Jean Gainfort Merrill (born 1913) was a Canadian photographer. She was the first woman to become a member of the Canadian Press Photographers' Union. [1]
Born in Norwich, Ontario, she began working as an apprentice for photographer Alma Clutton shortly after she finished high school. [2] She worked in the darkroom for three years before she was allowed to take photographs. Some years later, she began taking courses at a Photographer's Association of America school in Winona Lake, Indiana. She returned to Norwich for a year and then, in 1937, she moved to Toronto. There she worked first for Sylvia Schwartz and then, in 1940, for news photographer Herb Nott. Nott joined the military in 1942 and Merill was left in charge of the studio. On Nott's return, Merrill became his partner in the studio. She later worked for the Stills Division of the National Film Board of Canada. Her photographs appeared in various newspapers including The Globe and Mail . In 1948, she received an award from the Commercial and Press Photographers Association of Canada. [1] [3]
Dorothea Lange was an American documentary photographer and photojournalist, best known for her Depression-era work for the Farm Security Administration (FSA). Lange's photographs influenced the development of documentary photography and humanized the consequences of the Great Depression.
Ingeborg Hermine "Inge" Morath was an Austrian photographer. In 1953, she joined the Magnum Photos Agency, founded by top photographers in Paris, and became a full photographer with the agency in 1955. Morath was the third wife of Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright Arthur Miller; their daughter is screenwriter/director Rebecca Miller.
Edward Henry Weston was an American photographer. He has been called "one of the most innovative and influential American photographers" and "one of the masters of 20th century photography." Over the course of his 40-year career Weston photographed an increasingly expansive set of subjects, including landscapes, still lifes, nudes, portraits, genre scenes, and even whimsical parodies. It is said that he developed a "quintessentially American, and especially Californian, approach to modern photography" because of his focus on the people and places of the American West. In 1937 Weston was the first photographer to receive a Guggenheim Fellowship, and over the next two years he produced nearly 1,400 negatives using his 8 × 10 view camera. Some of his most famous photographs were taken of the trees and rocks at Point Lobos, California, near where he lived for many years.
Edward Jean Steichen was a Luxembourgish American photographer, painter and curator and a pioneer of fashion photography. His gown images for the magazine Art et Décoration in 1911 were the first modern fashion photographs to be published. From 1923 to 1938, Steichen served as chief photographer for the Condé Nast magazines Vogue and Vanity Fair, while also working for many advertising agencies, including J. Walter Thompson. During these years, Steichen was regarded as the most popular and highest-paid photographer in the world.
Tina Modotti was an Italian American photographer, model, actor, and revolutionary political activist for the Comintern. She left her native Italy in 1913 and emigrated to the United States, where she settled in San Francisco with her father and sister. In San Francisco, Modotti worked as a seamstress, model, and theater performer and, later, moved to Los Angeles where she worked in film. She later became a photographer and essayist. In 1922 she moved to Mexico, where she became an active member of the Mexican Communist Party.
Henriette Theodora Markovitch, known as Dora Maar, was a French photographer, painter, and poet.
Anne Wardrope Brigman was an American photographer and one of the original members of the Photo-Secession movement in America.
Ruth Orkin was an American photographer, photojournalist, and filmmaker, with ties to New York City and Hollywood. Best known for her photograph An American Girl in Italy (1951), she photographed many celebrities and personalities including Lauren Bacall, Doris Day, Ava Gardner, Tennessee Williams, Marlon Brando, and Alfred Hitchcock.
Walter Nurnberg was a German-born British photographer known for his industrial photography from 1945 to the 1970s, which he worked on alongside his wife, Rita Nurnberg.
Jane Reece was a highly acclaimed American pictorial photographer of the early 20th century. She lived most of her life in Dayton, Ohio and was active in the local, national and international photography scenes. During her 40-year career she exhibited in more than 100 photography salons and shows around the world, receiving many awards, prizes and honors. Reece is now recognized as one of Dayton's most prominent artists.
Photography by indigenous peoples of the Americas is an art form that began in the late 19th century and has expanded in the 21st century, including digital photography, underwater photography, and a wide range of alternative processes. Indigenous peoples of the Americas have used photography as a means of expressing their lives and communities from their own perspectives. Native photography stands in contrast to the ubiquitous photography of indigenous peoples by non-natives, which has often been criticized as being staged, exoticized, and romanticized.
Jessie Tarbox Beals was an American photographer, the first published female photojournalist in the United States and the first female night photographer.
Hannah Hatherly Maynard was a Canadian photographer best known for her portrait work and experimental photography involving photomontage and multiple exposures. She also photographed people using techniques that made them appear as statuary: on columns or posing as if they were made of stone.
Alma Clutton was a Canadian photographer known for being the only woman in Norwich, Ontario to run her own photography business and studio. She was a family and portrait photographer and gained recognition for her child and infant portraits. Clutton also mentored and inspired other young women in photography, traveled to Europe and North Africa, and co-founded the Norwich Pioneers Museum in her 82 years of life.
This is a timeline of women in photography tracing the major contributions women have made to both the development of photography and the outstanding photographs they have created over the 19th, 20th and 21st centuries.
Kari N. Berggrav was a pioneer Norwegian photojournalist and war photographer. Her career had two peaks; as a war photographer in Norway in 1940 and as a UN staff photographer in 1948. She was the daughter of engineer Oscar Nissen and Ellen Margrethe Grete Nissen. It was a prominent family; her uncle, her mother's brother, was Bishop Eivind Berggrav, the Lutheran bishop of Oslo and primate of Norway. When King left Norway after his defeat by the Germans in WWII, he left Bishop Berggrav as leader of the administrative council. The bishop was soon imprisoned by the Gestapo, but managed to lead the resistance of the Norwegian church from within prison and survive the war.
Vivian Cherry was an American photographer best known for her street photography. She was a member of the New York Photo League.
Photographs have been taken in the area now known as Canada since 1839, by both amateurs and professionals. In the 19th century, commercial photography focussed on portraiture. But professional photographers were also involved in political and anthropological projects: they were brought along on expeditions to Western Canada and were engaged to document Indigenous peoples in Canada by government agencies.
Adelaide Leavy later worked as Addie Passen was a pioneering American photojournalist and one of the few women photographers who participated in sports photography beginning in the 1940s. She was one of the first women admitted to the National Press Photographers Association in 1945. Transitioning to studio work, she worked with cosmetic firms, models, and developed a reputation doing reference photographs for illustrators.