Stockton Professor of International Maritime Law at Stockton Center for International Law, United States Naval War College. He is also a Visiting Professor of Law and John Harvey Gregory Lecturer on World Organization at Harvard Law School. In a multifaceted academic, professional, and societal career over the past three decades, Kraska has been an embodiment of high intellectual calibre and public leadership vision to make the world more equal, secure, and sustainable. His perceptive and pioneering research in diverse areas of international maritime law is testament to his intellectual tenacity.

Contents

Education

Kraska earned a Bachelor of Arts from Mississippi State University and thereafter, a Master of Arts in International Studies from Claremont Graduate University. He received a Doctorate of Jurisprudence (J.D.) from Indiana University Maurer School of Law, and a Master of Laws (L.L.M) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D) from University of Virginia School of Law.

Career

U.S. Navy and the U.S. Government

Kraska was commissioned as a U.S. Navy officer and judge advocate in 1990. [1] He served on active duty as a Navy judge advocate in Yokosuka and Okinawa, Japan, as legal adviser to task forces under the Commander, United States Indo-Pacific Command, and in The Pentagon. [2] While in the Pentagon, he was an attorney-adviser for the Deputy Assistant Judge Advocate General for International and Operational Law, the Deputy Legal Adviser to the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Plans, Policy, and Operations (N3/N5), and as Oceans Law and Policy Adviser to the Director of Strategic Plans and Policy (J-5) on the Joint Staff. He also served as the Director of the International Negotiations Division at the Pentagon for the J-5, leading a division that provides military advice on bilateral and multilateral agreements and instruments, including conventional and nuclear arms control, and has been a criminal trial litigator, U.S. Naval Legal Service Office, Yokosuka, Japan. Kraska is also a representative for the United States to the International Group of Experts for the San Remo Manual on International Law Applicable to Armed Conflicts at Sea. Additionally, he is a Permanent Member of the Council on Foreign Relations. [3]

Academia

Kraska served as a military professor of international law and Howard S. Levie Chair in the Law of Armed Conflict at the US Naval War College. [4] He then was a Mary Derrickson McCurdy Visiting Scholar at Duke University Marine Laboratory in the Nicholas School of the Environment, where he conducted research on oceans law and policy. [3] He was also a Visiting Professor of Law at the University of the Philippines College of Law and an Honorary Visiting Professor of Law at Gujarat National Law University.  In 2014, he returned to the US Naval War College as a Full Professor in the Stockton Center for International Law. The Stockton Center is a research institute with civilian and military professors of international law focusing on the intersection of international law and military operations. In 2017, he became Chair of Stockton Center, an academic department within the Center for Naval Warfare Studies at the US Naval War College. In 2018, he was selected as the Charles H. Stockton Professor of International Law. [1]

Since 2017, Professor Kraska has taught the course International Law of the Sea at Harvard Law School, where he served in appointments as a Visiting Professor of Law and John Harvey Gregory Lecturer on World Organization. [3] He has also taught executive courses at The Hague Academy of International Law, the Rhodes Academy of Oceans Law and Policy, and the Yeosu Academy of the Law of the Sea. [5]

Editorial work

Kraska has served as the Editor-in-Chief of the journal International Law Studies published by the Naval War College, which is one of the oldest journals of international law in the United States. He is also Editor-in-Chief of three volumes of Benedict on Admiralty: International Maritime Law. He serves on numerous editorial boards, including the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, the Journal of the Royal United Services Institute, Texas National Security Review, the Naval War College Review, Asia-Pacific Journal of Ocean Law Policy, and Marine Policy.

Scholarship

Kraska has authored multiple books and journal articles and is internationally known for his work on the progressive development of the law of the sea and the intersection of the law of the sea and maritime power. He is known for his 2010 paper titled “How the United States Lost the Naval War of 2015” which foretold the emergence of the Chinese Navy as a threat to the U.S. strategic position in the Indo-Pacific region, and “Putting Your Head in the Tiger’s Mouth,” concerning the law of submarine espionage.

His work has appeared in the American Journal of International Law, The Yale Journal of International Law, the Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, and the Virginia Journal of International Law. In 2019, he wrote, “Maritime Enforcement of North Korean Sanctions” in the Berkeley Journal of International Law.

Publications

Kraska has written or co-authored more than a hundred publications on a wide range of international legal topics, with a focus on maritime law. [6] His books include:

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John B. Hattendorf</span> American naval historian

John Brewster Hattendorf, D.Phil., D.Litt., L.H.D., FRHistS, FSNR, is an American naval historian. He is the author, co-author, editor, or co-editor of more than fifty books, mainly on British and American maritime history and naval warfare. In 2005, the U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings described him as "one of the most widely known and well-respected naval historians in the world." In reference to his work on the history of naval strategy, an academic in Britain termed him the "doyen of US naval educators." A Dutch scholar went further to say that Hattendorf "may rightly be called one of the most influential maritime historians in the world." From 1984 to 2016, he was the Ernest J. King Professor of Maritime History at the United States Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island. He has called maritime history "a subject that touches on both the greatest moments of the human spirit as well as on the worst, including war." In 2011, the Naval War College announced the establishment of the Hattendorf Prize for Distinguished Original Research in Maritime History, named for him. The 2014 Oxford Naval Conference - "Strategy and the Sea" - celebrated his distinguished career on April 10–12, 2014. The proceedings of the conference were published as a festschrift. In March 2016, Hattendorf received the higher doctorate of Doctor of Letters (D.Litt.) from the University of Oxford. Among the few Americans to have received such designation, Hattendorf remained actively engaged on the Naval War College campus after his formal retirement in 2016.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert G. Albion</span> American maritime historian (1896–1983)

Robert Greenhalgh Albion was Harvard's first professor of Oceanic History and inspired two generations of maritime historians in the United States.

Freedom of navigation (FON) is a principle of law of the sea that ships flying the flag of any sovereign state shall not suffer interference from other states, apart from the exceptions provided for in international law. In the realm of international law, it has been defined as “freedom of movement for vessels, freedom to enter ports and to make use of plant and docks, to load and unload goods and to transport goods and passengers". This right is now also codified as Article 87(1)a of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.

James Kurth is the Claude C. Smith Professor Emeritus of Political Science at Swarthmore College, where he taught defense policy, foreign policy, and international politics. In 2004 Kurth also became the editor of Orbis, a professional journal on international relations and U.S. foreign policy published by the Foreign Policy Research Institute (FPRI) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Geoffrey Till</span>

Geoffrey Till is a British naval historian and emeritus Professor of Maritime Studies in the Defence Studies Department of King's College London. He is the Director of the Corbett Centre for Maritime Policy Studies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Benjamin Woods Labaree</span> American historian (1927–2021)

Benjamin Woods Labaree was a leading historian of American colonial history and American maritime history. He was born in New Haven, Connecticut.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Charles Stockton</span>

Charles Herbert Stockton was a rear admiral in the United States Navy and the U.S. Navy's first uniformed expert in international law. Stockton served as the President of the Naval War College, and later served as President of the George Washington University from 1910 to 1918

The Charles H. Stockton Chair of International Law at the United States Naval War College has its origins in the Naval War College's oldest civilian academic post. The first civilian academic at the College, James R. Soley was appointed in 1885 to lecture on international law. Dr. Freeman Snow of Harvard University gave lectures on the subject in 1894, his death in the midst of the academic program led to the appointment then Commander Charles Stockton to complete his lectures and to publish them for the use of the Navy. Stockton prepared a new edition in 1898, teaching classes in the subject. In 1901, Professoe John Bassett Moore lectured on international law and recommended that the college appoint Harvard University Law professor George Grafton Wilson as the visiting professor. Wilson lectured annually from 1901 to 1937. From 1946 to 1953, Professor Manley Hudson of Harvard regularly came from Cambridge to give the College's International Law lectures.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">George Grafton Wilson</span>

George Grafton Wilson was a distinguished professor of International Law during the first half of the 20th century. He served on the faculties of Brown University, Harvard University, The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, and the U.S. Naval War College.

Rear Admiral James Vincent Purcell Goldrick, was an Australian naval historian, analyst of contemporary naval and maritime affairs, and a senior officer of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). Following his retirement from the RAN, Goldrick was a fellow at the Sea Power Centre – Australia and an adjunct professor in the School of Humanities and Social Sciences in the University of New South Wales at the Australian Defence Force Academy. He was also a member of the Naval Studies Group at the Australian Centre for the Study of Armed Conflict and Society, an adjunct professor in the Strategic and Defence Studies Centre of the Australian National University and a professorial fellow of the Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security at the University of Wollongong. He was a visiting fellow at All Souls College, University of Oxford in the first half of 2015, and a non-resident Fellow of the Lowy Institute from 2013 to 2018.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Richard P. Hallion</span>

Richard P. Hallion is Senior Adviser for Air and Space Issues, Directorate for Security, Counterintelligence and Special Programs Oversight, the Pentagon, Washington, D.C. He is responsible for analysis and insight regarding the conceptualization, evolution and utilization of sensitive national technological programs and related subject areas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ryan Goodman</span> Lawyer

Ryan Goodman is the Anne and Joel Ehrenkranz Professor of Law at NYU School of Law and is the founding co-editor-in-chief of its website Just Security, which focuses on U.S. national security law and policy. Goodman joined the NYU faculty in 2009.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William C. Martel</span> American political scientist

William C. Martel was a scholar who specialized in studying the leadership and policymaking processes in organizations, strategic planning, cyberwarfare and militarisation of space, and technology innovation. He taught at the U.S. Air War College and U.S. Naval War College, and performed research for DARPA and the RAND Corporation. He later become Associate Professor of International Security Studies at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, a position he held until his death in 2015.

Yoram Dinstein is an Israeli scholar and professor emeritus at Tel Aviv University. He is a specialist on international law, and a prominent authority on the laws of war. He served as President of Tel Aviv University from 1991 to 1998. Won the 2023 Israel prize for law research.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Michael N. Schmitt</span> American international law scholar

Michael N. Schmitt is an American international law scholar specializing in international humanitarian law, use of force issues, and the international law applicable to cyberspace. He is Professor of Public International Law at the University of Reading, the G. Norman Lieber Distinguished Scholar at the Lieber Institute of the United States Military Academy at West Point, and the Charles H. Stockton Distinguished Scholar in Residence at the US Naval War College.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1986 Black Sea incident</span> Ship incident in the Black Sea

On March 13, 1986, the American cruiser USS Yorktown and the destroyer USS Caron tried to exercise the right of innocent passage under international law through Soviet territorial waters in the Black Sea near the southern Crimean Peninsula. They were confronted by Soviet frigate Ladny and border guard vessels Dozorny and Izmail.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Richard Reeve Baxter</span> American jurist

Richard Reeve Baxter was a widely published American jurist and from 1950 until his death the preeminent figure on the law of war. Baxter served as a judge on the International Court of Justice (1979–1980), as a professor of law at Harvard University and as an enlisted man and officer in the U.S. Army (1942–46,1948–54). He is noted for consistently favoring moves that enhanced the protections afforded to those injured or threatened by armed conflict. Baxter authored the 1956 revision of the U.S. Army Manual on the Law of Land Warfare and was a leading representative of the U.S. at the Geneva conferences that concluded the Protocols to the Geneva Conventions on the Laws of War. Baxter also, at the time of his death, was the preeminent scholar on the law of international waterways. He died of cancer one year into his term as a judge of the International Court of Justice.

Kenneth James Hagan is an American naval historian and retired faculty member of the United States Naval Academy and of the Naval War College's distance education faculty located at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California.

The Stockton Center for International Law is an American research center at the Center for Naval Warfare Studies at the Naval War College. The center is focused on original research and analysis in international law and military operations. Predominantly, the Stockton Center has been involved in the review of various military manuals under international law, including the Tallinn Manual 2.0, the San Remo Manual and the Woomera Manual. Additionally, the center is responsible for the International Law Studies Journal, the editor-in-chief of which is the current Charles H. Stockton Professor of International Law, Professor James Kraska. The center routinely organizes workshops and seminars on contemporary issues in international law.

Virginia Commentary is an informal title of a document, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982: A Commentary, providing an account of the negotiations and analysis of the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea convention articles. This seven-volume work was published between 1985 and 2011 with the goal of better understanding of the lawmaking process at the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea. The informal title is due to the University of Virginia School of Law, where, at the Center for Oceans Law and Policy, the commentary was put together.

References

  1. 1 2 "Faculty | James Kraska". www.usnwc.edu. Retrieved 2021-01-10.
  2. ↑ "James Kraska". U.S. Naval Institute. Retrieved 2021-01-10.
  3. 1 2 3 School, Harvard Law. "James Kraska | Harvard Law School" . Retrieved 2021-01-10.
  4. ↑ "James Kraska". The National Bureau of Asian Research (NBR). Retrieved 2021-01-10.
  5. ↑ "Yeosu Project, 여수국제아카데미". 여수국제아카데미. Retrieved 2021-01-10.
  6. ↑ "James's Kraska's CV or Resume" (PDF). United States Naval War College.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.