John Carraway

Last updated

John Carraway (c. 1834 - 1871) was a tailor, seaman, civil rights activist, and politician in the United States. [1] In Alabama during the Reconstruction era, he served as a delegate to the 1867 Alabama Constitutional Convention. [2] He also served on Mobile, Alabama's city council, and in the Alabama House of Representatives. [3] [1]

Carraway was born around 1834 the son of a plantation owner in North Carolina and one of his slaves. [4] He was emancipated in his father's will. [1] He left Mobile for Brooklyn, New York in the 1850's. [3] While in Brooklyn, he campaigned in New York for voting rights for African Americans. [5]

He served in the Union Army as part of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment [5] under Robert Gould Shaw during the American Civil War. In the Alabama House he was a political ally but personal rival of Creole legislator Ovid Gregory. [3] [1]

Carraway represented Mobile at the state's 1867 Constitutional Convention, served in the Alabama House of Representatives from 1868 to 1870, and served on the Mobile City Council in 1869 and 1870. At the convention he spoke in opposition to segregation and opposed a ban on marriages between blacks and whites. [5] He also proposed life imprisonment for any white men cohabiting with black women. [6]

He was a rival of Lawrence S. Berry. Jeremiah Haralson accused him of taking a bribe from railroad interests. [7]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of Alabama</span>

The history of what is now Alabama stems back thousands of years ago when it was inhabited by indigenous peoples. The Woodland period spanned from around 1000 BCE to 1000 CE and was marked by the development of the Eastern Agricultural Complex. This was followed by the Mississippian culture of Native Americans, which lasted to around the 1600 CE. The first Europeans to make contact with Alabama were the Spanish, with the first permanent European settlement being Mobile, established by the French in 1702.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Scalawag</span> 1860s American term describing White Southerners who backed Reconstruction

In United States history, the pejorative scalawag referred to white Southerners who supported Reconstruction policies and efforts after the conclusion of the American Civil War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">James T. Rapier</span> American politician (1837–1883)

James Thomas Rapier was an American politician from Alabama during the Reconstruction Era. He served as a United States representative from Alabama, for one term from 1873 until 1875. Born free in Alabama, he went to school in Canada and earned a law degree in Scotland before being admitted to the bar in Tennessee.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Charles D. Drake</span> American politician

Charles Daniel Drake was a United States senator from Missouri and Chief Justice of the Court of Claims.

More than 1,500 African American officeholders served during the Reconstruction era (1865–1877) and in the years after Reconstruction before white supremacy, disenfranchisement, and the Democratic Party fully reasserted control in Southern states. Historian Canter Brown Jr. noted that in some states, such as Florida, the highest number of African Americans were elected or appointed to offices after the end of Reconstruction in 1877. The following is a partial list of notable African American officeholders from the end of the Civil War until before 1900. Dates listed are the year that a term states or the range of years served if multiple terms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bibliography of the Reconstruction era</span> Eras main scholarly literature (1863–1877)

This is a selected bibliography of the main scholarly books and articles of Reconstruction, the period after the American Civil War, 1863–1877.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alfred Eliab Buck</span> American politician (1832–1902)

Alfred Eliab Buck was a U.S. Representative from Alabama.

The civil rights movement (1865–1896) aimed to eliminate racial discrimination against African Americans, improve their educational and employment opportunities, and establish their electoral power, just after the abolition of slavery in the United States. The period from 1865 to 1895 saw a tremendous change in the fortunes of the Black community following the elimination of slavery in the South.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lily-white movement</span> 19th century Republican anti-African-American movement

The Lily-White Movement was an anti-black political movement within the Republican Party in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was a response to the political and socioeconomic gains made by African-Americans following the Civil War and the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which eliminated slavery and involuntary servitude.

The Negro Republican Party was one name used, in the period before the end of the civil rights movement, for a branch of the Republican Party in the Southern United States, particularly Kentucky, that was predominantly made up of African Americans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jesse Freeman Boulden</span> American politician

Jesse Freeman Boulden was a Baptist pastor and politician in Chicago and Mississippi. He founded churches including Olivet Baptist Church in Chicago. He served in the Mississippi House of Representatives during the Reconstruction Era. He also helped manage the Senate campaigns of Hiram Rhodes Revels and Blanche Kelso Bruce.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Joseph Newman Clinton</span> American politician

Joseph Newman Clinton was a politician and public official in Florida. An African American, he served in the Florida House of Representatives from Alachua County from 1881 to 1883, was a member of the city council in Gainesville from 1883 to 1885, and was a federal official in Pensacola and Tampa.

Thomas W. Stringer (1815–1893) was an American Christian minister in the A.M.E. Church, state senator in Mississippi, Prince Hall Mason, and the founder of the Knights of Pythias of North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia. He helped organize churches, schools, and fraternal organizations. He was elected to the Mississippi Senate in 1869 and served from 1870 until 1871.

Ovide Gregory, sometimes written as Ovid Gregory, was a politician in Alabama during the Reconstruction era. A Creole, he was multilingual and freeborn. He served in the Alabama House of Representatives.

The Nationalist was a newspaper published in Mobile, Alabama for African Americans after the American Civil War. It was established by missionaries and allied with the Republican Party. The Library of Congress has issues in its collection. It was published from late 1865 until about 1869. It was one of the most influential "Radical" newspapers in the South.

Andrew Jackson Junius was a carpenter, Baptist minister and state representative in Florida. He represented Jefferson County, Florida in the Florida House of Representatives in 1879.

Lucien Fisher, sometimes spelled Lucian Fisher, was a state legislator in Florida. He represented Leon County in the Florida House of Representatives. He served in 1875.

James H. Alston was an American state legislator in Alabama. He served in the legislature in 1868 and from 1869 to 1879.

Richard Tucker was a carpenter, undertaker, and state legislator in North Carolina. He represented Craven County in the North Carolina House of Representatives in 1870 and in the North Carolina Senate in 1874 during the Reconstruction era.

John B. Esnard was a Reconstruction era politician who served as a delegate at the 1868 Louisiana Constitutional Convention and in the in Louisiana House of Representatives 1868-1870.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Gulf South Historical Review" (PDF). Tuskegee University Archives. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  2. Work, Monroe N.; Staples, Thomas S.; Wallace, H. A.; Miller, Kelly; McKinlay, Whitefield; Lacy, Samuel E.; Smith, R. L.; McIlwaine, H. R. (1920). "Some Negro Members of Reconstruction Conventions and Legislatures and of Congress". The Journal of Negro History. 5 (1): 63–119. doi:10.2307/2713503. JSTOR   2713503. S2CID   149610698 . Retrieved 10 July 2021. Open Access logo PLoS transparent.svg
  3. 1 2 3 Fitzgerald, Michael W. (September 1, 2002). Urban Emancipation: Popular Politics in Reconstruction Mobile, 1860–1890. LSU Press. ISBN   9780807128374 via Google Books.
  4. "Song is part of soldier's legacy (John Carraway)". The Montgomery Advertiser. 26 May 1997. p. 1. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  5. 1 2 3 Freedom's Lawmakers by Eric Foner, Louisiana State University Press (1996) page 41
  6. Brock, Euline Williams. "BLACK POLITICAL LEADERSHIP DURING RECONSTRUCTION" (PDF). Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  7. Fitzgerald, Michael W. (2002-09-01). Urban Emancipation: Popular Politics in Reconstruction Mobile, 1860–1890. LSU Press. ISBN   978-0-8071-2837-4.