Jean Canappe

Last updated

Jean Canappe (sometimes written Jean Canape) (1495- after 1558) was a French physician who was attached to Francis I of France in 1542. He sometimes wrote under the pseudonym Philiatros and was known because he contributed to the transmission of medical and surgical knowledge in French with Pierre Tolet.

Contents

Biography

Jean Canappe was born in 1495. [1] He was principal at the Collège de la Trinité in Lyon from 1528 to 1530 [2] and obtained his medical degree at the University of Montpellier in 1530 in one of the two classes which constituted the "cercle des anticques amys" of Rabelais": Nostradamus, Pierre Tolet, Jacobus Sylvius and Guillaume Rondelet for 1529 and Jean Canappe, Charles des Marais and Antoine Champier for 1530. [3] He worked with Symphorien Champier at the College of Medicine in Lyon and became a friend of Ambroise Paré for whom he translated several books by Galen. [4] Public reader of the surgeons-barbers in Lyon in 1538 [5] he was the "abbreviator" of Guy de Chauliac himself considered as the father of medical surgery, a profession then reserved to barbers. [6]

Works

Canappe undertook to give lessons in surgery in French [7] [8] and to translate into French anatomical and medical books in Latin and Greek because surgery was not taught in French at that time. In this way he provided written and oral instructions to the barbers of his time, who also practised surgery. These men, who had not received a brilliant education, could not draw surgical knowledge from works written in Latin and there were few surgical books in French at the time. Latin remained the language of knowledge, but translations of the great ancient authors (Galen, Hippocrates) then appeared to accompany the development of medical knowledge and the publication of works. [9] Against some doctors who thought that the translation of ancient Latin works into French would distort medicine, these humanist doctors argued that translation into the vernacular would, on the contrary, allow new progress in health and public health: barber-surgeons could add to their manual skills, an ancient surgical knowledge confronted with their actual practice. [10]

"If you want a servant to follow your orders, you can't give them in an unknown tongue."

— Pierre Tolet [11]

Canape increased the number of translated books and thus helped to train surgeons. [12] Ambroise Paré was one of them. [13]

"Je ne veulx m'arroger que j'aye leu Galien parlant grec, ou latin. Car na pleu à Dieu tant de faire de grâce en ma ieunesse qu'elle aye esté de l'une et l'autre langue instituée. Mais aussi ne vouldroys aucunement dissimuler que i'ai apris lesdictz documents de Galien par l'interprétation Française de Monsieur Maître Jean Canape docteur régent en la Faculté de Médecine faisant la demeurance à Lyon."
“I do not want to claim that I have read Galen speaking Greek or Latin. For it has not pleased God so much to make Grace in my youth that it has been in either language instituted. But also I would not want to conceal in any way that I learned the said documents of Galen by Mr. Master Jean Canape, Regent Doctor in the Faculty of Medicine, living in Lyon."

— Ambroise Paré [14] [15]

Canappe translated several of Galen's books from Greek into French, such as:

as well as Latin medical books in French:

He also wrote:

Jean Canappe's disciple was Pierre Tolet who was also linked with Rabelais. [4]

In January 1539, Étienne Dolet wrote him the following letter:

"Estienne Dolet à Maistre Jehan Canappe, Docteur en Médecine, Salut.

Sache Amy, que l'utilité que j'ay congneu proceder des Livres de Galien. C'est assavoir le III, IIII, V, VI, XIII et XIIII, de la Methode Therapeutique, avec le Second de l'Art Curatoire a Glaucon lesquels m'as baillé, sur foy de les mettre fidelement en lumiere, m'a induit (avec l'amytié que je te porte) d'y vacquer en la sorte, que telz Œuvres requierent. Et soulz le Privileige, que le Roy m'a donné, maintenant sortent en lumière. Prendz donc en gré mon labeur : et ne te lasse en ton endroict, de proffiter au bien public Literaire."

De Lyon ce XXV de janvier 1539." [18]

Related Research Articles

François Rabelais 16th-century French writer and humanist

François Rabelais was a French Renaissance writer, physician, Renaissance humanist, monk and Greek scholar. He is primarily known as a writer of satire, of the grotesque, and of bawdy jokes and songs.

Jean du Bellay 16th-century French Catholic cardinal

Jean du Bellay was a French diplomat and cardinal, a younger brother of Guillaume du Bellay, and cousin and patron of the poet Joachim du Bellay. He was bishop of Bayonne by 1526, member of the Conseil privé of King Francis I from 1530, and bishop of Paris from 1532. He became Bishop of Ostia and Dean of the College of Cardinals in 1555.

Étienne Dolet 16th-century French scholar

Étienne Dolet was a French scholar, translator and printer. Dolet was a controversial figure throughout his lifetime. His early attacks upon the Inquisition, the city council and other authorities in Toulouse, together with his later publications in Lyon treating of theological subjects, roused the French Inquisition to monitor his activities closely. After being imprisoned several times, he was eventually convicted of heresy, strangled and burned with his books due to the combined efforts of the parlement of Paris, the Inquisition, and the theological faculty of the Sorbonne.

Marin Marais French composer and viol player (1656–1728)

Marin Marais was a French composer and viol player. He studied composition with Jean-Baptiste Lully, often conducting his operas, and with master of the bass viol Monsieur de Sainte-Colombe for six months. In 1676 he was hired as a musician to the royal court of Versailles and was moderately successful there, being appointed in 1679 as ordinaire de la chambre du roy pour la viole, a title he kept until 1725.

Didot is the name of a family of French printers, punch-cutters and publishers. Through its achievements and advancements in printing, publishing and typography, the family has lent its name to typographic measurements developed by François-Ambroise Didot and the Didot typeface developed by Firmin Didot. The Didot company of France was ultimately incorporated into the modern CPI printing group.

Clément Janequin was a French composer of the Renaissance. He was one of the most famous composers of popular chansons of the entire Renaissance, and along with Claudin de Sermisy, was hugely influential in the development of the Parisian chanson, especially the programmatic type. The wide spread of his fame was made possible by the concurrent development of music printing.

French Renaissance literature is, for the purpose of this article, literature written in French from the French invasion of Italy in 1494 to 1600, or roughly the period from the reign of Charles VIII of France to the ascension of Henry IV of France to the throne. The reigns of Francis I and his son Henry II are generally considered the apex of the French Renaissance. After Henry II's unfortunate death in a joust, the country was ruled by his widow Catherine de' Medici and her sons Francis II, Charles IX and Henry III, and although the Renaissance continued to flourish, the French Wars of Religion between Huguenots and Catholics ravaged the country.

Sebastian Gryphius

Sebastian Gryphius was a German bookseller-printer and humanist.

Henri-Jean Martin was a leading authority on the history of the book in Europe, and an expert on the history of writing and printing. He was a leader in efforts to promote libraries in France, and the history of libraries and printing.

Kilien Stengel

Kilien Stengel, is a French gastronomic author, restaurateur, and cookbook writer. He has worked at Gidleigh Park, Nikko Hotels, Georges V Hotel in Paris, and in a number of Relais & Châteaux restaurants. He was a teacher of gastronomy at the Académie of Paris and of Orléans-Tours. Stengel works at the European Institute for the History and Culture of Food at François Rabelais University. He is captain of a culinary book fair, en directot of a collection book. Usually, he work for Ministère de l'Éducation nationale teacher competition, Meilleur Ouvrier de France award, and Masterchef France. In 2015 his PhD in information science was supervised by J-J. Boutaud.

Michel de Marolles French churchman and translator

Michel de Marolles, known as the abbé de Marolles, was a French churchman and translator, known for his collection of old master prints. He became a monk in 1610 and later was abbot of Villeloin (1626–1674). He was the author of many translations of Latin poets and was part of many salons, notably that of Madeleine de Scudéry. He is best known for having collected 123,000 prints - this acquisition is considered the foundation of the cabinet of prints in the royal library, though it was only constituted as a department in 1720.

Dominique Varry is a French historian of books and professor at École nationale supérieure des sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques, part of the University of Lyon.

André du Laurens French physician

André du Laurens, was a French physician.

Unicorn horn Legendary object in European and Asian cultures

A unicorn horn, also known as an alicorn, is a legendary object whose reality was accepted in Europe and Asia from the earliest recorded times. This "horn" comes from the creature known as a unicorn, also known in the Hebrew Bible as a re'em or wild ox. Many healing powers and antidotal virtues were attributed to the alicorn, making it one of the most expensive and reputable remedies during the Renaissance, and justifying its use in the highest circles. Beliefs related to the alicorn influenced alchemy through spagyric medicine. The horn's purificational properties were eventually put to the test in, for example, the book of Ambroise Paré, Discourse on unicorn.

Pierre Desrey de Troyes was a French chronicler, historian, genealogist and translator. Relatively little is known of his life, but his work is of value to historians.

Georges-Henri Bousquet was a 20th-century French jurist, economist and Islamologist. He was Professor of law at the Faculty of Law of the University of Algiers where he was a specialist in the sociology of North Africa. He is also known for his translation work of the great Muslim authors, Al-Ghazali, a theologian who died in 1111 and Tunisian historian Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406). He was known as a polyglot, spoke several European languages and Eastern ones.

Jean-Pierre Mahé

Jean-Pierre Mahé is a French orientalist, philologist and historian of Caucasus, and a specialist of Armenian studies.

Robert Marichal, was a 20th-century French palaeographer and archivist.

Jean Tagault or Jean Tagaut was a French physician and anatomist known for his surgical work and for having fought against Michel Servet who defended judicial astrology and divination as sciences. He is often confused with his son Jean Tagaut, a doctor and poet.

Pierre Tolet or Petrus Toletus was a French physician who, together with Jean Canappe contributed to the transmission of medical and surgical knowledge in French.

References

  1. ↑ Dauzat, Albert (1950). Le Français moderne (in French). Vol. 18. Éditions d'Artrey. p. 268. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  2. ↑ Biot, Brigitte (1996). Barthélemy Aneau, régent de la Renaissance lyonnaise (in French). H. Champion. p. 97. ISBN   9782852035669 . Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  3. ↑ Saint-Léger, Guy (2004). François Rabelais : médecin montpelliérain. Le plein des sens. p. 29. ISBN   9788790493851 . Retrieved 10 June 2014..
  4. 1 2 Revue du Lyonnais. Vol. 12. L. Boitel. 1856. p. 314. Retrieved 10 June 2014..
  5. ↑ Heulhard, Arthur (1885). Rabelais chirurgien (in French). Paris: Lemerre. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  6. ↑ Bouvet, Maurice (1948). "Un nouvel exemplaire rarissime des œuvres de Galien : une édition française d'Étienne Dolet (1538–1539)". Revue d'histoire de la pharmacie. 36 (121): 341–344. doi:10.3406/pharm.1948.8696 . Retrieved 11 June 2014..
  7. ↑ Dally, Nicolas (1857). Cinésiologie, ou, Science du mouvement dans ses rapports avec l'éducation, l'hygiène et la thérapie (in French). Librairies Centrale des Sciences. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
  8. ↑ Quatrième centenaire de la "Défense et illustration de la langue française" par Joachim Du Bellay
  9. ↑ Berriot-Salvadore, Evelyne (2010). "La chirurgie "faite française"" (in French). Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  10. ↑ Evelyne Berriot-Salvadore (2010). "La littérature médicale en français de 1500 à 1600". bium.univ-paris5.fr (in French). Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  11. ↑ Brown, Ted (1995). "Word Wars: The Debate over the Use of the Vernacular in Medical Writings of the English Renaissance". Texas Studies in Literature and Language. University of Texas Press. 37 (1): 98–113. JSTOR   40755062 . Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  12. ↑ Vicq-d'Azyr, Félix (1792). Encyclopédie méthodique, médecine, par une société de médecins. Paris: Panckoucke. Retrieved 11 June 2014.
  13. ↑ Renouard, Philippe (1996). Imprimeurs et libraires parisiens du XVIe siècle (in French). Paris: Bibliothèque nationale. p. 1550. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  14. ↑ Paré, Ambroise (1550). Briefve collection de l'administration anatomique (in French). Paris: G. Cavellat. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  15. ↑ Berriot-Salvadore, Évelyne (2016). "Ambroise Paré, lecteur de Vésale" (PDF). La Fabrique de Vésale, la mémoire d'un livre (in French). Paris: 67–81. hal-03069729. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  16. ↑ Catalogue des livres de feu M. Jacques Terry-Athlone (in French). Paris: Veuve Rondet. 1730. p. 13. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  17. ↑ La Croix du Maine, François Grudé; Grudé, François (1772–1773). Les bibliothèques françoises de La Croix-du-Maine et de Du Verdier (in French). Paris. p. 370. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  18. ↑ Bouvet, Maurice (1948). "Un nouvel exemplaire rarissime des œuvres de Galien : une édition française d'Étienne Dolet (1538–1539)". Revue d'histoire de la pharmacie. 36 (121): 341–344. doi:10.3406/pharm.1948.8696 . Retrieved 10 June 2014..
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.