Jennifer Saul

Last updated

Jennifer Mather Saul (born 19 February 1968) is a philosopher working in philosophy of language and philosophy of feminism. Saul is a professor of philosophy at the University of Sheffield and the University of Waterloo.

Contents

Biography

Saul holds a bachelor's degree from the University of Rochester and a master's degree and PhD from Princeton University, [1] where she studied under Scott Soames.

Saul co-wrote a report for the British Philosophical Association and Society for Women in Philosophy UK with Helen Beebee titled "Women in Philosophy in the UK: A Report". [2] Saul frequently writes comments on women in philosophy, in a variety of non-academic publications. [3] [4] [5] [6]

Saul is co-founder and co-blogger for the Feminists Philosophers, [7] a forum that focuses on gender biases. The forum's Gender Conference Campaign [8] aims to highlight the lack of participation and representation of female philosophers at world events.

Research areas

Saul's primary research is in analytic philosophy of language and feminist philosophy. In her 2012 book from Oxford University Press, Lying, Misleading and What is Said: An Exploration in Philosophy of Language and in Ethics, she argues that the distinction between lying and misleading is theoretically significant and illuminates a variety of issues in philosophy of language concerning semantic content, implicature, and assertion. Moreover, because it is also an ethically meaningful distinction, it demonstrates some ways in which communication and speech are apt for ethical analysis. Saul argues that it is not the case, in general, that lying is ethically worse than misleading. Luvell Anderson, in his review of the book, says that "Her book is an excellent addition to a growing literature of what might be considered applied philosophy of language". [9] This work led to Saul being an advisor to the UK Office of Statistics Regulation in developing its work on misleadingness in the use of statistics, where any false belief is contingent on available evidence. [10]

In philosophy of language, Saul is also known for her work on substitution of co-referential terms in simple sentences. [11] Although it is universally accepted that substitution fails in propositional attitude contexts, Saul argues that substitution can also fail in sentences that have no psychological verbs whatsoever. This raises questions about the semantics of names and dominant accounts of attitude reports. In 2007, Saul published Simple Sentences, Substitution and Intuitions (Oxford University Press) in which she develops her views on these issues with attention to their methodological implications. Jennifer Duke-Yonge says of the book, "Saul advances the study of simple sentence substitution failure by demonstrating the inadequacy of existing accounts, but perhaps more importantly this book brings into focus crucial questions about the problematic role of semantic intuitions, frequently used without question in philosophy of language. In an area like philosophy of language where intuitions are often the primary kind of data we have available, this focused study of their role and nature is to be welcomed". [12]

In feminist philosophy, Saul is known for her book Feminism: Issues & Arguments, Oxford University Press (2003), an introductory text that explores a variety of feminist views and explores their application to controversies over such topics as pornography, abortion, and veiling. Louise Antony says, "Saul's accessible and engaging introduction to philosophical issues in feminism will challenge students of all political persuasions. Modelling good philosophical method all the way, Saul draws her readers into some of the most important and interesting controversies of contemporary gender studies." [13] She has also done important work on pornography, objectification, and the history of the vibrator.

From 2011-2013, Saul was Director of the Leverhulme-funded Implicit Bias and Philosophy International Research Project. The project brought together nearly 100 researchers in philosophy and psychology to explore the implications of research on implicit bias and related topics for epistemology, philosophy of mind, and moral/political philosophy.

Awards

In December 2011, Saul was awarded the Distinguished Woman Philosopher award in Washington, D.C. by the Society for Women in Philosophy. In response to the award, Saul said, "I'm deeply honored and absolutely stunned by this. It's especially wonderful to be recognized as making a difference in people's lives by doing philosophy. For me, that's the highest honor there could be." [14]

Publications

Books

Papers and articles

Related Research Articles

Philosophical methodology encompasses the methods used to philosophize and the study of these methods. Methods of philosophy are procedures for conducting research, creating new theories, and selecting between competing theories. In addition to the description of methods, philosophical methodology also compares and evaluates them.

Philosophical analysis is any of various techniques, typically used by philosophers in the analytic tradition, in order to "break down" philosophical issues. Arguably the most prominent of these techniques is the analysis of concepts, known as conceptual analysis.

Androcentrism is the practice, conscious or otherwise, of placing a masculine point of view at the center of one's world view, culture, and history, thereby culturally marginalizing femininity. The related adjective is androcentric, while the practice of placing the feminine point of view at the center is gynocentric.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paul Grice</span> British philosopher of language (1913–1988)

Herbert Paul Grice, usually publishing under the name H. P. Grice, H. Paul Grice, or Paul Grice, was a British philosopher of language who created the theory of implicature and the cooperative principle, which became foundational concepts in the linguistic field of pragmatics. His work on meaning has also influenced the philosophical study of semantics.

In pragmatics, a subdiscipline of linguistics, an implicature is something the speaker suggests or implies with an utterance, even though it is not literally expressed. Implicatures can aid in communicating more efficiently than by explicitly saying everything we want to communicate. The philosopher H. P. Grice coined the term in 1975. Grice distinguished conversational implicatures, which arise because speakers are expected to respect general rules of conversation, and conventional ones, which are tied to certain words such as "but" or "therefore". Take for example the following exchange:

Ordinary language philosophy (OLP) is a philosophical methodology that sees traditional philosophical problems as rooted in misunderstandings philosophers develop by distorting or forgetting how words are ordinarily used to convey meaning in non-philosophical contexts. "Such 'philosophical' uses of language, on this view, create the very philosophical problems they are employed to solve."

Experimental philosophy is an emerging field of philosophical inquiry that makes use of empirical data—often gathered through surveys which probe the intuitions of ordinary people—in order to inform research on philosophical questions. This use of empirical data is widely seen as opposed to a philosophical methodology that relies mainly on a priori justification, sometimes called "armchair" philosophy, by experimental philosophers. Experimental philosophy initially began by focusing on philosophical questions related to intentional action, the putative conflict between free will and determinism, and causal vs. descriptive theories of linguistic reference. However, experimental philosophy has continued to expand to new areas of research.

Jennifer Hornsby, FBA is a British philosopher with interests in the philosophies of mind, action, language, as well as feminist philosophy. She is currently a professor at the School of Philosophy, Birkbeck, University of London. She is well known for her opposition to orthodoxy in current analytic philosophy of mind, and for her use of J. L. Austin's Speech Act Theory to look at the effects of pornography.

Metaepistemology is the branch of epistemology and metaphilosophy that studies the underlying assumptions made in debates in epistemology, including those concerning the existence and authority of epistemic facts and reasons, the nature and aim of epistemology, and the methodology of epistemology.

Feminist philosophy is an approach to philosophy from a feminist perspective and also the employment of philosophical methods to feminist topics and questions. Feminist philosophy involves both reinterpreting philosophical texts and methods in order to supplement the feminist movement and attempts to criticise or re-evaluate the ideas of traditional philosophy from within a feminist framework.

Women have made significant contributions to philosophy throughout the history of the discipline. Ancient examples of female philosophers include Maitreyi, Gargi Vachaknavi, Hipparchia of Maroneia and Arete of Cyrene. Some women philosophers were accepted during the medieval and modern eras, but none became part of the Western canon until the 20th and 21st century, when some sources indicate that Simone Weil Susanne Langer, G.E.M. Anscombe, Hannah Arendt and Simone de Beauvoir entered the canon.

Philosophy of language investigates the nature of language and the relations between language, language users, and the world. Investigations may include inquiry into the nature of meaning, intentionality, reference, the constitution of sentences, concepts, learning, and thought.

1975 in philosophy

1977 in philosophy

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sally Haslanger</span> American philosopher

Sally Haslanger is an American philosopher and the Ford Professor of Philosophy in the Department of Linguistics and Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Analytical feminism is a line of philosophy that applies analytic concepts and methods to feminist issues and applies feminist concepts and insights to issues that have traditionally been of interest to analytic philosophers. Like all feminists, analytical feminists insist on recognizing and contesting sexism and androcentrism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Society for Women in Philosophy</span> Organization to support and promote women in philosophy

The Society for Women in Philosophy was created in 1972 to support and promote women in philosophy. Since that time the Society for Women in Philosophy or "SWIP" has expanded to many branches around the world, including in the US, Canada, Ireland, the UK, the Netherlands, Flanders, and Germany. SWIP organizations worldwide hold meetings and lectures that aim to support women in philosophy; some, such as SWIPshop, focus exclusively on feminist philosophy, while others, such as SWIP-Analytic, focus on women philosophers working in other areas. One of the founding members of the Society for Women in Philosophy was Alison Jaggar, who was also one of the first people to introduce feminist concerns into philosophy. Each year, one philosopher is named the Distinguished Woman Philosopher of the Year by the Society for Women in Philosophy.

Diana Meyers is a philosopher working in the philosophy of action and in the philosophy of feminism. Meyers is professor emerita of philosophy at the University of Connecticut.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Feminist philosophy of science</span> Means of interpreting scientific evidence through a feminist lens

Feminist philosophy of science is a branch of feminist philosophy that seeks to understand how the acquirement of knowledge through scientific means has been influenced by notions of gender identity and gender roles in society. Feminist philosophers of science question how scientific research and scientific knowledge itself may be influenced and possibly compromised by the social and professional framework within which that research and knowledge is established and exists. The intersection of gender and science allows feminist philosophers to reexamine fundamental questions and truths in the field of science to reveal how gender biases may influence scientific outcomes. The feminist philosophy of science has been described as being located "at the intersections of the philosophy of science and feminist science scholarship" and has attracted considerable attention since the 1980s.

Bonnie J. Mann is an American philosopher and professor of philosophy at the University of Oregon. She is known for her expertise on feminist philosophy. She is co-editor of Hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy.

References

  1. "Profile: Jennifer Saul - Profiles - People - Philosophy - the University of Sheffield". 16 September 2020.
  2. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 October 2013. Retrieved 9 August 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. "philosophypress.co.uk". philosophypress.co.uk. Archived from the original on 9 August 2013. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
  4. "Male domination of philosophy 'must end'". 7 March 2013.
  5. "Women job candidates in philosophy appalled by the "smoker"".
  6. Schuessler, Jennifer (2 August 2013). "A Star Philosopher Falls, and a Debate Over Sexism Is Set Off". The New York Times.
  7. "Feminist Philosophers".
  8. "Gendered Conference Campaign". 10 December 2009.
  9. Anderson, Luvell (July 2013), Lying, Misleading, and What is Said: An Exploration in Philosophy of Language and in Ethics, Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews, retrieved 25 June 2014
  10. Harkness, Timandra (2020). "What does it mean to mislead?". Significance. 17 (5): 36–38. doi:10.1111/1740-9713.01449. S2CID   224967172.
  11. Saul, Jennifer (1997). "Substitution and Simple Sentences". Analysis. 57 (2): 102–108. doi:10.1093/analys/57.2.102.
  12. Duke-Yonge, Jennifer (2009). "Simple Sentences, Substitution and Intuitions". Analysis. 69: 174–176. doi:10.1093/analys/ann025.
  13. Feminism: Issues & Arguments. Oxford University Press. 12 June 2003. ISBN   9780199249473.
  14. "Sheffield academic first UK recipient of women's philosophy award - 2011 - News - Faculty of Arts and Humanities - Faculties - the University of Sheffield". Archived from the original on 21 October 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2013.