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The Jharkhand 2009 Assembly Elections were seen as a contest between three forces: The Indian National Congress (INC), The Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP) and its major ally Janata Dal (United), and the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM). The poll result was a shock for the incumbent BJP-JD{U} Alliance as they could muster only a quarter of the state assembly's 81 seats. . The JMM emerged as a formidable force and finally turned out to be the kingmaker. The election turned out to be a stalemate as many expected because no major party or group was able to come even close of the 42-seat majority.
Janata Dal (United) is a centre-left Indian political party with political presence mainly in Bihar and Jharkhand. The Janata Dal (United) was formed with the merger of the Sharad Yadav faction of the Janata Dal, the Lokshakti Party and the Samta Party on 30 October 2003. Janata Dal (United)'s party mentor and patron is the veteran socialist leader George Fernandes. JD(U) is currently a part of BJP led National Democratic Alliance (NDA).
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM) is a state political party in the Indian state of Jharkhand which was founded by Binod Bihari Mahato. It has two seats in the 15th Lok Sabha. Shibu Soren is the president of the JMM. JMM is also an influential political party in the state of Odisha and parts of neighbouring of states.
The failure of the incumbent BJP-JD{U} government was really shocking considering its dismal performance. The BJP has maintained strong presence in the states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and Uttarakhand, which were formed during the rule of the BJP-led NDA (National Democratic Alliance) government at the center in 2000. The BJP seems to bank on this fact and continues to support the creation of smaller states where there is popular demand.
Chhattisgarh is one of the 29 states of India, located in the centre-east of the country. It is the tenth-largest state in India, with an area of 135,191 km2 (52,198 sq mi). With a 2011 population of 25.5 million, Chhattisgarh is the 16th-most populated state in the country. A resource-rich state, it is a source of electricity and steel for the country, accounting for 15% of the total steel produced. Chhattisgarh is one of the fastest-developing states in India.
Uttarakhand, formerly known as Uttaranchal, is a state in the northern part of India. It is often referred to as the Devabhumi due to a large number of Hindu temples and pilgrimage centres found throughout the state. Uttarakhand is known for the natural environment of the Himalayas, the Bhabhar and the Terai. On 9 November 2000, Uttarakhand became the 27th state of the Republic of India, being created from the Himalayan districts of Uttar Pradesh. It borders Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north; the Sudurpashchim Pradesh of Nepal to the east; the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh to the south and Himachal Pradesh to the west and north-west. The state is divided into two divisions, Garhwal and Kumaon, with a total of 13 districts. The interim capital of Uttarakhand is Dehradun, the largest city of the state, which is a railhead. The High Court of the state is located in Nainital.
The National Democratic Alliance (NDA) is a coalition of Progressive centre-right to right-wing political parties in India. At the time of its formation in 1998, it was led by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and had 13 constituent parties. Its chairman was late Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Also representing the alliance are L. K. Advani, former Deputy Prime Minister, who is the acting chairman of the Alliance, Narendra Modi, current Prime Minister and the Leader of the House in Lok Sabha; and Arun Jaitley, Leader of the House in Rajya Sabha and Finance minister. The coalition ruled from 1998 to 2004. The alliance returned to power in the 2014 General election with a combined vote share of 38.5%. Its leader, Narendra Modi, was sworn in as Prime Minister of India on 26 May 2014.
The JMM has always been an important factor in the state's political scenario even before the creation of the state. It then served as a rallying point for the people who demanded statehood for Jharkhand from Bihar.
Bihar is state in eastern India. It is the thirteenth-largest Indian state, with an area of 94,163 km2 (36,357 sq mi). The third-largest state by population, it is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north, the northern part of West Bengal to the east, with Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges, which flows from west to east. Three main regions converge in the state: Magadh, Mithila, and Bhojpur.
The final electoral results were as follows: INC-JVM-CPI(M)-25 BJP-JD[U]-20 JMM-18 Others-18
A compromise formula was worked out between the BJP-JD[U] Alliance and the JMM. These two groups, with the help of independents and other minor parties, had run the state government and president rules the state. BJP and JD(U) has parted their way.
| Party | Flag | Seats Won |
|---|---|---|
| Bharatiya Janata Party | 18 | |
| Jharkhand Mukti Morcha | 18 | |
| Indian National Congress |  | 14 |
| Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) | 11 | |
| AJSU Party | 5 | |
| Rashtriya Janata Dal | 5 | |
| Janata Dal (United) | 2 | |
| Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation) | 1 | |
| Jharkhand Party | 1 | |
| Marxist Co-ordination Committee | 1 | |
| Jai Bharat Samanta Party | 1 | |
| Jharkhand Janadhikar Manch | 1 | |
| Rashtriya Kalyan Paksha | 1 | |
| Independents | 2 | |
