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From the first United States Congress in 1789 through the 116th Congress in 2020, 162 African Americans have served in Congress. Meanwhile, the total number of all individuals who have served in Congress over history is 12,348. Of African Americans, 152 have served in the House of Representatives, 9 have served in the Senate, and 1 has served in both chambers. Voting members have totaled 156, with 6 serving as delegates. Party membership has been, 131 Democrats, and 31 Republicans. While 13 members founded the Congressional Black Caucus in 1971 during the 92nd Congress, in the 116th Congress (2019-2020), 56 have served, with 54 Democrats and 2 Republicans.
Blanche Kelso Bruce was born into slavery in Prince Edward County, Virginia and went on to become a politician who represented Mississippi as a Republican in the United States Senate from 1875 to 1881. He was the first elected African-American senator to serve a full term.
The 1978 United States Senate election in Mississippi was held on November 5, 1978. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator James Eastland decided to retire. Republican Thad Cochran won the open seat.
Reverend Romulus Moore was a politician and leader of the early civil rights movement after the American Civil War during the Reconstruction Era in the U.S. state of Georgia. An African American, Moore was elected to the state legislature in 1868. Moore was expelled from the legislature in 1868 along with other African Americans and reinstated in the Georgia General Assembly in 1870 by an Act of Congress. Reverend Moore was active in advocating the 15th Amendment to the United States Constitution.
William A. Guilford was a businessman and state legislator from Upson County, Georgia. Guilford was a representative to Georgia's constitutional congress in 1868 and was an elected representative in Georgia's assembly during the 1868–1870 term. He was a Republican. William Guilford's father, Guilford Speer, had operated a harness and shoe shop in Thomaston, Upson County, since at least the 1840s, and was a founding organizer of St. Mary's A.M.E. Church. William Guilford opened a barber shop in Thomaston, and was involved in organizing the county's annual Emancipation Day celebration, still observed on or about 19 May each year.
The "Original 33" were the first 33 African-American members of the Georgia General Assembly who were elected to office in 1868, during the Reconstruction era. They were among the first African-American state legislators in the United States. Twenty-four of the members were ministers.
Marshall Harvey Twitchell was a Union Army soldier from Vermont who became a prominent political figure in Louisiana's post-war Reconstruction, including two terms as a Republican member of the Louisiana State Senate.
Elias Evander Dickson was a state senator in South Carolina serving during the Reconstruction era. He served as chairman of the committee on agriculture. He was white.
Benjamin F. Livingston was a politician, grocer, and brick mason in the United States. An African American, he was born into slavery. After emancipation, he was appointed a County Commissioner for Jackson County, Florida, serving from 1868 until 1870. He served from 1871 until 1875 in the Florida House of Representatives representing Jackson County, Florida during the Reconstruction era. While there he voted for a civil rights bill in 1873.
Ellis Forrest was a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives during the Reconstruction era. He represented Orangeburg.
George Linder was a reverend and state representative in Georgia. He was elected to represent Laurens County in the Georgia House of Representatives during the Reconstruction era but was expelled along with the other elected African Americans. He and other African Americans were expelled. He was documented as a farmworker.
William V. Turner was a state representative in Alabama during the Reconstruction era. He testified about intimidation and balloting issues in 1871. He represented Elmore County. He campaigned for U.S. Senator George E. Spencer and was accused of receiving patronage positions in exchange. He was a school teacher in Wetumpka and an organizer in the Union League.
Nimrod Snoddy was an A. M. E. preacher who served in the Alabama Legislature during the Reconstruction era. He was elected to the Alabama House of Representatives in 1876 representing Greene County, Alabama. He held substantial property in 1870 and was living in Greene County, Alabama.
Datus Ensing Coon was a newspaper publisher, commander of a brigade of Iowa volunteers in the Union Army, a planter and state politician in Alabama, a delegate to the 1875 Alabama Constitutional Convention, and a fraternal order of veterans president in San Diego, California. He served as a state legislator during the Reconstruction era in Alabama. representing Dallas County, Alabama in the Alabama House of Representatives. He served on investigating committee evaluating corruption allegations against U.S. Senator George E. Spencer.
William D. Gaskin was a state legislator in Alabama during the Reconstruction era. He represented Lowndes County in the Alabama House of Representatives. He was documented as living in an area served by the Manack, Alabama post office.
John R. Scott Jr. was a pastor in the A. M. E. Church, served as president of Edward Waters College, held local political offices in Jacksonville, Florida, and served as a state representatives. The Florida Archives have a photo of him. His father John R. Scott Sr. was also a leader in the A.M.E. church who served as a state representative in Florida.
Not to be confused with Virginia state senator Richard H. Black
References
- ↑ Edmund L. Drago (1982). Black Politicians and Reconstruction in Georgia: A Splendid Failure. University of Georgia Press. pp. 38–. ISBN 978-0-8203-1438-9.
- ↑ "United States Congressional serial set". U.S. Government Printing Office. December 16, 1869 – via Google Books.
- ↑ Senate, United States (December 16, 1871). "Senate Documents". U.S. Government Printing Office – via Google Books.
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