Johanna Schmitt is an evolutionary ecologist and plant geneticist. Her research is notable for its focus on the genetic basis of traits in ecologically valuable plants and on predicting how such plants will respond and adapt to environmental change such as climate warming. [1] She has authored over 100 articles and her works have been cited over 7900 citations. [2] She is honored with being the first female scientist at Brown University to be elected to the National Academy of Sciences. [3]
Schmitt earned a B.A. with distinction in biology from Swarthmore College in 1974. Schmitt was awarded her Ph.D. in biology from Stanford University in 1981 where she studied with evolutionary biologist Ward Watt. [4] After Stanford, Schmitt conducted research at Duke University. She joined Brown University in 1982 where she eventually became a Stephen T. Olney Professor of Natural History. At Brown, she was also the director of the Environmental Change Initiative. Currently, she is a University of California at Davis Distinguished Professor in the Department of Evolution and Ecology which she joined in 2012. [5]
Schmitt is the recipient of a Humboldt Research Award, and is the past president of both the Society for the Study of Evolution (SSE) [6] and the American Society of Naturalists (ASN). [7] In addition, Schmitt is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) [8] and a member of the National Academy of Sciences. She was inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2010.
Schmitt's research focuses on the mechanisms of adaptation and responses to climatic and environmental variations, the adaptive evolution of developmental plasticity (such as responses to seasonal cues), the ecology and evolution of maternal effects, the genetic and adaptive basis of developmental and physiological life-history traits and conservation biology of plants. [1] An example of her research includes determining the roles of genetic and climatic variation in the model plant Arabidopsis. [1] Schmitt's research is also on the forefront in using modeling to investigate how climate change will affect the distribution and success of plants. [1]
Arabidopsis thaliana, the thale cress, mouse-ear cress or arabidopsis, is a small plant from the mustard family (Brassicaceae), native to Eurasia and Africa. Commonly found along the shoulders of roads and in disturbed land, it is generally considered a weed.
Deborah Charlesworth is a population geneticist from the UK, notable for her important discoveries in population genetics and evolutionary biology. Her most notable research is in understanding the evolution of recombination, sex chromosomes and mating system for plants.
The Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre (NASC) provides seed and information resources to the International Arabidopsis Genome Project and the wider research community. It is based in the School of Biosciences at the University of Nottingham's Sutton Bonington Campus, in the English county of Nottinghamshire.
Evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo) is the study of developmental programs and patterns from an evolutionary perspective. It seeks to understand the various influences shaping the form and nature of life on the planet. Evo-devo arose as a separate branch of science rather recently. An early sign of this occurred in 1999.
Dame Caroline Dean is a British plant scientist working at the John Innes Centre. She is focused on understanding the molecular controls used by plants to seasonally judge when to flower. She is specifically interested in vernalisation — the acceleration of flowering in plants by exposure to periods of prolonged cold. She has also been on the Life Sciences jury for the Infosys Prize from 2018.
George P. Rédei was a Hungarian plant biologist, professor, author and member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
Plant genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity specifically in plants. It is generally considered a field of biology and botany, but intersects frequently with many other life sciences and is strongly linked with the study of information systems. Plant genetics is similar in many ways to animal genetics but differs in a few key areas.
Martin Edward Kreitman is an American geneticist at the University of Chicago, most well known for the McDonald–Kreitman test that is used to infer the amount of adaptive evolution in population genetic studies.
Joanne Chory is an American plant biologist and geneticist. Chory is a professor and director of the Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies and an investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
Epigenetics is the study of changes in gene expression that occur via mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and microRNA modification. When these epigenetic changes are heritable, they can influence evolution. Current research indicates that epigenetics has influenced evolution in a number of organisms, including plants and animals.
Liam Dolan is a Senior Group Leader at the Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, the Sherardian Professor of Botany in the Department of Biology at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford.
Robert L. Last is a plant biochemical genomicist who studies metabolic processes that protect plants from the environment and produce products important for animal and human nutrition. His research has covered (1) production and breakdown of essential amino acids, (2) the synthesis and protective roles of Vitamin C and Vitamin E (tocopherols) as well as identification of mechanisms that protect photosystem II from damage, and (3) synthesis and biological functions of plant protective specialized metabolites. Four central questions are: (i) how are leaf and seed amino acids levels regulated, (ii.) what mechanisms protect and repair photosystem II from stress-induced damage, (iii.) how do plants produce protective metabolites in their glandular secreting trichomes (iv.) and what are the evolutionary mechanisms that contribute to the tremendous diversity of specialized metabolites that protect plants from insects and pathogens and are used as therapeutic agents.
Arabidopsis thaliana is a first class model organism and the single most important species for fundamental research in plant molecular genetics.
Christopher Roland Somerville is a Canadian-American biologist known as a pioneer of Arabidopsis thaliana research. Somerville is currently Professor Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley and a Program Officer at the Open Philanthropy Project.
Sharon Y. Strauss is an American evolutionary ecologist. She is a Professor of Evolution and Ecology at the University of California, Davis.
June Nasrallah is Barbara McClintock Professor in the Plant Biology Section of the School of Integrative Plant Science at Cornell University. Her research focuses on plant reproductive biology and the cell-cell interactions that underlie self-incompatibility in plants belonging to the mustard (Brassicaceae) family. She was elected to the US National Academy of Sciences in 2003 for this work and her contributions generally to our understanding of receptor-based signaling in plants.
Joy Michele Bergelson is an American evolutionary biologist. She is currently the Dorothy Schiff Professor of Genomics at New York University. Bergelson was previously and James D. Watson Distinguished Service Professor of Ecology and Evolution at the University of Chicago, where she chaired the department for ecology and evolution. Her research focuses on the evolution and ecology of plants.
Kathleen Donohue is an American biologist at Duke University. She researches the genetic and ecological context of adaptation.
She received a Guggenheim Fellowship for her work and was elected as a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Moisés Expósito-Alonso is a Spanish scientist and assistant professor of global change biology at the University of California, Berkeley, member of the Innovative Genomics Institute, and inaugural Freeman Hrabowski Scholar from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. His research includes the study of plants and how climate change affects their evolution.
John R. Stinchcombe is an American and Canadian ecological geneticist who is a professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at the University of Toronto. His research is on the ecology of natural selection, and the role of genetics in facilitating or constraining evolution, focusing almost exclusively on plants.