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The Ranoidea are a superfamily of frogs in the order Anura. Members of this superfamily are characterised by having the pectoral girdle fused into a single complex unit, having no ribs, and using an axillary grip during amplexus. The larvae have a single spiracle on the left side and complex mouthparts, or in some species, undergo direct development. The taxonomy of these families has been under heavy debate for many years. In recent studies, molecular data has been used to better identify the phylogentic relationships of these frogs, rearranging and introducing new subfamilies to better distinguish between large groups of frogs.
Gosner stage is a generalized system of describing stages of embryonal and larval development in anurans. The Gosner system includes 46 numbered stages, from fertilized embryo to the completion of metamorphosis. It was introduced by Kenneth Gosner in 1960. The system is widely used in herpetology to describe exotrophic tadpoles. Gosner stages are based on certain morphological landmarks that allow comparing development in different species that may greatly differ in age or size.
References
- ↑ Media, Biology Social. "Janalee P. Caldwell". www.ou.edu. Retrieved 2024-12-29.
- ↑ White, Heidi (2006-06-16). "News Science kits made for girls". The Daily Nebraskan. Retrieved 2024-12-29.
- ↑ "TROPICAL TREE FROG COMMUNITIES: PATTERNS OF REPRODUCTION, SIZE, AND UTILIZATION OF STRUCTURAL HABITAT. – ProQuest". www.proquest.com. Retrieved 2024-12-29.
- ↑ "American Archive of Public Broadcasting Search Results". americanarchive.org. Retrieved 2024-12-29.
- ↑ "NSF Award Search: Award # 9909496 – Wonderwise 4-H". www.nsf.gov. Retrieved 2024-12-29.
- ↑ Vitt, Laurie J.; Caldwell, Janalee P. (2014). Herpetology: an introductory biology of amphibians and reptiles (Fourth ed.). Amsterdam ; Boston: Elsevier, AP, Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-12-386919-7. OCLC 839312807.
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