International cricket

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International cricket matches are played between the teams representing their nations, administrated by the International Cricket Council. The main forms are Test matches, ODI matches and T20I matches.

Contents

Most games are played as part of "tours" when one nation travels to another for a number of weeks or months and plays a number of matches of various sorts against the host nation. World Cups featuring several countries at once, are organized by the ICC. The ICC is also responsible for cricket games played at multi-sport events such as Olympic Games, Commonwealth Games, African Games, Asian Games, South Asian Games and Pacific Games.

In addition to ICC's administration, there are also five regional bodies, Asian Cricket Council, Africa Cricket Association, ICC Europe, ICC Americas and ICC East Asia-Pacific which aim to promote the sport of cricket in their respective continents.

History

An artwork depicting the history of the cricket bat Historical cricket bat art.jpg
An artwork depicting the history of the cricket bat

There was no formal structure for international cricket until the early 20th century. [1] In 1744, the Laws of Cricket were codified for the first time and then amended with new additions such as lbw and middle stump. The Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), founded in 1787; immediately became the custodian of the Laws and has made periodic revisions and recodifications subsequently. [2] The first international match was contested in 1844 between teams representing the United States and Canada, at St George's Cricket Club in New York. [3] The ICC founded in 1909 as the Imperial Cricket Conference, [4] overtook the governance of international cricket since, although the Laws of Cricket have remained under the governance of the MCC. [5]

Tours

The first Australian touring team (1878) pictured at Niagara Falls 1878AusTeamNiagraFalls.jpg
The first Australian touring team (1878) pictured at Niagara Falls
Trent Bridge during a 1981 Test match as part of the Ashes. Trent Bridge Test Match, 1981- Alderman to Gower (geograph 2489133).jpg
Trent Bridge during a 1981 Test match as part of the Ashes.

Most Test, ODI and T20I matches take place in the form of "tours". [6] Test series can last from two to six matches, but some tours consist of only a single Test. [7] Six-match series were common in the 1970s and early 1980s, with the last six-match series to date taking place in 1997–98 season between the West Indies and England. [8] The Ashes in England were six-match Test series between 1981 and 1997, but Australia reverted to five matches in its home series from 1982 to 1983. [9] ODI series generally last from three to seven matches. [10] T20I series last from one to five matches. [11] Tours may include a multi-team one-day tournament, often referred to as a "triangular" or "quadrangular" tournament. [12]

Sometimes, a perpetual trophy is awarded to the winning team. Some notable perpetual trophies include:

ICC Future Tours Programme

The ICC Future Tours Programme (abbreviated as ICC FTP) is a schedule of international cricket tours and tournaments which structure the programme of cricket events for ICC full members and associate members with ODI status, over a period of time.

The FTP schedules bilateral cricket tours with the objective of each team playing each other at least once at home and once away over a period of 10 years known as the "Ten Year Plan" since 2006. If the cricket boards of two individual countries reach an agreement, they can play more than two series. [31] [32] The FTP also schedules associate tri-nation series with the objective of each team playing each other at least once at home, once away and once at a neutral venue over a cycle of 4 years since 2019. [33] [34] If a team does not want to travel to a particular country for a bilateral or tri-nation series due to security reasons, then, by the mutual agreement of the respective boards, that series can be shifted to a neutral venue such as the UAE or any other country where the facilities are deemed adequate. [35] [36]

Additionally, it has also scheduled ICC tournaments over a period of 4 years known as an "ICC Events cycle" since 2024. Each cycle consists of one men's Cricket World Cup, one women's Cricket World Cup, one ICC Champions Trophy, one ICC Women's Champions Trophy, two men's T20 World Cups and two women's T20 World Cups. [37]

Tournaments and winners

ICC tournaments

TournamentFormatLastChampionsRunners upNext
Senior
World Test Championship Test 2021–2023 Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia Flag of India.svg  India 2023–25
Men's ODI World Cup ODI 2023 Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia Flag of India.svg  India 2027
Women's ODI World Cup ODI 2022 Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia Flag of England.svg  England 2025
Men's T20 World Cup T20I 2024 Flag of India.svg  India Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa 2026
Women's T20 World Cup T20I 2024 Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa 2026
Men's Champions Trophy ODI 2017 Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan Flag of India.svg  India 2025
Women's Champions Trophy T20I ——— 2027
Junior
U19 Men's World Cup ODI 2024 Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia Flag of India.svg  India 2026
U19 Women's World Cup T20I 2025 Flag of India.svg  India Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa 2027

Qualifiers

FormatCompetitionLatest editionCurrent championsNext editionRef.
CWC qualification competitions
ODI / List A World Cricket League 2017–2019 Defunct [38]
ODI Cricket World Cup Qualifier 2023: Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka 2027 [39]
Cricket World Cup Qualifier Play-off 2023: Flag of Namibia.svg Flag of the United States.svg  United States 2027 [40]
Cricket World Cup Super League 2020–2023 Defunct [41]
Cricket World Cup League 2 2019–2023 Flag of Scotland.svg  Scotland 2024–2026 [42]
List A Cricket World Cup Challenge League A 2022: Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 2024: Flag of Kenya.svg [43]
Cricket World Cup Challenge League B 2022: Flag of Uganda.svg Flag of Jersey.svg  Jersey 2024: Flag of Uganda.svg [44]
Cricket World Cup Challenge League Play-off 2024: Flag of Malaysia.svg Flag of Kuwait.svg  Kuwait 2027 [45]
Women's CWC qualification competitions
WODI Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier 2021: Flag of Zimbabwe.svg cancelled 2025 [46]
ICC Women's Championship 2017–2020 Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 2022–2025 [47]
Men's T20WC qualification competitions
T20I Men's T20 World Cup Qualifier 2022 (A  •  B)Defunct [48]
Men's T20 World Cup Africa Qualifier 2022–23: Flag of Namibia.svg Flag of Namibia.svg  Namibia 2025 [49]
Men's T20 World Cup Americas Qualifier 2023: Flag of Bermuda.svg Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 2025 [50]
Men's T20 World Cup Asia Qualifier 2023: Flag of Nepal.svg Flag of Oman.svg  Oman 2025: Flag of Malaysia.svg [51]
Men's T20 World Cup EAP Qualifier 2022–23: Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg  Papua New Guinea 2025: Flag of Malaysia.svg [52]
Men's T20 World Cup Europe Qualifier 2022–23: Flag of Scotland.svg Flag of Scotland.svg  Scotland 2025: Flag of the Netherlands.svg [53]
Women's T20WC qualification competitions
WT20I Women's T20 World Cup Qualifier 2024: Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka 2026 [54]
Women's T20 World Cup Africa Qualifier 2023: Flag of Uganda.svg Flag of Zimbabwe.svg  Zimbabwe 2025 [55]
Women's T20 World Cup Americas Qualifier 2023: Flag of the United States.svg Flag of the United States.svg  United States 2025 [56]
Women's T20 World Cup Asia Qualifier 2023: Flag of Malaysia.svg Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  United Arab Emirates 2025 [57]
Women's T20 World Cup EAP Qualifier 2023: Flag of Vanuatu.svg Flag of Vanuatu.svg  Vanuatu 2025 [58]
Women's T20 World Cup Europe Qualifier 2023: Flag of Spain.svg Flag of Scotland.svg  Scotland 2025 [59]

Multi-sport events

Cricket was originally scheduled to be included in the inaugural Olympics in Athens but was cancelled due to insufficient entries. A men's cricket tournament was introduced as medal sport in the second Olympics but was cancelled in the following Olympics due to lack of entries. [60] Both men's and women's cricket are to be reintroduced in the 2028 Olympics in Los Angeles. [61] A men's cricket tournament was played at the 1998 Commonwealth Games, [62] a women's cricket tournament was played at the 2022 Commonwealth Games, and both tournaments were to be included in the 2026 Commonwealth Games but was cancelled following the announcement of a streamlined event. [63]

Both men's and women's cricket were introduced in the 2010 Asian Games, [64] were removed in the 2018 Asian Games, [65] and were reintroduced in the 2022 Asian Games. [66] Men's cricket was played in the Pacific Games (South Pacific Games until 2007) since 1979, and women's cricket was played since 2015, until 2019 and both tournaments were removed in 2023 as a result of the Pacific Games charter amendment in 2019. [67] [68] A men's cricket tournament was played at the 2010 South Asian Games, [69] and both men's cricket and women's cricket were introduced in the 2019 South Asian Games. [70] Both men's cricket and women's cricket have been played in the SEA Games since 2017. [71] Both men's cricket and women's cricket have been played in the African Games since 2023. [72]

FormatEventLastChampionsNextRef.
Olympics
– Men's 1900 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain 2028
T20I Women's —— 2028
Commonwealth Games
List A Men's 1998 Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa TBA
T20I Women's 2022 Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia TBA [73]
Asian Games
T20I Men's 2022 Flag of India.svg  India 2026 [74]
T20I Women's 2022 Flag of India.svg  India 2026 [75]
African Games
T20I Men's 2023 Flag of Zimbabwe.svg  Zimbabwe 2027 [76]
T20I Women's 2023 Flag of Zimbabwe.svg  Zimbabwe 2027 [77]
Pacific Games
T20I Men's 2019 Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg  Papua New Guinea TBA [78]
T20I Women's 2019 Flag of Samoa.svg  Samoa TBA [79]
South Asian Games
T20I Men's 2019 Flag of Bangladesh.svg  Bangladesh 2026 [80]
T20I Women's 2019 Flag of Bangladesh.svg  Bangladesh 2026 [81]
SEA Games
T20I Men's 2023 Flag of Cambodia.svg  Cambodia 2025 [82]
T20I Women's 2023 Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand 2025 [83]

ACC events

The Men's and the Women's Asia Cup are the only two non-ICC competitions featured in the ICC Future Tours Programme. [84] [85]

TournamentLatestChampionsNextRef
Men's ODI Asia Cup 2023 Flag of India.svg  India 2027 [86]
Men's T20 Asia Cup 2022 Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka 2025 [87]
Women's ODI Asia Cup 2008 Flag of India.svg  India — [88]
Women's T20 Asia Cup 2024 Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka 2026 [89]

International rankings

Test rankings

In essence, after every Test series, the two teams involved receive points based on a mathematical formula. The total of each team's points total is divided by the total number of matches to give a 'rating', and the Test-playing teams are by order of rating (this can be shown in a table). [90]

From 2002 to 2019, the top-ranked Test team was awarded with the ICC Test Championship mace and the top team at each 1 April cut-off (until 2019) was also awarded a cash prize, the winners of which are listed below. The mace is now awarded to the winners of the ICC World Test Championship.

The following table shows the test mace won by each team:

TeamTest Mace won
Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 9 (2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2016)
Flag of India.svg  India 5 (2010, 2011, 2017, 2018, 2019)
Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa 3 (2013, 2014, 2015)
Flag of England.svg  England 1 (2012)

ODI rankings

The ICC ODI Team Rankings were created, and are run, by the ICC for reasons similar to the Test Rankings. The rankings are simply an international ranking scheme overlaid on the regular ODI (One Day International) match schedule. After every ODI match, the two teams involved receive points based on a mathematical formula. The total of each team's points total is divided by the total number of matches to give a rating, and all teams are ranked on a table in order of rating. [92] The ranking does not replace the World Cup; the latter still carries much more significance to most cricket fans.

The ranking consisted two separate tables until merged into a single table in 2018. The ten ICC Full Members that play Test cricket were automatically listed on the main table while the six Associate Members with One Day International status were listed on a secondary table, but are eligible for promotion to the main table by meeting certain criteria. [93]

T20I rankings

As with the Test and ODI Rankings, the ICC T20I Team Rankings are an international T20 ranking system run by the ICC. It is simply a ranking scheme overlaid on the regular T20I match schedule. [94] After every T20I match, the two teams involved receive points based on a mathematical formula. The total of each team's points total is divided by the total number of matches to give a rating, and all teams are ranked on a table in order of rating. [95] [96] This ranking does not replace the ICC World Twenty20 competition.

References

  1. ↑ "History of the International Cricket Council". Archived from the original on 27 March 2015. Retrieved 5 March 2010.
  2. ↑ "Laws of Cricket". 29 August 2017. Archived from the original on 29 August 2017. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  3. ↑ "19th Century Cricket". International Cricket Council . Dubai. Retrieved 3 May 2024.
  4. ↑ icc. "About ICC Cricket | International Cricket Council". icc. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  5. ↑ "About the Laws of Cricket | MCC". www.lords.org. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  6. ↑ icc. "About ICC Cricket | International Cricket Council". icc. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  7. ↑ "Test matches | Team records | List of series results". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  8. ↑ England tour of West Indies at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  9. ↑ The Ashes, teams series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  10. ↑ "ODI matches | Team records | List of series results". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  11. ↑ "T20I matches | Team records | List of series results". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  12. ↑ "Pakistan to host tri-series ahead of Champions Trophy 2025: Which teams will be a part of it? | Sporting News India". www.sportingnews.com. 15 March 2024. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  13. ↑ Anthony de Mello Trophy, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  14. ↑ The Ashes, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  15. ↑ Basil D'Oliveira Trophy, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  16. ↑ Benaud–Qadir Trophy, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  17. ↑ Border–Gavaskar Trophy, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  18. ↑ Chappell–Hadlee Trophy, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  19. ↑ Clive Lloyd Trophy, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  20. ↑ Crowe–Thorpe Trophy, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  21. ↑ The Frank Worrell Trophy, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  22. ↑ Freedom Trophy, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  23. ↑ Pataudi Trophy, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  24. ↑ Botham–Richards Trophy, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  25. ↑ Sir Vivian Richards Trophy, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  26. ↑ Sobers/Tissera Trophy, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  27. ↑ Southern Cross Trophy, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 22 December 2024.
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  29. ↑ Trans-Tasman Trophy, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 22 December 2024.
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  36. ↑ "Hybrid model agreed for Champions Trophy and ICC events from 2024-27". ESPNcricinfo. 19 December 2024. Archived from the original on 22 February 2025. Retrieved 26 February 2025.
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  39. ↑ ICC Cricket World Cup Qualifier, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 24 December 2024.
  40. ↑ ICC Cricket World Cup Qualifier Play-off, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 24 December 2024.
  41. ↑ ICC Men's Cricket World Cup Super League, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 24 December 2024.
  42. ↑ ICC Men's Cricket World Cup League 2, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 24 December 2024.
  43. ↑ CWC Challenge League Group A, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 24 December 2024.
  44. ↑ CWC Challenge League Group B, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 24 December 2024.
  45. ↑ ICC Cricket World Cup Challenge League Play-off, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 24 December 2024.
  46. ↑ ICC Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 24 December 2024.
  47. ↑ ICC Women's Championship, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 24 December 2024.
  48. ↑ ICC Men's T20 World Cup Qualifier, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 24 December 2024.
  49. ↑ ICC Men's T20 World Cup Africa Region Qualifier, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 24 December 2024.
  50. ↑ ICC Men's T20 World Cup Americas Region Qualifier, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 24 December 2024.
  51. ↑ ICC Men's T20 World Cup Asia Region Final, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 24 December 2024.
  52. ↑ ICC Men's T20 World Cup East Asia-Pacific Qualifier, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 24 December 2024.
  53. ↑ ICC Men's T20 World Cup Europe Region Qualifier, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 24 December 2024.
  54. ↑ ICC Women's T20 World Cup Qualifier, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 24 December 2024.
  55. ↑ ICC Women's T20 World Cup Africa Region Qualifier, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 24 December 2024.
  56. ↑ ICC Women's T20 World Cup Americas Region Qualifier, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 24 December 2024.
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  58. ↑ ICC Women's T20 World Cup East Asia-Pacific Region Qualifier, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 24 December 2024.
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  74. ↑ Asian Games Men's Cricket Competition, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 24 December 2024.
  75. ↑ Asian Games Women's Cricket Competition, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 24 December 2024.
  76. ↑ African Games, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 24 December 2024.
  77. ↑ Women's African Games, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 24 December 2024.
  78. ↑ Pacific Games Men's Cricket Competition, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 24 December 2024.
  79. ↑ Pacific Games Women's Cricket Competition, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 24 December 2024.
  80. ↑ South Asian Games Men's Cricket Competition, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 30 December 2024.
  81. ↑ South Asian Games Women's Cricket Competition, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 30 December 2024.
  82. ↑ SEA Games Men's T20 Cricket Competition, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 30 December 2024.
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  85. ↑ "2025–2029 ICC Women's FTP" (PDF). ICC Women's Future Tours Programme . 2. International Cricket Council. 4 November 2024.
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  87. ↑ Men's T20 Asia Cup, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 24 December 2024.
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  89. ↑ Women's Twenty20 Asia Cup, team series results at ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 24 December 2024.
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