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Organizational theory refers to a series of interrelated concepts that involve the sociological study of the structures and operations of formal social organizations. Organizational theory also seeks to explain how interrelated units of organization either connect or do not connect with each other. Organizational theory also concerns understanding how groups of individuals behave, which may differ from the behavior of an individual. The behavior organizational theory often focuses on is goal-directed. Organizational theory covers both intra-organizational and inter-organizational fields of study.
Organizational behavior or organisational behaviour is the: "study of human behavior in organizational settings, the interface between human behavior and the organization, and the organization itself". Organizational behavioral research can be categorized in at least three ways:
A contingency theory is an organizational theory that claims that there is no best way to organize a corporation, to lead a company, or to make decisions. Instead, the optimal course of action is contingent (dependent) upon the internal and external situation. Contingent leaders are flexible in choosing and adapting to succinct strategies to suit change in situation at a particular period in time in the running of the organization.
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The history of contingency theories of leadership goes back over more than 100 years, with foundational ideas rooted in the mechanical thought of Taylorism. Later, management science began to recognize the influence of sometimes irrational human perceptions on worker performance. This led to taxonomies of leadership behavior and to contingency theories to adapt leadership behavior to the situation.
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Louis Truitt Wells, Jr. is an American academic, consultant and the Herbert F. Johnson Professor of International Management, Emeritis, at the Harvard Business School. He is known for his work on management of multinational corporations, the economic environment in which they operate, and their relations with governments of developing countries..
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Jay B. Barney is an American professor in strategic management at the University of Utah.
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Mark Sheldon Mizruchi is the Robert Cooley Angell Collegiate Professor of Sociology and Barger Family Professor of Organizational Studies at the University of Michigan. He also holds an appointment as Professor of Management and Organizations at the University of Michigan Ross School of Business. His research has focused on the political activity of the U.S. corporate elite over the 20th and 21st centuries. He was influential in the development of social network analysis, and has published research in the fields of organizational theory, economic sociology, and political sociology.
References
- ↑ The John S. Bowman (1995) "Jay William Lorsch" in Cambridge Dictionary of American. Cambridge University Press.
- ↑ Jay W. Lorsch. Louis E. Kirstein Professor of Human Relations
- ↑ James I. Cash, Paul R. Lawrence, J. F. Nunamaker (1989) Harvard Business School Research Colloquium. p. 68
