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Discussions of race and intelligence – specifically regarding claims of differences in intelligence along racial lines – have appeared in both popular science and academic research since the modern concept of race was first introduced. With the inception of IQ testing in the early 20th century, differences in average test performance between racial groups were observed, though these differences have fluctuated and in many cases steadily decreased over time. Complicating the issue, modern science has concluded that race is a socially constructed phenomenon rather than a biological reality, and there exist various conflicting definitions of intelligence. In particular, the validity of IQ testing as a metric for human intelligence is disputed. Today, the scientific consensus is that genetics does not explain differences in IQ test performance between groups, and that observed differences are environmental in origin.
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Scientific racism, sometimes termed biological racism, is the pseudoscientific belief that the human species can be subdivided into biologically distinct taxa called "races", and that empirical evidence exists to support or justify racism, racial inferiority, or racial superiority. Before the mid-20th century, scientific racism was accepted throughout the scientific community, but it is no longer considered scientific. The division of humankind into biologically separate groups, along with the assignment of particular physical and mental characteristics to these groups through constructing and applying corresponding explanatory models, is referred to as racialism, race realism, or race science by those who support these ideas. Modern scientific consensus rejects this view as being irreconcilable with modern genetic research.
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Aurelio José Figueredo is an American evolutionary psychologist. He is a professor of psychology, Family Studies and Human Development at the University of Arizona, where he is also the director of the Ethology and Evolutionary Psychology Laboratory. He is also a member of the interdisciplinary Center for Insect Science at the University of Arizona. His major areas of research interest are the evolutionary psychology and behavioral development of life history strategy, cognition, sex, and violence in human and nonhuman animals, and the quantitative ethology and social development of insects, birds, and primates. He is known for his research on personality, such as a 1997 study in which he and James E. King developed the Chimpanzee Personality Questionnaire to measure the Big Five personality traits in chimpanzees.
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Noah Carl is a British sociologist and intelligence researcher who co-owns the The Daily Sceptic blog. He was investigated and subsequently dismissed from his position as a Toby Jackman Newton Trust Research Fellow at St Edmund's College, Cambridge after over 500 academics signed a letter repudiating his research and public stance on race and intelligence, calling it "ethically suspect and methodologically flawed", and stating their concern that "racist pseudoscience is being legitimised through association with the University of Cambridge." An investigation by the college concluded that Carl's work was "poor scholarship" which violated standards of academic integrity, and that Carl had collaborated with right-wing extremists.
OpenPsych is an online collection of three pseudoscientific open access journals covering behavioral genetics, psychology, and quantitative research in sociology. Many articles on OpenPsych promote scientific racism, and the site has been described as a "pseudoscience factory-farm". The journals were started in 2014 by a pair of nonprofessional researchers, Emil Kirkegaard and Davide Piffer, who had difficulty publishing their studies in mainstream peer-reviewed scientific journals. The website describes its contents as open peer reviewed journals, but the qualifications and neutrality of its reviewers and quality of reviews have been disputed.
References
- ↑ Amsterdam, Universiteit van. "dr. J. (Jan) te Nijenhuis". www.uva.nl. Archived from the original on 2018-03-08. Retrieved 2018-01-14.
- ↑ "Humans getting dumber over the years?". Digital Journal. 2013-06-18. Retrieved 2018-01-14.
- ↑ Jeroen Trommelen. Hoogleraar Drenth heeft kritiek op conclusies collega-onderzoeker over intelligentie allochtonen 'Geen enkele test is vrij van culturele invloeden'. De Volkskrant . January 2, 1998.
- ↑ Psycholoog trekt opnieuw nazi-wetenschap uit de kast. BNNVARA. 03-04-2019.
In addition to the usual professional publications, the psychologist also publishes in controversial publications such as Mankind Quarterly – described by the American human rights organization Southern Poverty Law Center as 'the racist pseudo-scholarly Mankind Quarterly' – in which a comeback of eugenics is openly advocated. His papers have titles such as: “Why Do Northeast Asians Win So Few Nobel Prizes?”, “Does cultural background influence the intellectual performance of children from immigrant groups?”, “Group differences in mean intelligence for Dutch and third world immigrants”, “Spearman's hypothesis tested on European Jews vs non-Jewish Whites and vs Oriental Jews: Two meta-analyses”, “Solving the puzzle of why Finns have the highest IQ, but one of the lowest number of Nobel prizes in Europe”, “Spearman's hypothesis tested on Black adults: A meta-analysis”, “Spearman's hypothesis not supported? Three meta-analyses of Black and White prisoners, Northeast Asians, and Arabs and Jews”.
- ↑ Van Der Merwe, Ben. "It might be a pseudo science, but students take the threat of eugenics seriously" . Retrieved 7 December 2018.
- ↑ https://hardhoofd.com/weerwoord-geobsedeerde-te-nijenhuis-weet-niet-wat-iq-is/
