John Orchard (doctor)

Last updated

John Orchard

AM
Johnorchardcricket.jpg
Born
John William Orchard

1967 (age 56–57)
Australia
Education
Medical career
ProfessionSports and exercise physician
Website johnorchard.com

John Orchard FACSEP AM (born 1967) is an Australian sport and exercise medicine physician, notable for advocating for rule changes in sport to improve player safety. In 2020 he was awarded a Member of the Order of the Order of Australia for significant service to sports medicine, particularly cricket. He was a member of the Australian government advisory group for sport responding to COVID, representing professional sport as the Chief Medical Officer for Cricket Australia [1] and was instrumental in cricket's response to COVID. [2] [3] [4] [5] During 2023, he worked as the General Medical Officer for Australia at the FIFA Women's World Cup. [6]

Contents

Professional sporting teams

He has worked as doctor for the Sydney Swans, [7] Sydney Roosters, NSW State of Origin rugby league team, [8] Sydney Sixers, Cricket NSW and the Australian cricket team. [9]

An incident which led to some infamy was his on-field use of a staple gun to close a head laceration sustained by Michael De Vere during a rugby league State of Origin match . [10] [11] [12] [13]

He also was the doctor on the field who responded to Phillip Hughes when he was felled by a cricket ball during a match in 2014, [14] an injury from which the player later died.

Injury prevention advocacy

Australian Football League

He spent over 20 years as the injury surveillance coordinator for the AFL. [15] [16] During this time injury surveillance drove many rules changes in the league [17] including the centre-circle line (which reduced the rate of knee posterior cruciate ligament injuries in ruckmen) [18] and reductions in permitted interchange to prevent muscle strains. [19]

John Orchard (doctor) John Orchard (doctor).jpg
John Orchard (doctor)

National Rugby League

As Sydney Roosters doctor, he was outspoken on the need to ban the shoulder charge tackle in the NRL prior to this occurring. [20]

Cricket

He campaigned for the introduction of substitutes for concussion in cricket [21] [22] and was the doctor at an Australian domestic game when this rule was first used in 2016. [23] [24] He was cited as having been a key driver of change when the International Cricket Council introduced Concussion substitutes in 2019, [25] [26] along with conducting research in general regarding concussion in cricket. [27] [28]

He also had a role in cricket making a boundary rope compulsory after reporting on injuries caused by fence collisions. [29]

Research

He is an academic (Adjunct Professor) at the University of Sydney [30] and has published over 300 research papers with over 20000 citations, [31] with high output of research into cricket injuries. [32] He is a co-author on multiple International Olympic Committee consensus expert statements on preventing injuries in sport. [33] [34] [35] [36] He has campaigned for funding to better match evidence in the management of musculoskeletal injuries. [37] [38]

Orchard Sports Injury and Illness Classification System (OSIICS)

John Orchard developed a sports injury classification system in 1993 called OSICS. It has been used by multiple sports in Australia, [39] Europe [40] and the USA. [41] In 2020, it was expanded to include further illness codes and adopted as one of two recommended systems by the International Olympic Committee. [42]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Concussion</span> Type of traumatic brain injury

A concussion, also known as a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), is a head injury that temporarily affects brain functioning. Symptoms may include loss of consciousness; memory loss; headaches; difficulty with thinking, concentration, or balance; nausea; blurred vision; dizziness; sleep disturbances, and mood changes. Any of these symptoms may begin immediately, or appear days after the injury. Concussion should be suspected if a person indirectly or directly hits their head and experiences any of the symptoms of concussion. Symptoms of a concussion may be delayed by 1–2 days after the accident. It is not unusual for symptoms to last 2 weeks in adults and 4 weeks in children. Fewer than 10% of sports-related concussions among children are associated with loss of consciousness.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sports medicine</span> Branch of medicine for sports injuries

Sports medicine is a branch of medicine that deals with physical fitness and the treatment and prevention of injuries related to sports and exercise. Although most sports teams have employed team physicians for many years, it is only since the late 20th century that sports medicine emerged as a distinct field of health care. In some countries, sports medicine is a recognized medical specialty. In the majority of countries where sports medicine is recognized and practiced, it is a physician (non-surgical) specialty, but in some, it can equally be a surgical or non-surgical medical specialty, and also a specialty field within primary care. In other contexts, the field of sports medicine encompasses the scope of both medical specialists as well as allied health practitioners who work in the field of sport, such as physiotherapists, athletic trainers, podiatrists and exercise physiologists.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Patellar tendinitis</span> Human disease

Patellar tendinitis, also known as jumper's knee, is an overuse injury of the tendon that straightens the knee. Symptoms include pain in the front of the knee. Typically the pain and tenderness is at the lower part of the kneecap, though the upper part may also be affected. Generally there is no pain when the person is at rest. Complications may include patellar tendon rupture.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Australian cricket team in England and Ireland in 2001</span> Cricket series

In 2001, the Australia national cricket team toured England and Ireland to play county matches and the 2001 Ashes series. The Ashes series was played from 5 July to 27 August.

In both rugby union and rugby league, a blood replacement is a special kind of substitution which can be used in the case of a player having to leave the field of play temporarily to have a wound attended to. Both rugby union and rugby league are physically demanding games, so musculoskeletal injuries are common, as well as injuries to the head and neck, and fractures. During the IRB 2011 Rugby World Cup, a study was conducted to determine the frequency and nature of the injuries sustained. It confirmed that rugby, like many other contact sports, has a high incidence of injury.

<i>British Journal of Sports Medicine</i> Academic journal

The British Journal of Sports Medicine is a twice-monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering sports science and sports medicine including sport physiotherapy. It is published by the BMJ Group. It was established in 1964 and the editor-in-chief from 2008 to 2020 was Karim M. Khan. Jonathan Drezner has been editor-in-chief since January 1, 2021.

The fencing response is an unnatural position of the arms following a concussion. Immediately after moderate forces have been applied to the brainstem, the forearms are held flexed or extended for a period lasting up to several seconds after the impact. The fencing response is often observed during athletic competition involving contact, such as combat sports, American football, Ice hockey, rugby union, rugby league and Australian rules football. It is used as an overt indicator of injury force magnitude and midbrain localization to aid in injury identification and classification for events including on-field and/or bystander observations of sports-related head injuries.

Concussions, a type of mild traumatic brain injury, are a frequent concern for those playing sports, from children and teenagers to professional athletes. Repeated concussions are known to cause neurological disorders, particularly chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), which in professional athletes has led to premature retirement, erratic behavior and even suicide. A sports-related concussion is defined as a "complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain, induced by biomechanical forces". Because concussions cannot be seen on X-rays or CT scans, attempts to prevent concussions have been difficult.

A traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a blow, jolt or penetration to the head that disrupts the function of the brain. Most TBIs are caused by falls, jumps, motor vehicle traffic crashes, being struck by a person or a blunt object, and assault. Student-athletes may be put at risk in school sports, creating concern about concussions and brain injury. A concussion can be caused by a direct blow to the head, or an indirect blow to the body that causes reactions in the brain. The result of a concussion is neurological impairment that may resolve spontaneously but may also have long-term consequences.

The most common injuries in the sport of cricket occur in the lower back, thighs, shoulders, and hands. They can be classified as direct injuries or indirect injuries. Direct injuries are due to impact with the cricket ball, bat, or ground. Indirect injuries occur mostly due to repetitive movement causing overuse of muscles. Fast bowlers have the highest injury prevalence rate followed by batsmen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Concussions in rugby union</span> Risk of concussion from playing rugby union

Concussions in England's professional rugby union are the most common injury received. Concussion can occur where an individual experiences an impact to the head, and commonly occurs in high-contact sporting activities, including American football, boxing, MMA and the rugby codes. It can also occur in recreational activities like horse riding, jumping, cycling, and skiing. The reason is that it doesn't have to be something to strike you in the proximity of the brain, but can also be caused by rapid change of movement, giving the skull not enough time to move with the body, causing the brain to press against the skull. With rugby being such a contact and fast moving sport, it is no wonder why there is concussion and other head injuries occurring. With the development of equipment and training methods, these will help benefit the players on the field know what could happen and how they can help with preventing it.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caroline Finch</span> Australian statistician

Caroline Finch AO is an Australian sports injury epidemiologist and sports injury prevention researcher. Her research has been adopted and used to directly inform safety policy by Government Departments of Sport and Health, health promotion and injury prevention agencies, and peak sports bodies both within Australia and internationally. Her injury prevention research has been applied to falls in older people, road safety, workplace safety and injuries in children.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Australasian College of Sport and Exercise Physicians</span>

The Australasian College of Sport and Exercise Physicians (ACSEP) is a not-for-profit professional organisation responsible for training, educating, and representing over 350 doctors in Australia and New Zealand. These doctors practise medicine in the specialty of sport and exercise medicine (SEM). The ACSEP is the smallest of the 15 recognised specialist medical Colleges in Australia with approximately 260 Fellows and Registrars in 2020. Australia and New Zealand, along with the UK, have been cited as pioneer countries in the establishment of SEM as a stand-alone specialty.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Karim M. Khan</span> Canadian/Australian sport and exercise medicine physician

Karim M. Khan is a former sport and exercise medicine physician who served as editor in chief of the British Journal of Sports Medicine from 2008-2020. He was awarded the Officer of the Order of Australia in 2019 for "distinguished service to sport and exercise medicine and to the promotion of physical activity for community health" and an Honorary Fellowship of the Faculty of Sport and Exercise Medicine (UK) in 2014.

The American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM) is a large sports medicine membership organization, representing over 3000 physicians in the United States, established in 1991. AMSSM includes members who serve as team physicians at the youth level, NCAA, NFL, MLB, NBA, WNBA, MLS, and NHL, as well as with Olympic and Paralympic teams.

A pediatric concussion, also known as pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), is a head trauma that impacts the brain capacity. Concussion can affect functional, emotional, cognitive and physical factors and can occur in people of all ages. Symptoms following after the concussion vary and may include confusion, disorientation, lightheadedness, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, loss of consciousness (LOC) and environment sensitivity. Concussion symptoms may vary based on the type, severity and location of the head injury. Concussion symptoms in infants, children, and adolescents often appear immediately after the injury, however, some symptoms may arise multiple days following the injury leading to a concussion. The majority of pediatric patients recover from the symptoms within one month following the injury. 10-30% of children and adolescents have a higher risk of a delayed recovery or of experiencing concussion symptoms that are persisting.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Orchard Sports Injury and Illness Classification System</span> Injury classification system

The Orchard Sports Injury and Illness Classification System (OSIICS), previously OSICS, is an injury classification system for sports injuries and illnesses. It was first created in 1993 and is free for sporting teams and competitions to use. It is one of the two major Sports Injury classification systems in use worldwide; the other is the Sports Medicine Diagnostic Coding System.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Exercise medicine</span> Branch of medicine as it relates to Exercise

Exercise medicine is a branch of medicine that deals with physical fitness and the prevention and treatment of injuries and illness with exercise. In some countries, Sport and Exercise Medicine (SEM) is a recognized medical specialty. Exercise medicine is therefore an emerging physician (non-surgical) specialty, but there is also a belief that exercise is treatment of such fundamental benefit that it should be incorporated into all medical specialties. Allied health practitioners also can specialize in exercise such as exercise physiologists, physiotherapists, athletic trainers and podiatrists.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carolyn Broderick</span> Australian sport and exercise medicine physician (born 1965)

Carolyn Broderick is an Australian sport and exercise physician, who was the first female Australian Medical Director for an Australian Olympic team, and the Chief Medical Officer for Tennis Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ollie Jay</span> Australian heat researcher

Ollie Jay is an Australian-Welsh academic based at the University of Sydney who is a researcher into exercise and working in hot conditions.

References

  1. ↑ Australian Government Department of Health (30 May 2020). "COVID-19 Sports and Health Advisory Committee (C19SHAC)". Australian Government Department of Health. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
  2. ↑ Wu, Andrew (21 August 2020). "How Cricket Australia got the show back on the road". The Sydney Morning Herald.
  3. ↑ "CA medicos map path out of COVID-19 shutdown". cricket.com.au. AAP. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
  4. ↑ Bull, Andy (6 October 2021). "Players' stand over Ashes shows shift in attitudes since Marcus Trescothick's day". the Guardian. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
  5. ↑ Snape, Jack (22 November 2021). "New age of the asterisk? Integrity of elite sport under pressure as pandemic goalposts shift". ABC News. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
  6. ↑ "Preparation, performance and physiotherapy: Women's World Cup series". events.sma.org.au. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
  7. ↑ Cherny, Daniel (15 November 2014). "Pssst: How John Orchard went from footy diehard to become cricket's top doctor". The Age.
  8. ↑ "John Orchard". British Journal of Sports Medicine. 41 (4): 199. 2007. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2006.032235. ISSN   0306-3674. PMC   2658944 .
  9. ↑ "Cricket NSW congratulates Australia Day Honours recipients". Cricket NSW. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
  10. ↑ "WATCH: Joey recalls staple gun incident". wwos.nine.com.au.
  11. ↑ "State of Origin: Michael De Vere stapler, Des Hasler link". Fox Sports. 31 May 2017.
  12. ↑ "Money and the gun: Blues stick to staple diet". The Sydney Morning Herald. 19 June 2003. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
  13. ↑ "Dr John Orchard on the "metal staples - no local anaesthesia" - discussion. Guest Blog". BJSM blog - social media's leading SEM voice. 18 August 2012.
  14. ↑ Webster, Andrew (26 November 2014). "John Orchard: the man who gave Phillip Hughes a fighting chance". The Sydney Morning Herald.
  15. ↑ Orchard, John W.; Seward, Hugh; Orchard, Jessica J. (April 2013). "Results of 2 decades of injury surveillance and public release of data in the Australian Football League". The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 41 (4): 734–741. doi:10.1177/0363546513476270. ISSN   1552-3365. PMID   23460329. S2CID   45592953.
  16. ↑ Broad, Ben (14 May 2009). "Heavy hitters: Dr John Orchard". www.afl.com.au.
  17. ↑ Orchard, John; McCrory, Paul; Makdissi, Michael; Seward, Hugh; Finch, Caroline (December 2014). "Use of rule changes to reduce injury in the Australian Football League". Minerva Ortopedica e Traumatologica. 65 (6): 355–364. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
  18. ↑ Orchard, J. W.; Seward, H. (December 2009). "Decreased incidence of knee posterior cruciate ligament injury in Australian Football League after ruck rule change". British Journal of Sports Medicine. 43 (13): 1026–1030. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2009.063123. ISSN   1473-0480. PMID   19850572. S2CID   21771432.
  19. ↑ Orchard, John W.; Driscoll, Tim; Seward, Hugh; Orchard, Jessica J. (May 2012). "Relationship between interchange usage and risk of hamstring injuries in the Australian Football League". Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 15 (3): 201–206. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2011.11.250. ISSN   1878-1861. PMID   22197066.
  20. ↑ Honeysett, Stuart (11 April 2012). "NFL-style class action fear as doctor warns of massive legal hit". www.theaustralian.com.au.
  21. ↑ "Doctor calls for tighter cricket concussion rules". www.abc.net.au. 28 November 2013.
  22. ↑ Barrett, Chris (7 February 2016). "Ed Cowan concussion a reminder that cricket is living in past with no substitution rule". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 16 February 2021.
  23. ↑ "Hughes blow leads to first concussion sub". cricket.com.au.
  24. ↑ "NSW batsman Daniel Hughes makes history as concussion sub". www.abc.net.au. 21 October 2016.
  25. ↑ Wu, Andrew (19 July 2019). "Historic call: Concussion subs approved for all international cricket". The Sydney Morning Herald.
  26. ↑ Craddock, Robert (9 December 2020). "The biggest selection headache Australia has ever faced". www.couriermail.com.au. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
  27. ↑ Brettig, Daniel (13 February 2022). "Pucovski saga's parallel probe into cricket helmet safety". The Age.
  28. ↑ Saw, Anna E; Howard, David J; Kountouris, Alex; McIntosh, Andrew S; Orchard, John W; Saw, Richard; Hill, Thomas (January 2020). "Situational factors associated with concussion in cricket identified from video analysis". Journal of Concussion. 4: 205970022094719. doi: 10.1177/2059700220947197 . ISSN   2059-7002. S2CID   226452961.
  29. ↑ Orchard, J.; James, T.; Alcott, E.; Carter, S.; Farhart, P. (August 2002). "Injuries in Australian cricket at first class level 1995/1996 to 2000/2001". British Journal of Sports Medicine. 36 (4): 270–274, discussion 275. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.36.4.270 . ISSN   0306-3674. PMC   1724521 . PMID   12145117.
  30. ↑ "Staff Profile". The University of Sydney.
  31. ↑ "John Orchard AM - Google Scholar". scholar.google.com.au. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
  32. ↑ Dhillon, Mandeep S.; Patel, Sandeep; Sharma, Siddhartha (23 August 2023). "Beyond the Boundary: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Published Research on Injuries in Cricket". Indian Journal of Orthopaedics. doi:10.1007/s43465-023-00973-9. ISSN   1998-3727.
  33. ↑ Soligard, T; Schwellnus, M; Alonso, JM; Bahr, R; Clarsen, B; Dijkstra, HP; Gabbett, T; Gleeson, M; Hägglund, M; Hutchinson, MR; Janse van Rensburg, C; Khan, KM; Meeusen, R; Orchard, JW; Pluim, BM; Raftery, M; Budgett, R; Engebretsen, L (September 2016). "How much is too much? (Part 1) International Olympic Committee consensus statement on load in sport and risk of injury". British Journal of Sports Medicine. 50 (17): 1030–41. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096581 . hdl: 2263/57024 . PMID   27535989.
  34. ↑ Schwellnus, M; Soligard, T; Alonso, JM; Bahr, R; Clarsen, B; Dijkstra, HP; Gabbett, TJ; Gleeson, M; Hägglund, M; Hutchinson, MR; Janse Van Rensburg, C; Meeusen, R; Orchard, JW; Pluim, BM; Raftery, M; Budgett, R; Engebretsen, L (September 2016). "How much is too much? (Part 2) International Olympic Committee consensus statement on load in sport and risk of illness". British Journal of Sports Medicine. 50 (17): 1043–52. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096572 . PMC   5013087 . PMID   27535991.
  35. ↑ Hainline, B; Derman, W; Vernec, A; Budgett, R; Deie, M; Dvořák, J; Harle, C; Herring, SA; McNamee, M; Meeuwisse, W; Lorimer Moseley, G; Omololu, B; Orchard, J; Pipe, A; Pluim, BM; Ræder, J; Siebert, C; Stewart, M; Stuart, M; Turner, JA; Ware, M; Zideman, D; Engebretsen, L (September 2017). "International Olympic Committee consensus statement on pain management in elite athletes". British Journal of Sports Medicine. 51 (17): 1245–1258. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-097884 . PMID   28827314.
  36. ↑ Bahr, R; Clarsen, B; Derman, W; Dvorak, J; Emery, CA; Finch, CF; Hägglund, M; Junge, A; Kemp, S; Khan, KM; Marshall, SW; Meeuwisse, W; Mountjoy, M; Orchard, JW; Pluim, B; Quarrie, KL; Reider, B; Schwellnus, M; Soligard, T; Stokes, KA; Timpka, T; Verhagen, E; Bindra, A; Budgett, R; Engebretsen, L; Erdener, U; Chamari, K (April 2020). "International Olympic Committee consensus statement: methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport 2020 (including STROBE Extension for Sport Injury and Illness Surveillance (STROBE-SIIS))". British Journal of Sports Medicine. 54 (7): 372–389. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-101969 . PMC   7146946 . PMID   32071062.
  37. ↑ Orchard, John W. (1 October 2022). "Knee osteoarthritis in Australia: A 20-year case study of funding-system failure with poor outcomes". JSAMS Plus. 1: 100009. doi: 10.1016/j.jsampl.2022.100009 . ISSN   2772-6967.
  38. ↑ Orchard, J. W. (1 February 2023). "Pay attention to the evidence: in the longer term, intraarticular corticosteroid injections offer only harm for knee osteoarthritis". Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 31 (2): 142–143. doi:10.1016/j.joca.2022.10.012. ISSN   1063-4584.
  39. ↑ Finch, CF; Orchard, JW; Twomey, DM; Saad Saleem, M; Ekegren, CL; Lloyd, DG; Elliott, BC (April 2014). "Coding OSICS sports injury diagnoses in epidemiological studies: does the background of the coder matter?". British Journal of Sports Medicine. 48 (7): 552–6. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2012-091219. PMC   3963545 . PMID   22919021.
  40. ↑ Hammond, LE; Lilley, J; Ribbans, WJ (July 2009). "Coding sports injury surveillance data: has version 10 of the Orchard Sports Injury Classification System improved the classification of sports medicine diagnoses?". British Journal of Sports Medicine. 43 (7): 498–502. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2008.051979. PMID   19050000. S2CID   24330003.
  41. ↑ Crossway, AK; Games, KE; Eberman, LE; Fleming, N (2017). "Orchard Sports Injury Classification System 10.1 Plus: An End-User Study". International Journal of Exercise Science. 10 (2): 284–293. PMC   5360368 . PMID   28344740.
  42. ↑ Orchard, JW; Meeuwisse, W; Derman, W; Hägglund, M; Soligard, T; Schwellnus, M; Bahr, R (April 2020). "Sport Medicine Diagnostic Coding System (SMDCS) and the Orchard Sports Injury and Illness Classification System (OSIICS): revised 2020 consensus versions". British Journal of Sports Medicine. 54 (7): 397–401. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-101921 . PMID   32114487. S2CID   211724559.
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