International Cricket Council

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International Cricket Council
AbbreviationICC
PredecessorImperial Cricket Conference (1909–1965)
International Cricket Conference (1965–1989)
Formation15 June 1909;114 years ago (1909-06-15)
Type Federation of national associations
Headquarters Dubai, United Arab Emirates (2005–present)
London, England (1909–2005)
Membership
108 members
Official languages
English
Greg Barclay
Deputy Chairman
Imran Khwaja
CEO
Geoff Allardice [1]
General Manager
Wasim Khan
Revenue (2022-23)
US$431.93 million [2]
Expenses (2022-23)US$223.55 million [2]
Award(s) ICC Awards
Website www.icc-cricket.com

The International Cricket Council (ICC) is the global governing body of cricket. It was founded as the Imperial Cricket Conference in 1909 by representatives from Australia, England, and South Africa. It was renamed as the International Cricket Conference in 1965 and adopted its current name in 1987. The ICC has its headquarters in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

Contents

The ICC currently has 108 member nations: 12 Full Members that play Test matches, and 96 Associate Members. [3] The ICC is responsible for the organisation and governance of cricket's major international tournaments, most notably the Cricket World Cup, T20 World Cup, and ICC World Test Championship. It also appoints the umpires and referees that officiate at all sanctioned Test matches, One Day Internationals and Twenty20 Internationals. It promulgates the ICC Code of Conduct, which sets professional standards of discipline for international cricket, [4] and also co-ordinates action against corruption and match-fixing through its Anti-Corruption and Security Unit (ACSU).

The ICC does not control bilateral fixtures between member countries (which include all Test matches outside of the World Test Championship Final), and neither does it govern domestic cricket within member countries. It does not make or alter the laws of the game, which have remained under the governance of the Marylebone Cricket Club since 1788. [5]

The Chairman heads the board of directors and on June 26, 2014, Narayanaswami Srinivasan, the former president of BCCI, was announced as the first chairman of the council. [6] The role of ICC president became a largely honorary position after the establishment of the chairman role and other changes made to the ICC constitution in 2014. It has been claimed that the 2014 changes have handed control to the 'Big Three' nations of England, India and Australia. [7] The last ICC president was Zaheer Abbas, [8] who was appointed in June 2015 following the resignation of Mustafa Kamal in April 2015. When the post of ICC president was abolished in April 2016, Shashank Manohar, who replaced Srinivasan in October 2015, became the first independent elected chairman of the ICC. [9]

History

1909–1963 – Imperial Cricket Conference

On 30 November 1907, Abe Bailey, the President of the South African Cricket Association, wrote a letter to the Marylebone Cricket Club's (MCC, England) secretary, Francis Lacey. Bailey suggested the formation of an 'Imperial Cricket Board'. In the letter, he suggested that the board would be responsible for the formulation of rules and regulations that would govern the bilateral international matches of the three members, Australia, England and South Africa. Bailey wanted to host a Triangular Test series among the participant countries in South Africa. However, Australia rejected the offer. Still, Bailey did not lose hope. He saw an opportunity of getting the three members together during Australia's tour of England in 1909. After continued lobbying and efforts, Bailey was successful. [10]

On 15 June 1909, representatives from England, Australia and South Africa met at Lord's and founded the Imperial Cricket Conference. A month later, a second meeting between the three members was held. The rules were agreed upon amongst the nations, and the first-ever Tri-Test series was decided to be held in England in 1912. [10]

In 1926, West Indies, New Zealand and India were elected as Full Members, doubling the number of Test-playing nations to six. After the formation of Pakistan in 1947, it was given Test status five years later in 1952, becoming the seventh Test-playing nation. In May 1961, South Africa left the Commonwealth and therefore lost membership. [10]

1964–1988 – International Cricket Conference

In 1964, the ICC agreed to include non-Test playing countries. The following year, the ICC changed its name to the International Cricket Conference. The US, Ceylon and Fiji were admitted as Associates, a new class of members. [11]

In 1968, Denmark, Bermuda, Netherlands, and East Africa were admitted as Associates, while South Africa had still not applied to rejoin the ICC.

In 1969, the basic rules of ICC were amended.

At the 1971 meeting, the idea of organizing a World Cup was introduced. At the 1973 meeting, it was decided that a World Cup would be played in 1975 in England. The six Test playing nations and East Africa and Sri Lanka were invited to take part. [11]

New members were added frequently during this period:

In 1974, Israel and Singapore were admitted as Associates.

In 1976, West Africa was admitted as an Associate.

In 1977, Bangladesh was admitted as an Associate.

In 1978, Papua-New Guinea was admitted as an Associate. South Africa applied to rejoin, but their application was rejected.

In 1981, Sri Lanka was promoted to a Full Member, and they played their first Test in 1982.

In 1984, a third class of membership (Affiliate) was introduced. Italy was the first such member, followed by Switzerland in 1985. In 1987, Bahamas and France were admitted, followed by Nepal in 1988.

1989–present – International Cricket Council

At the July 1989 meeting, the ICC renamed itself as the International Cricket Council, and the tradition of the MCC President automatically becoming the Chairman of ICC was abolished. [12]

In 1990, UAE joined as an Associate.

In 1991, for the first time in ICC history, the meeting was held away from England, in Melbourne, Australia. South Africa was re-elected as a Full Member of the ICC in July, following the end of apartheid.

In 1992, Zimbabwe was admitted as the ninth Full Member. Namibia joined as an Associate member. Austria, Belgium, Brunei and Spain all joined as Affiliates.

In 1993, the position of Chief Executive of ICC was created; David Richards of the Australian Cricket Board was the first person appointed to the position. In July, Sir Clyde Walcott, from Barbados, was elected as the first non-British Chairman. The emergence of new technology saw the introduction of a third umpire who was equipped with video playback facilities.

By 1995, TV replays were made available for run-outs and stumpings in Test matches, with the third umpire required to signal out or not out with red and green lights respectively. The following year, the cameras were used to determine if the ball had crossed the boundary.

In 1997 decisions on the cleanness of catches could be referred to the third umpire. This year also saw the introduction of the Duckworth-Lewis method, a way of adjusting targets in rain-affected ODI matches.

In 2000, Bangladesh was admitted as the tenth Full Member of the International Cricket Council.

In 2005, ICC moved to its new headquarters to Dubai.

In 2017, Afghanistan and Ireland were admitted as the eleventh and twelfth Full Members of the International Cricket Council after a unanimous vote at the ICC Full Council meeting at The Oval. Affiliate Membership was also abolished, with all existing Affiliate Members becoming Associate Members.

In 2018, all Women's T20 matches were elevated to Women's Twenty20 International status.

In 2019, all Men's T20 matches were elevated to Twenty20 International status.

In July 2022, Cambodia, Cote D'Ivoire, and Uzbekistan were granted associate member status by the ICC. [13] [14]

On 12 June 2023, After Australia's ICC World Test Championship title win against India, in the final by 209 runs at The Oval, Australia made history by becoming the first-ever team to clinch all major ICC trophies.[ citation needed ]

Members

Current ICC Members by Membership status:

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Full Members

Associate Members with ODI status

Associate Members

Former or suspended Members

Non-Members International Cricket Council members (by status) 2017.svg
Current ICC Members by Membership status:
  Full Members
  Associate Members with ODI status
  Associate Members
  Former or suspended Members
  Non-Members

Full Members – The 12 governing bodies of teams that have full voting rights within the International Cricket Council and play official Test matches.

CountryTeamsGoverning bodyFull member sinceTest status sinceRegion
Flag of England.svg  England MenWomenU19 England and Wales Cricket Board 15 June 190915 March 1877 Europe
Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia MenWomenU19 Cricket Australia 15 June 190915 March 1877 East Asia-Pacific
Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa MenWomenU19 Cricket South Africa 15 June 190912 March 1889 Africa
WestIndiesCricketFlagPre1999.svg  West Indies MenWomenU19 Cricket West Indies 31 May 192623 June 1928 Americas
Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand MenWomenU19 New Zealand Cricket 31 May 192610 January 1930 East Asia-Pacific
Flag of India.svg  India MenWomenU19 Board of Control for Cricket in India 31 May 192625 June 1932 Asia
Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan MenWomenU19 Pakistan Cricket Board 28 July 195216 October 1952 Asia
Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka MenWomenU19 Sri Lanka Cricket 21 July 198121 July 1981 Asia
Flag of Zimbabwe.svg  Zimbabwe MenWomenU19 Zimbabwe Cricket 6 July 199218 October 1992 Africa
Flag of Bangladesh.svg  Bangladesh MenWomenU19 Bangladesh Cricket Board 26 June 200010 November 2000 Asia
Cricket Ireland flag.svg  Ireland MenWomenU19 Cricket Ireland 22 June 201711 May 2018 Europe
Flag of Afghanistan (2013-2021).svg  Afghanistan MenWomenU19 Afghanistan Cricket Board 22 June 201714 June 2018 Asia

Associate Members – The 96 governing bodies in countries where cricket is firmly established and organized, but have not been granted Full Membership yet.

Currently, 8 associate teams have temporary ODI status until 2027. These teams are one tier above the rest of the associate teams.

CountryGoverning bodyAssociate member sinceODI status sinceRegion
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands Royal Dutch Cricket Association 19662018 Europe
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada Cricket Canada 19682023 Americas
Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  United Arab Emirates Emirates Cricket Board 19902014 Asia
Flag of Namibia.svg  Namibia Cricket Namibia 19922019 Africa
Flag of Scotland.svg  Scotland Cricket Scotland 19942005 Europe
Flag of Nepal.svg    Nepal Cricket Association of Nepal 19962018 Asia
Flag of Oman.svg  Oman Oman Cricket 20142019 Asia
Flag of the United States.svg  United States USA Cricket 20192019 Americas

The details of all 96 associate teams are presented in the table below:

CountryTeamsGovernmentAffiliate membershipAssociate membershipRegion
Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina MenWomenU19 Argentine Cricket Association N/A1974 Americas
Flag of Austria.svg  Austria MenWomenU19 Austrian Cricket Association 19922017 Europe
Flag of the Bahamas.svg  Bahamas MenWomenU19 Bahamas Cricket Association 19872017 Americas
Flag of Bahrain.svg  Bahrain MenWomenU19 Bahrain Cricket Association 20012017 Asia
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium MenWomenU19 Belgian Cricket Federation 19912005 Europe
Flag of Belize.svg  Belize MenWomenU19 Belize National Cricket Association 19972017 Americas
Flag of Bermuda.svg  Bermuda MenWomenU19 Bermuda Cricket Board N/A1966 Americas
Flag of Bhutan.svg  Bhutan MenWomenU19 Bhutan Cricket Council Board 20012017 Asia
Flag of Botswana.svg  Botswana MenWomenU19 Botswana Cricket Association 20012005 Africa
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil MenWomenU19 Brazilian Cricket Confederation 20022017 Americas
Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria MenWomenU19 Bulgarian Cricket Federation 20082017 Europe
Flag of Cambodia.svg  Cambodia MenWomenU19 Cricket Association of Cambodia N/A2022 Asia
Flag of Cameroon.svg  Cameroon MenWomenU19 Cameroon Cricket Federation 20072017 Africa
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada MenWomenU19 Cricket Canada N/A1968 Americas
Flag of the Cayman Islands.svg  Cayman Islands MenWomenU19 Cayman Islands Cricket Association 19972002 Americas
Flag of Chile.svg  Chile MenWomenU19 Chilean Cricket Association 20022017 Americas
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China MenWomenU19 Chinese Cricket Association 20042017 Asia
Flag of the Cook Islands.svg  Cook Islands MenWomenU19 Cook Islands Cricket Association 20002017 East Asia-Pacific
Flag of Costa Rica.svg  Costa Rica MenWomenU19 Costa Rica Cricket Federation 20022017 Americas
Flag of Croatia.svg  Croatia MenWomenU19 Croatian Cricket Federation 20012017 Europe
Flag of Cyprus.svg  Cyprus MenWomenU19 Cyprus Cricket Association 19992017 Europe
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic MenWomenU19 Czech Cricket Union 20002017 Europe
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark MenWomenU19 Danish Cricket Federation N/A1966 Europe
Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia MenWomenU19 Estonian Cricket Association 20082017 Europe
Flag of Eswatini.svg  Eswatini MenWomenU19 Eswatini Cricket Association 20072017 Africa
Flag of the Falkland Islands.svg  Falkland Islands MenWomenU19 Falkland Cricket Association 20072017 Americas
Flag of Fiji.svg  Fiji MenWomenU19 Cricket Fiji N/A1965 East Asia-Pacific
Flag of Finland.svg  Finland MenWomenU19 Cricket Finland 20002017 Europe
Flag of France.svg  France MenWomenU19 France Cricket Association 19871998 Europe
Flag of The Gambia.svg  Gambia MenWomenU19 Gambia Cricket Association 20022017 Africa
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany MenWomenU19 German Cricket Federation 19911999 Europe
Flag of Ghana.svg  Ghana MenWomenU19 Ghana Cricket Association 20022017 Africa
Flag of Gibraltar.svg  Gibraltar MenWomenU19 Gibraltar Cricket Association N/A1969 Europe
Flag of Greece.svg  Greece MenWomenU19 Hellenic Cricket Federation 19952017 Europe
Flag of Guernsey.svg  Guernsey MenWomenU19 Guernsey Cricket Board 20052008 Europe
Flag of Hong Kong.svg  Hong Kong MenWomenU19 Cricket Hong Kong N/A1969 Asia
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary MenWomenU19 Hungarian Cricket Association 20122017 Europe
Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia MenWomenU19 Cricket Indonesia 20012017 Asia/East Asia-Pacific
Flag of Iran.svg  Iran MenWomenU19 Islamic Republic of Iran Cricket Association 20032017 Asia
Flag of the Isle of Man.svg  Isle of Man MenWomenU19 Isle of Man Cricket Association 20042017 Europe
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel MenWomenU19 Israel Cricket Association N/A1974 Europe
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy MenWomenU19 Italian Cricket Federation 19841995 Europe
Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg  Ivory Coast MenWomenU19 Côte d’Ivoire Cricket Federation N/A2022 Africa
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan MenWomenU19 Japan Cricket Association 19892005 Asia/East Asia-Pacific
Flag of Jersey.svg  Jersey MenWomenU19 Jersey Cricket Board 20052007 Europe
Flag of Kenya.svg  Kenya MenWomenU19 Cricket Kenya N/A1981 Africa
Flag of Kuwait.svg  Kuwait MenWomenU19 Cricket Kuwait 19982005 Asia
Flag of Lesotho.svg  Lesotho MenWomenU19 Lesotho Cricket Association 20012017 Africa
Flag of Luxembourg.svg  Luxembourg MenWomenU19 Luxembourg Cricket Federation 19982017 Europe
Flag of Malawi.svg  Malawi MenWomenU19 Cricket Malawi 19982017 Africa
Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia MenWomenU19 Malaysian Cricket Association N/A1967 Asia
Flag of Maldives.svg  Maldives MenWomenU19 Cricket Board of Maldives 19982017 Asia
Flag of Mali.svg  Mali MenWomenU19 Malian Cricket Federation 20052017 Africa
Flag of Malta.svg  Malta MenWomenU19 Malta Cricket Association 19982017 Europe
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico MenWomenU19 Mexico Cricket Association 20042017 Americas
Flag of Mongolia.svg  Mongolia MenWomenU19 Mongolia Cricket Association N/A2021 Asia
Flag of Mozambique.svg  Mozambique MenWomenU19 Mozambican Cricket Association 20032017 Africa
Flag of Myanmar.svg  Myanmar MenWomenU19 Myanmar Cricket Federation 20062017 Asia
Flag of Namibia.svg  Namibia MenWomenU19 Cricket Namibia N/A1992 Africa
Flag of Nepal.svg    Nepal MenWomenU19 Cricket Association of Nepal 19881996 Asia
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands MenWomenU19 Royal Dutch Cricket Association N/A1966 Europe
Flag of Nigeria.svg  Nigeria MenWomenU19 Nigeria Cricket Federation N/A2002 Africa
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway MenWomenU19 Norwegian Cricket Board 20002017 Europe
Flag of Oman.svg  Oman MenWomenU19 Oman Cricket 20002014 Asia
Flag of Panama.svg  Panama MenWomenU19 Panama Cricket Association 20022017 Americas
Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg  Papua New Guinea MenWomenU19 Cricket PNG N/A1973 East Asia-Pacific
Flag of Peru.svg  Peru MenWomenU19 Peru Cricket Association 20072017 Americas
Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines MenWomenU19 Philippine Cricket Association 20002017 East Asia-Pacific
Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal MenWomenU19 Portuguese Cricket Federation 19962017 Europe
Flag of Qatar.svg  Qatar MenWomenU19 Qatar Cricket Association 19992017 Asia
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania MenWomenU19 Cricket Romania 20132017 Europe
Flag of Rwanda.svg  Rwanda MenWomenU19 Rwanda Cricket Association 20032017 Africa
Flag of Saint Helena.svg  Saint Helena MenWomenU19 St Helena Cricket Association 20012017 Africa
Flag of Samoa.svg  Samoa MenWomenU19 Samoa International Cricket Association 20002017 East Asia-Pacific
Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia MenWomenU19 Saudi Arabian Cricket Federation 20032016 Asia
Flag of Scotland.svg  Scotland MenWomenU19 Cricket Scotland N/A1994 Europe
Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia MenWomenU19 Serbian Cricket Federation 20152017 Europe
Flag of Seychelles.svg  Seychelles MenWomenU19 Seychelles Cricket Association 20102017 Africa
Flag of Sierra Leone.svg  Sierra Leone MenWomenU19 Sierra Leone Cricket Association 20022017 Africa
Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore MenWomenU19 Singapore Cricket Association N/A1974 Asia
Flag of Slovenia.svg  Slovenia MenWomenU19 Slovenian Cricket Association 20052017 Europe
Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea MenWomenU19 Korea Cricket Association 20012017 East Asia-Pacific
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain MenWomenU19 Cricket Spain 19922017 Europe
Flag of Suriname.svg  Suriname MenWomenU19 Suriname Cricket Board 20022011 Americas
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden MenWomenU19 Swedish Cricket Federation 19972017 Europe
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland MenWomenU19 Cricket Switzerland 1985 [lower-alpha 1] 2021 Europe
Flag of Tajikistan.svg  Tajikistan MenWomenU19 Tajikistan Cricket Federation N/A2021 Asia
Flag of Tanzania.svg  Tanzania MenWomenU19 Tanzania Cricket Association N/A2001 Africa
Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand MenWomenU19 Cricket Association of Thailand 19952005 Asia
Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey MenWomenU19 Cricket Turkey 20082017 Europe
Flag of the Turks and Caicos Islands.svg  Turks and Caicos Islands MenWomenU19 Turks and Caicos Cricket Association 20022017 Americas
Flag of Uganda.svg  Uganda MenWomenU19 Uganda Cricket Association N/A1998 Africa
Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  United Arab Emirates MenWomenU19 Emirates Cricket Board 19891990 Asia
Flag of the United States.svg  United States MenWomenU19 USA Cricket N/A1965 [lower-alpha 2]

2019

Americas
Flag of Uzbekistan.svg  Uzbekistan MenWomenU19 Cricket Federation of Uzbekistan N/A2022 Asia
Flag of Vanuatu.svg  Vanuatu MenWomenU19 Vanuatu Cricket Association 19952009 East Asia-Pacific

Suspended Members – The ICC Memorandum & Articles of Association states that “any Member that has its membership suspended shall, unless the Board of Directors decides otherwise in its absolute discretion, and for the period of such suspension, be deprived of all of its rights as a Member (whether set out in these Articles of Association or otherwise), including its right to receive distributions of surplus ICC revenues, its right to participate in events sanctioned by the ICC and its right to attend and vote at meetings.” [18] There are currently no suspended members of the ICC, with the most recent example being of Sri Lanka, who were suspended from November 10, 2023, to January 28, 2024, due to a lack of anonymity with their government. [19]

CountryTeamsGoverning bodyFull member sinceTest status sinceSuspendedReason SuspendedRegion

Location

The ICC's offices in Dubai ICC Dubai 1.jpg
The ICC's offices in Dubai

Since its creation, the ICC had the Lord's Cricket Ground as its home, and in 1993 moved its offices to the "Clock Tower" building at the nursery end of the ground. The independently run ICC was funded initially by commercial exploitation of the rights to the World Cup of One Day International cricket. As not all Member countries had double-tax agreements with the United Kingdom, it was necessary to protect cricket's revenues by creating a company, ICC Development (International) Pvt. Ltd, known as IDI outside the UK. This was established in January 1994 and was based in Monaco [ This paragraph needs citation(s) ].

For the remainder of the nineties, the administration of IDI was a modest affair. But with the negotiation of a bundle of rights to all ICC events from 2001 to 2008, revenues available to International cricket and the ICC member countries rose substantially. This led to a growth in the number of commercial staff employed by IDI in Monaco. It also had the disadvantage that the council's cricket administrators, who remained at Lord's, were separated from their commercial colleagues in Monaco. The Council decided to seek ways of bringing all of their staff together in one office while protecting their commercial income from tax.[ This paragraph needs citation(s) ]

The option of staying at Lord's was investigated and a request was made, through Sport England, to the British Government to allow the ICC to have all its personnel (including those working on commercial matters) in London – but be given special exemption from paying UK corporation tax on its commercial income. The British Government was unwilling to create a precedent and would not agree to this request. As a consequence, the ICC examined other locations and eventually settled on the city of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates. The ICC is also registered in British Virgin Islands. In August 2005, the ICC moved its offices to Dubai, and subsequently closed its offices at Lord's and Monaco. The move to Dubai was made after an 11–1 vote by the ICC's executive board in favour. [20]

While the principal driver of the ICC's move to Dubai was the wish to bring its main employees together in one tax-efficient location, a secondary reason was the wish to move offices closer to the increasingly important new centres of cricketing power in South Asia. Lord's had been a logical venue when the ICC had been administered by the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) (a situation that lasted until 1993). But the growing power of India and Pakistan in world cricket had made the continued control of international cricket by a British private members club (the MCC) anachronistic and unsustainable. A direct consequence of the changes and reforms instituted in 1993 was eventually to be the move away from Lord's to a more neutral venue. [21]

Income generation

Variant ICC Logo with old motto ICC logo 2010.jpg
Variant ICC Logo with old motto

The ICC generates income from the tournaments it organises, primarily the Cricket World Cup, and it distributes the majority of that income to its members. Sponsorship and television rights of the World Cup brought in over US$1.6 billion between 2007 and 2015, by far the ICC's main source of income. [22] [23] In the nine-month accounting period to 31 December 2007 the ICC had operating income of $12.66 million, mainly from member subscriptions and sponsorship. In contrast, event income was US$285.87 million, including $239 million from the 2007 World Cup. There was also investment income of $6.695 million in the period. In 2022 ICC generated US$208,375,000 as an net income. [24]

The ICC has no income streams from the bilateral international cricket matches (Test matches, One Day International and Twenty20 Internationals), that account for the great majority of the international playing schedule, as they are owned and run by its members. It has sought to create other new events to augment its World Cup revenues. These include the ICC Champions Trophy and the ICC Super Series played in Australia in 2005. However, these events have not been as successful as the ICC hoped. The Super Series was widely seen as a failure and is not expected to be repeated, and India called for the Champions Trophy to be scrapped in 2006. [25] The Champions Trophy 2004 event was referred to in Wisden 2005 by the editor as a "turkey of a tournament" and a "fiasco"; although the 2006 event was seen as a greater success due to a new format. [26] [27]

The ICC World Twenty20, first played in 2007, was a success. The ICC's current plan is to have an international tournament every year, with a Twenty20 World Cup played in even number years, the World Cup continuing to be held the year before the Olympic Games, and the ICC Champions Trophy in the remaining year of the cycle. This cycle began in 2010, one year after the 2009 tournament.

International tournaments

ICC Events

The ICC organizes various international Test , One-Day and Twenty20 cricket competitions for Men, Women and Under-19 national teams. The details are presented in the table below:

TournamentLatest editionFormatChampionsNext edition
Men
ICC World Test Championship 2021-23 Flag of England.svg Test Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 2023-25 Flag of England.svg
ICC Cricket World Cup 2023 Flag of India.svg ODI Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 2027 Flag of South Africa.svg Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Flag of Namibia.svg
ICC Champions Trophy 2017 Flag of England.svg Flag of Wales (1959-present).svg Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan 2025 Flag of Pakistan.svg
ICC T20 World Cup 2022 Flag of Australia (converted).svg T20I Flag of England.svg  England 2024 WestIndiesCricketFlagPre1999.svg Flag of the United States.svg
Women
ICC Women's Cricket World Cup 2022 Flag of New Zealand.svg WODI Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 2025 Flag of India.svg
ICC Women's T20 World Cup 2023 Flag of South Africa.svg WT20I Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 2024 Flag of Bangladesh.svg
ICC Women's T20 Champions Trophy 2027 Flag of Sri Lanka.svg TBD2031
Under-19
ICC Men's Under-19 World Cup 2024 Flag of South Africa.svg 50 overs Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 2026 Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Flag of Namibia.svg
ICC Women's Under-19 T20 World Cup 2023 Flag of South Africa.svg T20 Flag of India.svg  India 2025 Flag of Malaysia.svg Flag of Thailand.svg

Additionally, The ICC in association with Commonwealth Games Federation and International Olympic Committee also conducts Twenty20 Cricket Tournament for Women in Commonwealth Games and Cricket at the Summer Olympics (for both) respectively.

Qualifiers

The ICC organizes qualifying tournaments for various international main events.

FormatODIT20I
Men ICC Men's Cricket World Cup Qualifier ICC Men's T20 World Cup Qualifier, Regional qualifiers
ICC Cricket World Cup Super League (now defunct)
Women ICC Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier ICC Women's T20 World Cup Qualifier
ICC Women's Championship

Starting with the 2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup, the Global Qualifiers will no longer take place and teams will qualify directly based on their performance in the previous T20 World Cup and from regional qualifiers.

Leagues

ICC conducts world cup qualifying leagues for associate teams. A two-tier league system with promotion & relegation where best performing teams qualify for ICC Cricket World Cup Qualifier.

TierLeagueTeamsCurrent edition
1 ICC Cricket World Cup League 2 8 2023-2027
2 ICC Cricket World Cup Challenge league 12 2023-2026

In addition, there are two playoff events which are part of World cup qualification process and essentially connected to the leagues above mentioned.

Rules and regulation

The International Cricket Council oversees playing conditions, bowling reviews, and other ICC regulations. The ICC does not have copyright to the Laws of Cricket : only the MCC may change the Laws, though this is usually done in consultation with the game's global governing body.[ citation needed ] The ICC maintains a set of playing conditions for international cricket which make slight amendments to the Laws. They also have a "Code of Conduct" to which teams and players in international matches are required to adhere. Where breaches of this code occur the ICC can apply sanctions, usually fines. In 2008, the ICC imposed 19 penalties on players. ICC announces changes to Playing Conditions. [28]

Umpires and referees

The ICC appoints international umpires and match referees who officiate at all sanctioned Test matches, One-Day Internationals and Twenty20 Internationals. The ICC operates three panels of umpires: the Elite Panel, the International Panel, and the Associates and Affiliates Panel.

As of March 2012, the Elite Panel included twelve umpires. In theory, two umpires from the Elite Panel officiate at every Test match, while one Elite Panel umpire stands in ODI matches together with an umpire from the International Panel. In practice, members of the International Panel stand in occasional Test matches, as this is viewed an excellent good opportunity to see whether they can cope at the Test level and whether they should be elevated to the Elite Panel. Members of the Elite Panel are full-time employees of the ICC, although they do still, very occasionally, umpire first-class cricket in their country of residence. The average annual officiating schedule for Elite Umpires is 8–10 Test matches and 10–15 ODIs, a potential on-field workload of 75 days per year, plus travel and preparation time. [29]

The International Panel is made up of officials nominated from each of the ten Test-playing cricket boards. The Panel Members officiate in ODI matches in their home country, and assist the Elite Panel at peak times in the cricket calendar when they can be appointed to overseas ODI and Test matches. International Panel members also undertake overseas umpiring assignments such as the ICC Under 19 Cricket World Cup to improve their knowledge and understanding of overseas condition, and help them prepare for possible promotion to the Elite Panel. Some of these umpires also officiate in the Cricket World Cup. Each of the Test cricket boards nominates a "third umpire" who can be called upon to review certain on-field decisions through instant television replays. All third umpires are first-class umpires in their own country, and the role is seen as a step onto the International Panel, and then the Elite Panel. [30]

The inaugural ICC Associate and Affiliate International Umpires Panel was formed in June 2006. It superseded the ICC Associate and Affiliate International Umpires Panel, created in 2005, and serves as the pinnacle for umpires from non-Test playing Members, with selection achieved through each of the five ICC Development Program Regional Umpires Panels.

Members of the Associate and Affiliate International Umpires Panel are eligible for appointments to ODIs involving ICC Associate Members, ICC Intercontinental Cup matches and other Associate and Affiliate tournaments. High-performing umpires may also be considered for other ICC events, including the ICC U/19 Cricket World Cup, and could also be invited to be involved in the ICC Champions Trophy and ICC Cricket World Cup. [31]

There is also an Elite Panel of ICC Referees who act as the independent representative of the ICC at all Test and ODI matches. As of January 2009, it had 6 members, all highly experienced former international cricketers. The Referees do not have the power to report players or officials (which has to be done by the umpires), but they are responsible for conducting hearings under the ICC Code of Conduct and imposing penalties as required at matches, ranging from an official reprimand to a lifetime ban from cricket. Decisions can be appealed, but the original decision is upheld in most cases.

The Council failed to achieve consensus among the cricket-playing nations – as of June 2012 – on the universal application of an Umpire's Decision Review System, due to opposition by BCCI. It will continue to be applied subject to mutual agreement of the playing countries. [32] In July 2012, ICC decided to send a delegation to show the ball tracking research done by Ed Rosten, an expert on computer vision and technology, to BCCI to remove the skepticism about the use of DRS technology. [33] [34]

Regional bodies

These regional bodies aim to organise, promote and develop the game of cricket:

The ICC regional bodies which looks after regions not covered by regional bodies of Asia and Africa:

The regional body for Europe was disestablished following which ICC took over operations:

Two further regional bodies were disestablished following the creation of the African Cricket Association:

Rankings and awards

Rankings

The ICC publishes team rankings for all three formats of the game and updates the same periodically.

Men's

Women's

The ICC Player Rankings are a widely followed system of rankings for international cricketers based on their recent performances.

Men's

Women's

Awards

The ICC has instituted the ICC Awards to recognize and honor the best international cricket players of the previous 12 months. The inaugural ICC Awards ceremony was held on 7 September 2004, in London. [35] In 2020, ICC announced a special one-off event, the ICC Awards of the Decade to honour the best performers and performances in the previous 10 years. [36]

Anti-corruption and security

The ICC has also had to deal with drugs and bribery scandals involving top cricketers. Following the corruption scandals by cricketers connected with the legal and illegal bookmaking markets, the ICC set up an Anti-Corruption and Security Unit (ACSU) in 2000 under the retired Commissioner of London's Metropolitan Police, Lord Condon. Among the corruption on which they have reported was that of former South African captain Hansie Cronje who had accepted substantial sums of money from an Indian bookmaker for under-performing or ensuring that certain matches had a pre-determined result. Similarly, the former Indian captain Mohammad Azharuddin and Ajay Jadeja were investigated, found guilty of match-fixing, and banned from playing cricket (for life and for five years, respectively). The ACSU continues to monitor and investigate any reports of corruption in cricket and protocols have been introduced, which for example prohibit the use of mobile telephones in dressing rooms.

Prior to the 2007 Cricket World Cup, ICC chief executive Malcolm Speed warned against any corruption and stated that the ICC would be vigilant and intolerant against it. [37]

Following a scandal that occurred during the 2010 Pakistan tour of England, 3 Pakistani players, Mohammad Amir, Mohammad Asif and Salman Butt were found to be guilty of spot-fixing, and were banned for 5 years, 7 years and 10 years respectively. On 3 November 2011, jail terms were handed down of 30 months for Butt, one year for Asif, six months for Amir and two years and eight months for Majeed, the sports agent that facilitated the bribes. [38] [39] [40] [41]

In 2019, an investigation by Al Jazeera revealed match-fixing in Sri-Lanka, India, England, Australia and other cricket playing nations. [42] The ICC launched an investigation corcerning the report.

Global Cricket Academy

The ICC Global Cricket Academy (GCA) is located at Dubai Sports City in the United Arab Emirates. The GCA's facilities include two ovals, each with 10 turf pitches, outdoor turf and synthetic practice facilities, indoor practice facilities including hawk eye technology and a cricket-specific gymnasium. Rod Marsh has been appointed as the academy's Director of Coaching. The opening, originally planned for 2008, took place in 2010.

ICC Cricket World Program

The International Cricket Council telecasts a weekly program on television called ICC Cricket World. It is produced by Sportsbrand.

It is a weekly 30-minute program providing the latest cricket news, recent cricket action including all Test and One-Day International matches, as well as off-field features and interviews.

Criticism

In 2015, Sam Collins and Jarrod Kimber made the documentary Death of a Gentleman on the internal organisation of the ICC, saying that the richer member countries (specifically India, England and Australia) were "bullying" the ICC and running the organisation to the detriment of the other members. [43]

See also

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