Mankind Quarterly

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History

The journal was established in 1960 with funding from segregationists, who designed it to serve as a mouthpiece for their views. The costs of initially launching the journal were paid by the Pioneer Fund's Wickliffe Draper. [11] [12] The founders were Robert Gayre, Henry Garrett, Roger Pearson, Corrado Gini, Luigi Gedda (Honorary Advisory Board), [13] Otmar von Verschuer and Reginald Ruggles Gates. Another early editor was Herbert Charles Sanborn, [14] formerly the chair of the department of Philosophy and Psychology at Vanderbilt University from 1921 to 1942. It was originally published in Edinburgh, Scotland, by the International Association for the Advancement of Ethnology and Eugenics, an organization founded by Draper to promote eugenics and scientific racism. [11]

Its foundation was a response to the declaration by UNESCO, which dismissed the validity of race as a biological concept, and to attempts to end racial segregation in the American South. [12] [15] [13]

In 1961, physical anthropologist Juan Comas published a series of scathing critiques of the journal arguing that the journal was reproducing discredited racial ideologies, such as Nordicism and anti-Semitism, under the guise of science. [16] [17] In 1963, after the journal's first issue, contributors U. R. Ehrenfels, T. N. Madan, and Juan Comas said that the journal's editorial practice was biased and misleading. [18] In response, the journal published a series of rebuttals and attacks on Comas. [19] Comas argued in Current Anthropology that the journal's publication of A. James Gregor's review of Comas' book Racial Myths was politically motivated. Comas claimed the journal misrepresented the field of physical anthropology by adhering to outdated racial ideologies, for example by claiming that Jews were considered a "biological race" by the racial biologists of the time. Other anthropologists complained that paragraphs that did not agree with the racial ideology of the editorial board were deleted from published articles without the authors' agreement. [18] [15] : 163–164  [20] [21]

Few academic anthropologists would publish in the journal or serve on its board; when Gates died, Carleton S. Coon, an anthropologist sympathetic to the hereditarian and racialistic view of the journal, was asked to replace him, but he rejected the offer stating that "I fear that for a professional anthropologist to accept membership on your board would be the kiss of death".[ citation needed ] The journal continued to be published supported by grant money. [20] Publisher Roger Pearson received over a million dollars in grants from the Pioneer Fund in the 1980s and 1990s. [8] [22] [23]

During the " Bell Curve wars" of the 1990s, the journal received attention when opponents of The Bell Curve publicised the fact that some of the works cited by Bell Curve authors Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray had first been published in Mankind Quarterly. [8] In The New York Review of Books , Charles Lane referred to The Bell Curve's "tainted sources", that seventeen researchers cited in the book's bibliography had contributed articles to, and ten of these seventeen had also been editors of, Mankind Quarterly, "a notorious journal of 'racial history' founded, and funded, by men who believe in the genetic superiority of the white race." [24]

The journal has been published by the Ulster Institute for Social Research since January 2015, when publication duties were transferred from (Roger) Pearson's Council for Social and Economic Studies (which had published the journal since 1979). [25]

Editors

As of 2023 the editor-in-chief was Gerhard Meisenberg. [26] Previous editors include Roger Pearson, [27] Edward Dutton, [28] and Richard Lynn. [29]

Publisher

The Mankind Quarterly was published by the Ulster Institute for Social Research, which was presided over by Richard Lynn until his death in 2023. [30] [29]

As of 2024, Mankind Quarterly is published by the white nationalist Human Diversity Foundation founded by Danish far-right activist Emil Kirkegaard. [10] The Foundation also publishes the Aporia Magazine . [10]

Emil Kirkegaard, a white supremacist and founder of the OpenPsych journal was the registrant of the Mankind Quarterly website between 2017 and February 2023, after which the WHOIS was anonymised. [31] [32] In February 2024, Kirkegaard filed his Mankind Publishing House LLC with the state of Wyoming. [32]

Reception

Mankind Quarterly has been described as a "cornerstone of the scientific racism establishment", a "white supremacist journal", [33] an "infamous racist journal", and "scientific racism's keepers of the flame". [8] [6] [7] The journal has been criticised as being both overtly political and strongly right-leaning, [34] supporting eugenics, [35] racist or fascist. [36] [37]

Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:

See also

Related Research Articles

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References

  1. ↑ Bastek, Stephanie (9 August 2019). "Junk Science". The American Scholar.
  2. ↑ Saini, Angela. "Why race science is on the rise again". The Guardian. pp. 18 May 2019.
  3. ↑ Bothwell, Ellie (11 January 2018). "UCL launches investigation into secret eugenics conference". Times Higher Education.
  4. ↑ Gresson, Aaron; Kincheloe, Joe L.; Steinberg, Shirley R., eds. (14 March 1997). Measured Lies: The Bell Curve Examined (1st St. Martin's Griffin ed.). St. Martin's Press. p. 39. ISBN   978-0-312-17228-2.
  5. ↑ Jackson Jr., John P.; Winston, Andrew S. (7 October 2020). "The Mythical Taboo on Race and Intelligence" . Review of General Psychology. 25 (1): 3–26. doi:10.1177/1089268020953622. S2CID   225143131.
  6. 1 2 Ibrahim G. Aoudé, The ethnic studies story: politics and social movements in Hawaiʻi, University of Hawaii Press, 1999, p. 111.
  7. 1 2 Kenneth Leech, Race, Church Publishing, Inc., 2005, p. 14.
  8. 1 2 3 4 Tucker, William H. (2002). The funding of scientific racism: Wickliffe Draper and the Pioneer Fund. University of Illinois Press. ISBN   978-0-252-07463-9.
  9. ↑ Winston, Andrew S. (29 May 2020). "Scientific Racism and North American Psychology" . Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Psychology. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190236557.013.516. ISBN   978-0-19-023655-7.
  10. 1 2 3 Shukman, Harry; Hermansson, Patrik (2024). "Race Science Inc. Undercover in The Human Diversity Foundation, the million-dollar race science company". Hope Not Hate. Archived from the original on 16 October 2024. HDF has incorporated the Pioneer Fund's old operations. In private conversations with our infiltrator, HDF leaders said "we have" Mankind Quarterly. On an internal slide deck prepared by the company, Mankind Quarterly was similarly listed as part of HDF's operations... The team aims to slip papers into academic journals with higher impact and circulation than their own publications. If unable to do so, HDF will publish the group's papers in their print journal Mankind Quarterly or the OpenPsych website, which has been described as "a pseudoscience factory-farm".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. 1 2 Schaffer, G. (2 September 2008). Racial Science and British Society, 1930-62. Springer. pp. 142–3. ISBN   9780230582446.
  12. 1 2 Schaffer, Gavin (2007). ""'Scientific' Racism Again?": Reginald Gates, the "Mankind Quarterly" and the Question of "Race" in Science after the Second World War". Journal of American Studies. 41 (2): 253–278. doi:10.1017/S0021875807003477. JSTOR   27557994. S2CID   145322934. The Mankind Quarterly was designed as an objective foil to the folly of UNESCO and "post-racial" science.
  13. 1 2 Cassata F (2008). "Against UNESCO: Gedda, Gini and American scientific racism". Med Secoli. 20 (3): 907–935. PMID   19848223.
  14. ↑ "History and Philosophy". Mankind Quarterly. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 22 September 2015– via Internet Archive.
  15. 1 2 Jackson, John P. (2005). Science for Segregation: Race, Law, and the Case against Brown v. Board of Education . NYU Press. ISBN   978-0-8147-4271-6. While the IAAEE scientists were deep into the fight to preserve racial segregation in the American South, they were also involved in a battle on a different front. They had launched their own journal, Mankind Quarterly, which purported to be dedicated to an open discussion of the scientific study of racial issues.: 148 
  16. ↑ Comas Juan (1961). ""Scientific" Racism Again?". Current Anthropology . 2 (4): 303–340. doi:10.1086/200208. S2CID   144747308.
  17. ↑ Comas Juan (1962). "More on "Scientific" Racism". Current Anthropology. 3 (3): 284–302. doi:10.1086/200293. S2CID   144911990.
  18. 1 2 Ehrenfels, U. R.; Madan, T. N.; Comas, J. (1962). "Mankind Quarterly Under Heavy Criticism: 3 Comments on Editorial Practices". Current Anthropology. 3 (2): 154–158. doi:10.1086/200265. JSTOR   2739528. S2CID   143606207.
  19. ↑ Gates, R. R. & Gregor, A. J. (1963). "Mankind Quarterly: Gates and Gregor Reply to Critics". Current Anthropology. 4 (1): 119–121. doi:10.1086/200345. JSTOR   2739826. S2CID   144086425.
  20. 1 2 Paul A. Erickson, Liam Donat Murphy. 2013. Readings for A History of Anthropological Theory. University of Toronto Press, p. 534.
  21. ↑ Harrison G. Ainsworth (1961). "The Mankind Quarterly". Man. 61: 163–164. doi:10.2307/2796948. JSTOR   2796948.
  22. ↑ Mehler, Barry (7 July 1998). Race Science and the Pioneer Fund Archived 17 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine Originally published as "The Funding of the Science" in Searchlight, No. 277.
  23. ↑ Genoves, Santiago (8 December 1961). "Racism and "The Mankind Quarterly"". Science . 134 (3493): 1928–1932. Bibcode:1961Sci...134.1928G. doi:10.1126/science.134.3493.1928. ISSN   1095-9203. PMID   17831127.
  24. ↑ Weyher, Harry F.; Lane, Charles (2 February 1995). "'The Bell Curve' and Its Sources". The New York Review of Books .
  25. ↑ Editorial Panel, Mankind Quarterly, retrieved 19 September 2023.
  26. ↑ "Mankind Quarterly - About". 1 April 2023. Archived from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
  27. ↑ Schaffer, Gavin (5 July 2007). ""'Scientific' Racism Again?":1 Reginald Gates, the Mankind Quarterly and the Question of "Race" in Science after the Second World War" . Journal of American Studies. 41 (2): 253–278. doi:10.1017/S0021875807003477. ISSN   1469-5154. S2CID   145322934.
  28. ↑ Internet Archive capture of Mankind Quarterly's directory from 28 March 2019.
  29. 1 2 Obituaries, Telegraph (31 August 2023). "Richard Lynn, evolutionary psychologist who declared his belief in the benefits of eugenics – obituary". The Telegraph. ISSN   0307-1235 . Retrieved 23 January 2024– via www.telegraph.co.uk.
  30. ↑ "Home Page". Ulster Institute for Social Research. Archived from the original on 29 March 2022. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
  31. ↑ Wilson, Jason (2024). "Scientist cited in push to oust Harvard's Claudine Gay has links to eugenicists". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 29 May 2024.
  32. 1 2 Wolfson, Leo (2024). "White Supremacist Who Wants Legal Child Porn Doing Business Through Wyoming LLC". Cowboy State Daily. Archived from the original on 24 May 2024.
  33. ↑ Gresson, Aaron; Kincheloe, Joe L.; Steinberg, Shirley R., eds. (14 March 1997). Measured Lies: The Bell Curve Examined (1st St. Martin's Griffin ed.). St. Martin's Press. p. 39. ISBN   978-0-312-17228-2.
  34. ↑ e.g., Arvidsson, Stefan (2006), Aryan Idols: Indo-European Mythology as Ideology and Science, translated by Sonia Wichmann, Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.
  35. ↑ Mehler, Barry (December 1989). "Foundation for fascism: The new eugenics movement in the United States". Patterns of Prejudice . 23 (4): 17–25. doi:10.1080/0031322X.1989.9970026.
  36. ↑ Schaffer, Gavin (2008). Racial science and British society, 1930–62. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  37. ↑ Gelb, Steven A. (1997). "Heart of Darkness: The Discreet Charm of the Hereditarian Psychologist". The Review of Education/Pedagogy/Cultural Studies. 19 (1): 129–139. doi:10.1080/1071441970190110.
  38. ↑ "Title and Product Update Lists". ATLA Religion Database . American Theological Library Association . Retrieved 4 January 2019.
  39. 1 2 3 "Mankind Quarterly". MIAR: Information Matrix for the Analysis of Journals. University of Barcelona . Retrieved 4 January 2019.
  40. ↑ "Source details: Mankind Quarterly". Scopus preview. Elsevier . Retrieved 4 January 2019.

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