Johann Trnka

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Johann Trnka (21 March 1912 – 24 March 1950) was a convicted murderer who was the last person to be sentenced to death and executed in Austria.

Contents

Crime

In order to steal radio sets, Johann Trnka posed as a painter in 1946 and thus gained access to the apartments of two elderly women in Vienna, whom he attacked, robbed, and then murdered. Trnka was charged with these robbery murders. The trial took place under the presidency of Regional Court President Otto Nahrhaft in the Regional Court for Criminal Matters Vienna, the "Grey House". [1]

Trnka was sentenced to death for double murder and was executed via hanging on 24 March 1950, at the execution site of the "Grey House", in Vienna. The executioner was a cinema assistant who had already been the executioner at executions on the strangulation gallows during the Ständestaat.

Legacy

Trnka's conviction for murder was carried out under Austrian law of the Second Republic. [2] After World War II, capital punishment had been declared permissible in Austria in ordinary proceedings for murder, but was once more deleted from the civil codes in 1950 and retained only in military law. Trnka's execution was the 31st and last of a person sentenced to death by an Austrian court in the postwar period. On 7 February 1968, the National Council unanimously decided to remove from the Constitution the possibility of creating summary courts or other forms of exceptional jurisdiction. Article 85 of the Federal Constitution has since read, "The death penalty is abolished." [3] [4]

See also

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References

  1. ↑ "Foto von Nahrhaft bei einer Urteilsverkündung 1950". Archived from the original on 2015-04-14. Retrieved 2021-10-03.
  2. ↑ Roland Miklau: Die Überwindung der Todesstrafe in Österreich und in Europa. In: Erika Weinzierl, Oliver Rathkolb, Rudolf G. Ardelt und Siegfried Mattl (Hrsg.): Justiz und Zeitgeschichte, Symposionsbeiträge 1976–1993. Wien 1995, Band 1, S. 723; Karl Haas: Zur Frage der Todesstrafe in Österreich 1945 bis 1950. S. 403. Neue Forschungsergebnisse zum Vollzug von Todesurteilen der österreichischen Volksgerichte und der ordentlichen Strafgerichte nach 1945 werden in einem Aufsatz von Martin F. Polaschek und Bernhard Sebl in dem für 2008 von Heimo Halbrainer, Claudia Kuretsidis-Haider und Elisabeth Ebner vorbereiteten Sammelband Todesstrafe (= Veröffentlichungen der Forschungsstelle Nachkriegsjustiz, 2) publiziert werden. www.todesstrafe.at.
  3. ↑ Miklau, wie oben, S. 726. Miklau hebt hervor (722 f.), dass die Niederlage der Bundesregierung am 24. Mai 1950 Resultat einer geheimen Abstimmung gewesen sei. Mit diesem Abstimmungsmodus reagierte das Parlament offenbar auf den Druck der Öffentlichkeit zur Beibehaltung der Todesstrafe.
  4. ↑ Die Geschichte der Todesstrafe in Österreich.

Bibliography

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