Jennifer White-Johnson is an artist and activist living in Baltimore, Maryland, US. [1] As a disabled Afro-Latina artist with ADHD and Graves' Disease she uses graphic design and photography as a means to discuss the intersection of disability rights and anti-racism, and to give visibility to misrepresented voices. [1] After completing her Masters degree, she taught as professor of Visual Communication Design at Bowie State University. Some of her more famous works include the Black Disabled Lives Matter symbol, [2] and a Black Autistic Joy advocacy zine called Knox Roxs. [3]
White-Johnson was born to a Puerto-Rican mother and a Chicagoan father and was raised in Maryland and Washington, D.C. [4]
She earned her BA in Visual Arts from University of Maryland, Baltimore County and also completed an MFA in Graphic Design from the Maryland Institute College of Art. [2]
White-Johnson has taught as a Guest Lecturer at the University of Minnesota School of Design's Design Justice Initiative. [5]
She has previously taught as assistant professor of Visual Communications at Bowie State University, [6] where she was the student faculty advisor for the Bowie State chapter of American Institute of Graphic Arts (AIGA). [7] She has also worked for brands including Nike, Converse, Twitter, Amazon, Today at Apple, and Google Stories, discussing and creating events around the intersection of art and disability activism. [2] In 2019, she was a featured panelist at a 5 Points event titled "How to be a Black Designer Without Losing Your Soul". [8] In 2020, White-Johnson was an honoree on the D-30 Disability Impact List for her protest art and anti-racist designs, [6] and in 2021 she was highlighted in a list of 20 Latino Artists to Watch by the Today Show. [1]
In 2020, White-Johnson created the Black Disabled Lives Matter symbol in response to conversations around police brutality. She took the graphic of the Black power fist and combined it with the infinity symbol, which represents the Autistic spectrum, and the greater neurodiversity movement. [9] She made the symbol accessible to others by making it free to download from her website, and it was protestors in the US, UK and by former president Barack Obama. [10] The symbol was used in a June 6 protest in Washington, D.C., being led by two Black disabled activists, Justice Shorter and Keri Gray. [11] Her goal though creating this symbol was to encourage further discussion about disability and intersectionality in activism, [2] and to convey the message that "To Be Pro-Neurodiversity is to be Anti-Racist". [9] The symbol has been featured in Teen Vouge's article "Black Disabled Lives Matter: We Can't Erase Disability in #BLM" [12] and on Black Education Matter's Black Disabled Lives Matter resource page. [13]
White-Johnson released a limited-edition photography based zine in 2018 called Knox Roxs. [14] The book features her Autistic son, Knox, and 72 pages of photos. The book seeks to increase visibility for neurodiverse children of color, [15] and showcase Black Autistic Joy. [6] After the book was published, it inspired many family zine workshops where activism and resistance take the form of caregiving. [16] The zine has also been featured in AfroPunk [17] and the 2019 Women's March on Washington, and it is currently in the permanent collections of the libraries at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the National Museum of Women in the Arts. [16]
White-Johnson curated and was included in the exhibit "Disrupt and Resist" at George Mason University's Mason Exhibitions gallery in Fall 2023. Other artists include Andy Slater, Finnegan Shannon, Indira Allegra, Robert Andy Coombs, Alx Veloxo and Gwynneth VanLaven. [18]
White-Johnson's work was selected for The Art of Disability Culture: Artists with Disabilities Dispelling Myths, Dissolving Barriers, and Disrupting Prejudice exhibition at the Palo Alto Arts Center from September 11, 2021, to December 11, 2021. [19] The show called for a sense of community by incorporating disability culture though artwork. It was composed entirely of artists with disabilities, and highlighted their creative expression of their experiences. [19]
In May 2019, China Martins and Jennifer White-Johnson hosted an open-house event around the concept of motherhood. It fostered a discussion about mothering and craft, and participants were encouraged to make zines to examine their own relationship with motherhood. [20]
In April 2017, White-Johnson released a series of photos along with a mission statement in honor of Autism Awareness month, featuring her son. The message she wanted to convey was to "Advocate autistic voices, Advocate acceptance, Advocate autistic love, Advocate for your autistic self, Advocate autistic opinions, Advocate inclusion". [8]
White-Johnson is married to Kevin and they have one son, Knox. [21]
Mary Temple Grandin is an American academic and ethologist. She is a prominent proponent of the humane treatment of livestock for slaughter and the author of more than 60 scientific papers on animal behavior. Grandin is a consultant to the livestock industry, where she offers advice on animal behavior, and is also an autism spokesperson.
The disability rights movement is a global social movement that seeks to secure equal opportunities and equal rights for all people with disabilities.
The neurodiversity paradigm is a framework for understanding human brain function that recognizes the diversity within sensory processing, motor abilities, social comfort, cognition, and focus as neurobiological differences. This diversity falls on a spectrum of neurocognitive function. The neurodiversity paradigm argues that diversity in human cognition is normal and that some conditions generally classified as disorders, such as autism, are differences and disabilities that are not necessarily pathological.
The autism rights movement, also known as the autistic acceptance movement, is a social movement allied with the disability rights movement. It emphasizes the neurodiversity paradigm, viewing autism as a set of naturally occurring variations in human cognition rather than as a disease to be cured or a disorder to be treated, diverging from the medical model of disability.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to autism:
Self-advocacy is the act of speaking up for oneself and one's interests. It is used as a name for civil rights movements and mutual aid networks for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. The term arose in the broader civil rights movements of the 1960s and 1970s, and is part of the disability rights movement. Today there are self-advocacy organizations across the world.
Autism Every Day is a controversial 2006 documentary film sponsored by Autism Speaks, and produced by Lauren Thierry, Jim Watkins and Eric Solomon. It follows mothers of high support needs autistic children, and consists mainly of interviews with the mothers.
People-first language (PFL), also called person-first language, is a type of linguistic prescription which puts a person before a diagnosis, describing what condition a person "has" rather than asserting what a person "is". It is intended to avoid marginalization or dehumanization when discussing people with a chronic illness or disability. It can be seen as a type of disability etiquette but person-first language can also be more generally applied to any group that would otherwise be defined or mentally categorized by a condition or trait.
Autistic art is artwork created by autistic artists that captures or conveys a variety of autistic experiences. According to a 2021 article in Cognitive Processing, autistic artists with improved linguistic and communication skills often show a greater degree of originality and attention to detail than their neurotypical counterparts, with a positive correlation between artistic talent and high linguistic functioning. Autistic art is often considered outsider art. Art by autistic artists has long been shown in separate venues from artists without disabilities. The works of some autistic artists have featured in art publications and documentaries and been exhibited in mainstream galleries. Although autistic artists seldom received formal art education in the past, recent inclusivity initiatives have made it easier for autistic artists to get a formal college education. The Aspergers/Autism Network's AANE Artist Collaborative is an example of an art organization for autistic adults.
Societal and cultural aspects of autism or sociology of autism come into play with recognition of autism, approaches to its support services and therapies, and how autism affects the definition of personhood. The autistic community is divided primarily into two camps; the autism rights movement and the pathology paradigm. The pathology paradigm advocates for supporting research into therapies, treatments, and/or a cure to help minimize or remove autistic traits, seeing treatment as vital to help individuals with autism, while the neurodiversity movement believes autism should be seen as a different way of being and advocates against a cure and interventions that focus on normalization, seeing it as trying to exterminate autistic people and their individuality. Both are controversial in autism communities and advocacy which has led to significant infighting between these two camps. While the dominant paradigm is the pathology paradigm and is followed largely by autism research and scientific communities, the neurodiversity movement is highly popular among most autistic people, within autism advocacy, autism rights organizations, and related neurodiversity approaches have been rapidly growing and applied in the autism research field in the last few years.
Jennifer Elder is an American author and assistant editor for the Collins Library of McSweeney's publishing house.
The Autistic Self Advocacy Network (ASAN) is an American 501(c)(3) nonprofit advocacy organization run by and for individuals on the autism spectrum. ASAN advocates for the inclusion of autistic people in decisions that affect them, including: legislation, depiction in the media, and disability services.
Autism Speaks Inc. is an American non-profit autism awareness organization and the largest autism research organization in the United States. It sponsors autism research and conducts awareness and outreach activities aimed at families, governments, and the public. It was founded in February 2005 by Bob Wright and his wife Suzanne, a year after their grandson Christian was diagnosed with autism. The same year as its founding, the organization merged with Autism Coalition for Research and Education. It then merged with the National Alliance for Autism Research in 2006 and Cure Autism Now in 2007.
Sarah Stup is an American writer and advocate. She writes about community inclusion, education, and her experience in the world as an autistic woman. Her work includes the children's book Do-Si-Do with Autism, a set of gift books, the poetry and essay collection Are Your Eyes Listening? Collected Works, and the novel Paul and His Beast.
Discrimination against autistic people involves any form of discrimination, persecution, or oppression against people who are autistic. Despite contention over its status as a disability, discrimination against autistic people is considered to be a form of ableism.
Lydia X. Z. Brown is an American autistic disability rights activist, writer, attorney, and public speaker who was honored by the White House in 2013. They are the chairperson of the American Bar Association Civil Rights & Social Justice Disability Rights Committee. They are also Policy Counsel for Privacy & Data at the Center for Democracy & Technology, and Director of Policy, Advocacy, & External Affairs at the Autistic Women & Nonbinary Network. In 2022, they unsuccessfully ran for the Maryland House of Delegates in District 7A, losing to state delegate Kathy Szeliga and delegate-elect Ryan Nawrocki.
Julia Bascom is an American autism rights activist. She is a former executive director of the Autistic Self Advocacy Network (ASAN) and replaced Ari Ne'eman as president of ASAN in early 2017 before stepping down at the end of 2023.
Morénike Giwa Onaiwu is an American educator, author, and autism and HIV advocate. Alongside E. Ashkenazy and Lydia Brown, Onaiwu is an editor of All the Weight of Our Dreams, an anthology of art and writing entirely by autistic people of color published by the Autism Women's Network in June 2017.
Kassiane A. Asasumasu is an American autism rights activist who is credited for coining several terms related to the Neurodiversity Movement, including caregiver benevolence. As stated in the text Neurodiversity for Dummies, "Asasumasu's work set the stage for a broader understanding and acceptance of neurological differences", which "continue[s] to be shared, shaped and formed by all sorts of people who recogniz[e] that our world should be accepting, inclusive, and accommodating of people regardless of their neurotype".
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