International cricket

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International cricket matches are played between the teams representing their nations, administrated by the International Cricket Council (ICC). The main forms are Test matches, One Day (ODI) matches and Twenty20 (T20I) matches.

Contents

Most games are played as part of "tours" when one nation travels to another for a number of weeks or months and plays a number of matches of various sorts against the host nation. World Cups featuring several countries at once, are organized by the ICC. The ICC is also responsible for cricket games played at multi-sport events such as Olympic Games, Commonwealth Games, African Games, Asian Games, South Asian Games and Pacific Games.

In addition to ICC's administration, there are also five regional bodies, Asian Cricket Council (ACC), Africa Cricket Association (ACA), ICC Europe, ICC Americas and ICC East Asia-Pacific which aim to promote the sport of cricket in their respective regions.

History

An artwork depicting the history of the cricket bat Historical cricket bat art.jpg
An artwork depicting the history of the cricket bat

There was no formal structure for international cricket until the early 20th century. [1] In 1744, the Laws of Cricket were codified for the first time and then amended with new additions such as lbw and middle stump. The Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), founded in 1787; immediately became the custodian of the Laws and has made periodic revisions and recodifications subsequently. [2] The first international match was contested in 1844 between teams representing the United States and Canada, at St George's Cricket Club in New York. [3] The ICC founded in 1909 as the Imperial Cricket Conference, [4] overtook the governance of international cricket since, although the Laws of Cricket have remained under the governance of the MCC. [5]

Tours

The first Australian touring team (1878) pictured at Niagara Falls 1878AusTeamNiagraFalls.jpg
The first Australian touring team (1878) pictured at Niagara Falls
Trent Bridge during a 1981 Test match as part of the Ashes. Trent Bridge Test Match, 1981- Alderman to Gower (geograph 2489133).jpg
Trent Bridge during a 1981 Test match as part of the Ashes.

Most Test, ODI and T20I matches take place in the form of "tours". [6] Test series can last from two to six matches, but some tours consist of only a single Test. [7] Six-match series were common in the 1970s and early 1980s, with the last six-match series to date taking place in 1997–98 season between the West Indies and England. [8] The Ashes in England were six-match Test series between 1981 and 1997, but Australia reverted to five matches in its home series from 1982 to 1983. [9] ODI series generally last from three to seven matches. [10] T20I series last from one to five matches. [11] Tours may include a multi-team one-day tournament, often referred to as a "triangular" or "quadrangular" tournament. [12]

Sometimes, a perpetual trophy is awarded to the winning team. Some notable perpetual trophies include:

ICC Future Tours Programme

The "ICC Future Tours Programme" (FTP) is a schedule of international cricket tours and tournaments which structure the programme of cricket events for ICC full members, with an objective of each team playing each other at least once at home and once away over a period of 10 years known as the "Ten Year Plan". If the cricket boards of two individual countries reach an agreement, they can play more than two series. If a team does not want to travel to a particular country for a bilateral series due to security reasons, then, by the mutual agreement of the respective boards, that series can be shifted to a neutral venue such as United Arab Emirates or any other country where the facilities are deemed adequate. [31] [32] [33] [34]

International competitions

ICC competitions

The main international competitions organized by ICC are ICC World Test Championship, Cricket World Cup, ICC Champions Trophy and Men's T20 World Cup for men's, Women's Cricket World Cup, Women's T20 World Cup and ICC Women's Champions Trophy for women's, and Under-19 Men's Cricket World Cup and Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup for Under-19 teams.

FormatCompetitionLatest editionCurrent championsNext editionRef.
Men's competitions
Test ICC World Test Championship 2021–2023: Flag of England.svg Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 2023–2025: Flag of England.svg [35]
ODI Cricket World Cup 2023: Flag of India.svg Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 2027: Flag of South Africa.svg Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Flag of Namibia.svg [36]
ICC Champions Trophy 2017: Flag of England.svg Flag of Wales (1959-present).svg Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan 2025: Flag of Pakistan.svg Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg [37]
T20I Men's T20 World Cup 2024: WestIndiesCricketFlagPre1999.svg Flag of the United States.svg Flag of India.svg  India 2026: Flag of India.svg Flag of Sri Lanka.svg [38]
FC ICC Intercontinental Cup 2015–2017 Defunct [39]
Women's competitions
WODI Women's Cricket World Cup 2022: Flag of New Zealand.svg Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 2025: Flag of India.svg [a] [40]
WT20I Women's T20 World Cup 2024: Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand 2026: Flag of England.svg [41]
ICC Women's Champions Trophy 2027: Flag of Sri Lanka.svg [42]
Under-19 competitions
LO (50 Ov.) Under-19 Men's Cricket World Cup 2024: Flag of South Africa.svg Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 2026: Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Flag of Namibia.svg [43]
LO (20 Ov.) Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup 2023: Flag of South Africa.svg Flag of India.svg  India 2025: Flag of Malaysia.svg [44]
  1. India and an yet unidentified 'neutral' venue will host the 2025 women's tournament.

ICC qualifying competitions

FormatCompetitionLatest editionCurrent championsNext editionRef.
CWC qualification competitions
ODI / List A World Cricket League 2017–2019 Defunct [45]
ODI Cricket World Cup Qualifier 2023: Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka 2027 [46]
Cricket World Cup Qualifier Play-off 2023: Flag of Namibia.svg Flag of the United States.svg  United States 2027 [47]
Cricket World Cup Super League 2020–2023 Defunct [48]
Cricket World Cup League 2 2019–2023 Flag of Scotland.svg  Scotland 2024–2026 [49]
List A Cricket World Cup Challenge League A 2022: Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 2024: Flag of Kenya.svg [50]
Cricket World Cup Challenge League B 2022: Flag of Uganda.svg Flag of Jersey.svg  Jersey 2024: Flag of Uganda.svg [51]
Cricket World Cup Challenge League Play-off 2024: Flag of Malaysia.svg Flag of Kuwait.svg  Kuwait 2027 [52]
Women's CWC qualification competitions
WODI Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier 2021: Flag of Zimbabwe.svg cancelled 2025 [53]
ICC Women's Championship 2017–2020 Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 2022–2025 [54]
Men's T20WC qualification competitions
T20I Men's T20 World Cup Qualifier 2022 (A    B)Defunct [55]
Men's T20 World Cup Africa Qualifier 2022–23: Flag of Namibia.svg Flag of Namibia.svg  Namibia 2025 [56]
Men's T20 World Cup Americas Qualifier 2023: Flag of Bermuda.svg Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 2025 [57]
Men's T20 World Cup Asia Qualifier 2023: Flag of Nepal.svg Flag of Oman.svg  Oman 2025: Flag of Malaysia.svg [58]
Men's T20 World Cup EAP Qualifier 2022–23: Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg  Papua New Guinea 2025: Flag of Malaysia.svg [59]
Men's T20 World Cup Europe Qualifier 2022–23: Flag of Scotland.svg Flag of Scotland.svg  Scotland 2025: Flag of the Netherlands.svg [60]
Women's T20WC qualification competitions
WT20I Women's T20 World Cup Qualifier 2024: Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka 2026 [61]
Women's T20 World Cup Africa Qualifier 2023: Flag of Uganda.svg Flag of Zimbabwe.svg  Zimbabwe 2025 [62]
Women's T20 World Cup Americas Qualifier 2023: Flag of the United States.svg Flag of the United States.svg  United States 2025 [63]
Women's T20 World Cup Asia Qualifier 2023: Flag of Malaysia.svg Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  United Arab Emirates 2025 [64]
Women's T20 World Cup EAP Qualifier 2023: Flag of Vanuatu.svg Flag of Vanuatu.svg  Vanuatu 2025 [65]
Women's T20 World Cup Europe Qualifier 2023: Flag of Spain.svg Flag of Scotland.svg  Scotland 2025 [66]

ACC competitions

The Asia Cup and the Women's Asia Cup are the only two non-ICC competitions to be featured in the ICC Future Tours Programme. [67] [68]

FormatCompetitionLatest editionCurrent championsNext editionRef.
ODI Asia Cup 2023: Flag of Pakistan.svg Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Flag of India.svg  India 2027: Flag of Bangladesh.svg [69]
T20I Men's T20 Asia Cup 2022: Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka 2025: Flag of India.svg [70]
WODI Women's Asia Cup 2008: Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Defunct [71]
WT20I Women's Twenty20 Asia Cup 2024: Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka 2026 [72]

Multi-sport competitions

Cricket was originally scheduled to be included in the inaugural Olympics in Athens but was cancelled due to insufficient entries. A men's cricket tournament was introduced as medal sport in the in the second Olympics but was cancelled in the following Olympics due to lack of entries. [73] Both men's and women's cricket are to be reintroduced in the 2028 Olympics in Los Angeles. [74] A men's cricket tournament was played at the 1998 Commonwealth Games, [75] a women's cricket tournament was played at the 2022 Commonwealth Games, and both tournaments were to be included in the 2026 Commonwealth Games but was cancelled following the announcement of a streamlined event. [76]

Both men's and women's cricket were introduced in the 2010 Asian Games, [77] were removed in the 2018 Asian Games, [78] and were reintroduced in the 2022 Asian Games. [79] Men's cricket was played in the Pacific Games (South Pacific Games until 2007) since 1979, and women's cricket was played since 2015, until 2019 and both tournaments were removed in 2023 as a result of the Pacific Games charter amendment in 2019. [80] [81] A men's cricket tournament was played at the 2010 South Asian Games, [82] and both men's cricket and women's cricket were introduced in the 2019 South Asian Games. [83] Both men's cricket and women's cricket have been played in the SEA Games since 2017. [84] Both men's cricket and women's cricket have been played in the African Games since 2023. [85]

FormatCompetitionLatest editionCurrent championsNext editionRef.
Summer Olympic Games
T20I Men's 1900: Flag of France.svg Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain 2028: Flag of the United States.svg
WT20I Women's 2028: Flag of the United States.svg
Commonwealth Games
List A Men's 1998: Flag of Malaysia.svg Defunct
WT20I Women's 2022: Flag of England.svg Defunct [86]
Asian Games
T20I Men's 2022: Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Flag of India.svg  India TBA [87]
WT20I Women's 2022: Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Flag of India.svg  India TBA [88]
Pacific Games
T20I Men's 2019: Flag of Samoa.svg Defunct [89]
WT20I Women's 2019: Flag of Samoa.svg Defunct [90]
South Asian Games
T20I Men's 2019: Flag of Nepal.svg Flag of Bangladesh.svg  Bangladesh 2025: Flag of Pakistan.svg
WT20I Women's 2019: Flag of Nepal.svg Flag of Bangladesh.svg  Bangladesh 2025: Flag of Pakistan.svg
SEA Games
6s Men's 2023: Flag of Cambodia.svg Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore 2025: Flag of Thailand.svg
T10 Flag of Cambodia.svg  Cambodia
T20I Flag of Cambodia.svg  Cambodia
LO (50 Ov.) Flag of Cambodia.svg  Cambodia
6s Women's 2023: Flag of Cambodia.svg Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia 2025: Flag of Thailand.svg
WT10 Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand
WT20I Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand
LO (50 Ov.) Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand
African Games
T20I Men's 2023: Flag of Ghana.svg Flag of Zimbabwe.svg  Zimbabwe TBA [91]
WT20I Women's 2023: Flag of Ghana.svg Flag of Zimbabwe.svg  Zimbabwe TBA [92]

ICC International rankings

Test rankings

In essence, after every Test series, the two teams involved receive points based on a mathematical formula. The total of each team's points total is divided by the total number of matches to give a 'rating', and the Test-playing teams are by order of rating (this can be shown in a table). [93]

From 2002 to 2019, the top-ranked Test team was awarded with the ICC Test Championship mace and the top team at each 1 April cut-off (until 2019) was also awarded a cash prize, the winners of which are listed below. The mace is now awarded to the winners of the ICC World Test Championship.

The following table shows the test mace won by each team:

TeamTest Mace Awarded
Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 9 (2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2016)
Flag of India.svg  India 5 (2010, 2011, 2017, 2018, 2019)
Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa 3 (2013, 2014, 2015)
Flag of England.svg  England 1 (2012)
Reference: ICC [94]

ODI rankings

The ICC Men's ODI Team Rankings were created, and are run, by the ICC for reasons similar to the Test Rankings. The rankings are simply an international ranking scheme overlaid on the regular ODI (One Day International) match schedule. After every ODI match, the two teams involved receive points based on a mathematical formula. The total of each team's points total is divided by the total number of matches to give a rating, and all teams are ranked on a table in order of rating. [95] The ranking does not replace the World Cup; the latter still carries much more significance to most cricket fans.

The ranking consisted two separate tables until merged into a single table in 2018. The ten ICC Full Members that play Test cricket were automatically listed on the main table while the six Associate Members with One Day International status were listed on a secondary table, but are eligible for promotion to the main table by meeting certain criteria. [96]

T20I rankings

As with the Test and ODI Rankings, the ICC Men's T20I Team Rankings are an international Twenty20 ranking system run by the ICC. It is simply a ranking scheme overlaid on the regular T20I match schedule. [97] After every T20I match, the two teams involved receive points based on a mathematical formula. The total of each team's points total is divided by the total number of matches to give a rating, and all teams are ranked on a table in order of rating. [98] [99] This ranking does not replace the ICC World Twenty20 competition.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">ICC Future Tours Programme</span> International cricket tour programme

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The 2017–18 international cricket season was from September 2017 to April 2018. 28 Test matches, 93 One Day Internationals (ODIs), and 44 Twenty20 Internationals (T20Is) were played during this period. Out of the 30 Test matches that were played four were day/night matches. The day/night Test match between South Africa and Zimbabwe was scheduled to last for only four days in duration, with the last such four-day Test match being played in 1973. The season started with India leading the Test cricket rankings, South Africa leading the ODI rankings, New Zealand leading the Twenty20 rankings, and England women leading the women's rankings. Additionally, the Laws of Cricket 2017 Code came into effect on 1 October 2017, superseding the 6th Edition of the 2000 Code of Laws, with many of the changes in the laws being incorporated into the ICC Standard Playing Conditions.

The 2018 international cricket season was from May 2018 to September 2018. 16 Test matches, 27 One-day Internationals (ODIs) and 33 Twenty20 International (T20Is), as well as 14 Women's One Day Internationals (WODIs) and 81 Women's Twenty20 Internationals (WT20Is), were played during this period.

The 2018–19 international cricket season was from September 2018 to April 2019. 34 Test matches, 92 One Day Internationals (ODIs) and 74 Twenty20 International (T20Is), as well as 28 Women's One Day Internationals (WODIs) and 130 Women's Twenty20 Internationals (WT20Is), were played during this period. The season started with India leading the Test cricket rankings, England leading the ODI rankings and Pakistan leading the Twenty20 rankings. In October 2018, the International Cricket Council (ICC) introduced separate rankings for women's ODIs and T20Is for the first time, with Australia women leading both tables.

The 2019 international cricket season was from May 2019 to September 2019. The 2019 Cricket World Cup in England and Wales took place during this time, starting on 30 May 2019. 10 Test matches, 78 One Day Internationals (ODIs) and 109 Twenty20 Internationals (T20Is), as well as 1 Women's Test, 9 Women's One Day Internationals (WODIs) and 130 Women's Twenty20 Internationals (WT20Is), were played during this period. Additionally, a number of other T20I/WT20I matches were also scheduled to be played in minor series involving associate nations. The season started with India leading the Test cricket rankings, England leading the ODI rankings and Pakistan leading the Twenty20 rankings. On 3 May, the International Cricket Council (ICC) expanded the men's T20I rankings to include all current Full Member and Associate members of the ICC, featuring 80 teams. In the women's rankings, Australia women lead both the WODI and WT20I tables.

The 2019–20 international cricket season was from September 2019 to April 2020. 29 Test matches, 78 One Day Internationals (ODIs) and 145 Twenty20 Internationals (T20Is), as well as 23 Women's One Day Internationals (WODIs) and 61 Women's Twenty20 Internationals (WT20Is), were scheduled to be played during this period. Additionally, a number of other T20I/WT20I matches were also scheduled to be played in minor series involving associate nations. The season started with India leading the Test cricket rankings, England leading the ODI rankings and Pakistan leading the Twenty20 rankings. In the women's rankings, Australia women lead both the WODI and WT20I tables. The 2020 ICC Women's T20 World Cup in Australia took place during this time, starting on 21 February 2020, with hosts Australia winning the tournament for the fifth time.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cricket</span>

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruption to cricket around the world, mirroring its impact across all sports. Around the world and to varying degrees, leagues and competitions have been cancelled or postponed.

The 2022–23 international cricket season was from September 2022 to April 2023. This calendar included men's Test, One Day International (ODI) and Twenty20 International (T20I) matches, women's Test, women's One Day Internationals (WODIs) and women's Twenty20 Internationals (WT20Is) matches, as well as some other significant series. In addition to the matches shown here, a number of other T20I/WT20I series involving associate nations were also played during this period.

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