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Balochistan is a province of Pakistan. Located in the southwestern region of the country, Balochistan is the largest province of Pakistan by land area but is the least populated one. It is bordered by the Pakistani provinces of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the north-east, Punjab to the east and Sindh to the south-east; shares international borders with Iran to the west and Afghanistan to the north; and is bound by the Arabian Sea to the south. Balochistan is an extensive plateau of rough terrain divided into basins by ranges of sufficient heights and ruggedness. It has the world's largest deep sea port, the Port of Gwadar lying in the Arabian Sea.
Makran, also mentioned in some sources as Mecran and Mokrān, is the southern coastal region of Balochistan. It is a semi-desert coastal strip in the Balochistan province in Pakistan and in Iran, along the coast of the Gulf of Oman. It extends westwards, from the Sonmiani Bay to the northwest of Karachi in the east, to the fringes of the region of Bashkardia/Bāšgerd in the southern part of the Sistan and Baluchestan province of modern Iran. Makrān is thus bisected by the modern political boundary between Pakistan and Iran.
The Baloch or Baluch are a nomadic, pastoral, ethnic group which speaks the Western Iranic Balochi language and is native to the Balochistan region of South and Western Asia, encompassing the countries of Pakistan, Iran, and Afghanistan. There are also Baloch diaspora communities in neighbouring regions, including in Central Asia, and the Arabian Peninsula.
The history of Balochistan refers to the history of the Balochistan region of Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan. Vague allusions to the region were found in Greek historical records of around 650 BCE. Prehistoric Balochistan dates to the Paleolithic.
The Khanate of Kalat, also called the BrahuiConfederacy, was a Brahui Khanate that originated in the modern-day Kalat region of Pakistan, ruled over by the Brahui Ahmadzai dynasty till 1948. Formed in 1666 due to the threat of Mughal expansion in the region, it controlled the wider Balochistan at its greatest extent in the mid-18th century, extending from Kerman in the west to Sindh in the east and from Helmand River in the north to the Arabian Sea in the south. The Khanate of Kalat lost considerable area to Qajar Iran and the Emirate of Afghanistan in the early 19th century, and the city of Kalat was itself sacked by the British in 1839.
Las Bela was a princely state in a subsidiary alliance with British India which existed until 1955. The state occupied an area of 18,254 km2 (7,048 sq mi) in the extreme southeast of the Balochistan region, with an extensive coastline on the Arabian Sea to the south. Las Bela was bordered by the princely states of Kalat and Makran to the north and west. To the east lay the province of Sind and to the southeast lay the Federal Capital Territory around the city of Karachi.
Makran was an autonomous princely state in a subsidiary alliance with British India until 1947, before being absorbed as an autonomous princely state of Pakistan. It ceased to exist in 1955. It was located in the extreme southwest of present-day Pakistan, an area now parts of the districts of Gwadar, Kech and Panjgur. The state did not include the enclave of Omani Gwadar, which was under Omani rule until 1958.
Bizenjo is a Brahui speaking clan in Balochistan, Pakistan. It was originally one of the four Jat (Jadgal) tribes inhabiting the region; the other three being Zehri, Mengal and Sajdi. Though the Bizenjo in eastern Makran are Brahuis by origin, they have been Baluchified in language and customs due to a prolonged residence in Makran.
Mengal are a Brahui speaking clan in Balochistan, Pakistan. Mengal was originally one of the four Jat (Jadgal) tribes inhabiting Balochistan; the other three being Zehri, Bizenjo and Sajdi.
Balochistan, also spelled Baluchistan or Baluchestan, is a historical region in Western and South Asia, located in the Iranian plateau's far southeast and bordering the Indian Plate and the Arabian Sea coastline. This arid region of desert and mountains is primarily populated by ethnic Baloch people.
The Anglo-Marri Wars is the name given to three major military conflicts between the Marri Baloch tribesmen and the British Empire in the independent eastern Baloch tribal belt. The conflicts took place in the 19th and 20th centuries, specifically in 1840, 1880, and 1917.
Jaḍgālī is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Jadgal, an ethno-linguistic group of Pakistan and Iran also spoken by few hundreds in Oman. It is one of only two Indo-Aryan languages found on the Iranian plateau. It is a dialect of Sindhi language most closely related to Lasi.
Mir Ahmad Yar Khan Ahmedzai (1902–1979), commonly referred to as Ahmad Yar Khan, was the last Khan of Kalat, a princely state in a subsidiary alliance with British India and the Dominion of Pakistan, serving from 10 September 1933 to 14 October 1955.
Al-Balushi is a surname common in Gulf Arab states mainly derived from the term Balochi, typically denoting Baloch ancestry from Balochistan (Pakistan/Iran).
Mashwani is Arab origin tribe mainly settled in different parts of Pakistan and Afghanistan, in addition to some other neighboring regions. They are Afghans by adoption and Arabs by descent. They use Mashwani, Banuri, Ludin, Kazmi, Roghani, Jafari as their surnames. Mashwanis played a vital role in fighting against Sikh Khalsa army.
Noora Mengal Urdu was a Baloch freedom fighter of Jhalawan (southern) Balochistan, Pakistan who continuously fought against British dominance for nine years. His full name was Noor Muhammad Pahlwanzai Mengal. He was the head of Pahlwanzai subcaste of Mengal tribe of Pallimas Valley Wadh District Khuzdar Balochistan.
The Jadgal is an Indo-Aryan ethno-linguistic group which speaks the Jadgali language. Jadgals are present in the Balochistan region of Iran and Pakistan, as well as in Oman.
Babbar, Babur, Babar is a Baloch tribe which lives in Northern Sindh, Makran and Dera Ghazi Khan division of Punjab. The Mughal author "Yūsuf Mīrak" described the Babbars in his historical account of Sindh the "Tareekh E Mazhar Shah Jahani", as a rebellious Baloch tribe inhabiting the Kirthar mountains westwards of present day Jamshoro district of Sindh.
The Sindhis of Balochistan are an indigenous Sindhi population living in Balochistan, Pakistan.
Gichki or Gitchki is a Rajput tribe living in the Makran region of Pakistan and Iran. The tribe, initially settled in the Gichk valley of Panjgur and now mostly Balochi-speaking, formed ruling class of the state of Makran from 1740 until 1955.
References
- ↑ Khan, Sabir Badal (2013). Two Essays on Baloch History and Folklore: Two Essays on Baloch History and Folklore. Università di Napoli, "l'Orientale". p. 61.
- ↑ Baluchistan (Pakistan) (1979). Balochistan Through the Ages: Tribes (reprint ed.). Nisa Traders (sole distributors Gosha-e-Adab).
- ↑ Sir Richard Francis Burton (1898). William Henry Wilkins (ed.). The Jew, The Gypsy and El Islam. H. S. Stone. p. 215.
- ↑ Westphal-Hellbusch, Sigrid; Westphal, Heinz (1986). The Jat of Pakistan. Lok Virsa.
- ↑ "Oman's Diverse Society: Northern Oman" (PDF). JE Peterson.
- ↑ Baluch, Muhammad Sardar Khan (1977). History of Baluch Race and Baluchistan. Gosha-e-Adab : distributors Nisa Trader. p. 268.
...Bizanjo, Mengal, Sajdi and Zehri as Jadgal or Jats...
- ↑ "The Brahuis are not Brahuis". Araingang.
- ↑ ʻAlī, Anṡārī ʻAlī Sher (1901). A Short Sketch, Historical and Traditional, of the Musalman Races Found in Sind, Baluchistan and Afghanistan, Their Genealogical Sub-divisions and Septs, Together with an Ethnological and Ethnographical Account. Printed at the Commissioner's Press.
- ↑ Mayaram, Shail (2003). Against history, against state : counterperspectives from the margins. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-12730-8. OCLC 52203150.