Jean-Claude Creusot (born 24 May 1826, Ferdrupt) was a French cotton spinner active in the workers' movement in Rouen.
Ferdrupt is a commune in the Vosges department in Grand Est in northeastern France.
The French are an ethnic group and nation who are identified with the country of France. This connection may be ethnic, legal, historical, or cultural.
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure cellulose. Under natural conditions, the cotton bolls will increase the dispersal of the seeds.
Jeaqn Claude was the son of André Cresot, a day labourer and Marie Rose Perron. [1] He married Zoé Henriette Peltier in Rouen on 23 February 1852. They had a daughter, Marie Henriette Creusot, who also became a spinner. [2]
Creusot was active in the International Workingmen's Association and attended the Basle Congress (1869) as a delegate of the Federation. On 31 August 1870 he was sentenced to 3 months in prison for participating in an unauthorised organisation of over 20 people, but was then given an amnesty when the French Third Republic was declared a few days later on 4 September. He then joined the Comité de Vigilance.
The International Workingmen's Association (IWA), often called the First International (1864–1876), was an international organisation which aimed at uniting a variety of different left-wing socialist, communist and anarchist groups and trade unions that were based on the working class and class struggle. It was founded in 1864 in a workmen's meeting held in St. Martin's Hall, London. Its first congress was held in 1866 in Geneva.
The French Third Republic was the system of government adopted in France from 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War, until 10 July 1940 after France's defeat by Nazi Germany in World War II led to the formation of the Vichy government in France.
He was active in the Federation of Rouen Workers and on 24 April 1871 joined them in issuing a manifesto supporting the Paris Commune. He was arrested the next day for this. [3] However it was never established whether he had done so. Later he retired to Saint-Amé, Vosges. [4]
The Federation of Rouen Workers was set up in 1866 as a local branch of the International Workingmen's Association. Émile Aubry, a local printer, was the corresponding secretary.
The Paris Commune was a radical socialist and revolutionary government that ruled Paris from 18 March to 28 May 1871. The Franco-Prussian War had led to the capture of Emperor Napoleon III in September 1870, the collapse of the Second French Empire, and the beginning of the Third Republic. Because Paris was under siege for four months, the Third Republic moved its capital to Tours. A hotbed of working-class radicalism, Paris was primarily defended during this time by the often politicised and radical troops of the National Guard rather than regular Army troops. Paris surrendered to the Prussians on 28 January 1871, and in February Adolphe Thiers, the new chief executive of the French national government, signed an armistice with Prussia that disarmed the Army but not the National Guard.
Saint-Amé is a commune in the Vosges department in Grand Est in northeastern France.
