African Games

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The African Games, formally known as the All-Africa Games or the Pan African Games, are a continental multi-sport event held every four years, organized by the African Union (AU) with the Association of National Olympic Committees of Africa (ANOCA) and the Association of African Sports Confederations (AASC).

Contents

All of the competing nations are from the African continent. The first Games were held in 1965 in Brazzaville, Congo. The International Olympic Committee granted these Games official recognition as a continental multi-sport event, along with the Asian Games and Pan American Games. Since 1999, the Games have also included athletes with a disability. [1]

The Supreme Council for Sport in Africa (SCSA) was the organizing body for the Games. On 26 July 2013, the Extraordinary Assembly of the SCSA held in Abidjan, Ivory Coast on the sidelines of the 5th Session of the African Union Conference of Sports Ministers recommended the dissolution of the SCSA and transfer of all its functions, assets & liabilities to the African Union Commission. [2] [3] The organization of the African Games is now managed by three parts, the AU (the owners of the game), the ANOCA (occupying the technical aspects) and the AASC (developing marketing policy, sponsorship and research resources).

After running previous 11 editions as the All-Africa Games, the games has been renamed the African Games. The decision for the name change was arrived at, during the Executive Council meeting of the African Union held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in January 2012. [4] 54 countries were participating in the most recent edition in Morocco 2019. In 2023, the 13th edition of the game was hosted in Accra, Ghana. [5] [6] It was aim to use sports for national and continental development, aligning with Ghana's transformative agenda and the African Union's Agenda 2063, "Africa We Want." [7]

History

Beginning

Modern Olympics founder Pierre de Coubertin conceived the Pan African Games as early as 1920. The colonial powers who ruled Africa at the time were wary of the idea, suspecting the unifying aspect of sport among African people would cause them to assert their independence.

Attempts were made to host the games in Algiers, Algeria in 1925 and Alexandria, Egypt in 1928, but despite considerable preparations taken by coordinators, the efforts failed. The International Olympic Committee's (IOC) first African member, Greek-born Egyptian sprinter Angelo Bolanaki, donated funds to erect a stadium, but still the Games were set back for another three decades.

The Friendship Games

In the early 1960s, French-speaking countries of Africa including France organized the Friendship Games. The Games were organized by Madagascar (1960) and then Ivory Coast (1961). The third games were set for Senegal in 1963. Before they were completed, African Ministers of Youth and Sport met in Paris in 1962; as a few English-speaking countries were already participating, they rechristened the Games as the Pan African Games. The Games were granted official recognition by the IOC as being on par with other continental Games such as the Asian Games and the Pan American Games.

The games

In July 1965, the first games were held in Brazzaville, Congo, now called the All-Africa Games. From 30 countries, around 2,500 athletes competed. Egypt topped the medal count for the first Games.

In 1966, the SCSA was organized in Bamako; it manages the All-Africa Games. The second edition were awarded to Mali in 1969, but a military coup forced the cancellation of the Games. Lagos, Nigeria stepped in as host for the Games in 1971. Those Games were finally held in 1973 due to the Biafra War, which had just ended in Nigeria.

In 1977, the 3rd Games were scheduled to take place in Algeria but due to technical reasons had to be postponed for a year and were held in 1978. Continuing the pattern, the next Games were scheduled to take place in Kenya in 1983, but were pushed back to 1985 and finally took place in Nairobi in 1987.

The four-year Olympic rhythm has not missed a beat since, and the Games have been organized in Cairo, Harare, Johannesburg, and Abuja. In 2007, Algiers once again hosted, becoming the first repeat host. The 2011 edition of the All-Africa Games was held in Maputo, Mozambique in September 2011. Brazzaville hosted the 2015 edition in honor of the Games' 50th anniversary.

Participation

All 53 members affiliated to the Association of National Olympic Committees of Africa (ANOCA) are eligible to take part in the Games. In history, the 53 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) have sent competitors to the Games.

South Africa was banned since the beginning of the games in the 1965 All-Africa Games till the 1995 All-Africa Games because Apartheid officially ended when it was invited for the first time to compete the games.

Morocco was banned from the games from the 1987 All-Africa Games to the 2015 African Games because of a political dispute over Western Sahara. Morocco claims the territory as its "Southern Provinces" and controls 80% of it while the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, which claims to be a sovereign state, controls the remaining 20% as the "Free Zone". In 2018, after the Moroccan government signed its treaty of return to the African Union, the country also pledged to return to the African Games. Rabat, Morocco hosted the 2019 African Games. [8] [9] [10]

Editions

GamesYearHost [11] Opened byDatesNationsCompetitorsSportsEventsTop nation
MenWomenTotal
1 1965 Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg Brazzaville Alphonse Massemba 18 – 28 July302,5001054 Flag of the United Arab Republic.svg Egypt
2 1973 Flag of Nigeria.svg Lagos Yakubu Gowon 7 – 18 January361292Flag of Egypt (1972-1984).svg  Egypt
3 1978 Flag of Algeria.svg Algiers Houari Boumediene 13 – 28 July383,00012117Flag of Tunisia.svg  Tunisia
4 1987 Flag of Kenya.svg Nairobi Daniel Arap Moi 1 – 12 August4114164Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt
5 1991 Flag of Egypt.svg Cairo Hosni Mubarak 20 September – 1 October4318213Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt
6 1995 Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Harare Robert Mugabe 13 – 23 September466,00019224Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa
7 1999 Flag of South Africa.svg Johannesburg Thabo Mbeki 10 – 19 September516,00020224Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa
8 2003 Flag of Nigeria.svg Abuja Olusegun Obasanjo 5 – 17 October506,00022332Flag of Nigeria.svg  Nigeria
9 2007 Flag of Algeria.svg Algiers Abdelaziz Bouteflika 11 – 23 July524,79327374Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt
10 2011 Flag of Mozambique.svg Maputo Armando Guebuza 3 – 18 September535,00020244Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa
11 2015 Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg Brazzaville Denis Nguesso 4 – 19 September5415,00022323Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt
12 2019 Flag of Morocco.svg Rabat Prince Moulay Rachid 19 – 31 August544,38626343Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt
13 2023 Flag of Ghana.svg Accra Nana Akufo-Addo 8 – 23 March 2024521,4901,1542,64423335Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt
14 2027 Flag of Egypt.svg Cairo President of Egypt (expected)20 January – 7 FebruaryFuture event
15 2031 Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg Kinshasa President of DR Congo (expected)TBDFuture event

Unofficial editions

  1. 1925 Algiers, Algeria - Not held
  2. 1928 Alexandria, Egypt - Not held
  3. 1960 African Friendship Games - Madagascar - French-speaking countries of Africa
  4. 1961 African Friendship Games - Ivory Coast - French-speaking countries of Africa
  5. 1963 African Friendship Games - Senegal - Not held

African Para Games

EditionYearHost city [11] Host nationOpened byDateNationsAthletesSportsEventsMost gold medals
1 2023 Accra Flag of Ghana.svg  Ghana Mustapha Ussif 3–12 September1840037Flag of Morocco.svg  Morocco
2 2027 Cairo Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt

Sports

35 sports, 2 demonstration sports and 6 Para sports were presented in African Games history until 2019 African Games (also 1991 Diving and 1999 Netball were demonstration).

NumberEvent 1965 1973 1978 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007 2011 2015 2019 2023
Main Sports
1 Athletics Yes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svg
2 Cycling Yes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svg
3 Gymnastics Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svg
4 Shooting Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svg
5 Swimming Yes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svg
Boat Sports
6 Canoeing Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svg
7 Rowing Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svg
8 Sailing Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
Combat Sports
9 Arm Wrestling Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svg
10 Boxing Yes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svg
11 Fencing Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svg
12 Judo Yes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svg
13 Karate Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svg
14 Kickboxing Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
15 Taekwondo Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svg
16 Wrestling Yes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svg
Team Sports
17 Baseball Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
18 Basketball Yes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
18 Beach volleyball Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svg
19 3x3 basketball Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgYes check.svg
20 Cricket Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svg
21 Field Hockey Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svg
22 Football Yes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svg
23 Handball Yes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svg
24 Netball Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDemDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
25 Rugby sevens Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svg
26 Softball Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
27 Volleyball Yes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svg
Racquet Sports
28 Badminton Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svg
29 Squash Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
30 Table Tennis Dark Red x.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svg
31 Tennis Yes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svg
Other Sports
32 Archery Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svg
33 Chess Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgYes check.svg
34 Cue Sports (Snooker)Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svg
35 Diving Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDemYes check.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
36 Equestrian Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svg
37 Petanque Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svg
38 Triathlon Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgYes check.svg
39 Weightlifting Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svg
Demonstration Sports
40 Esports Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svg
40 Mixed martial arts Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svg
40 Nzango Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
41 Pharaoh Boxing Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
40 Pickleball Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svg
40 Scrabble Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svg
40 Speed-ball Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svg
40 Sambo Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svg
42 Teqball Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svg
Para Sports ( from 2019 African Para Games )
43 Para Athletics Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
44 Goalball Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
45 Para Powerlifting Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
46 Para Swimming Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
47 Para Table Tennis Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
48 Wheelchair Basketball Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg

All time Medal Table

50 nations have won at least a single medal in the African Games, from 54 National Olympic Committees participating throughout the history of the Games. 43 NOCs have won at least a single gold medal. [12]

No.NationGamesGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt  (EGY)127535515231827
2Flag of Nigeria.svg  Nigeria  (NGR)125174614701448
3Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa  (RSA)74293933371159
4Flag of Algeria.svg  Algeria  (ALG)123423534471142
5Flag of Tunisia.svg  Tunisia  (TUN)12282270316868
6Flag of Kenya.svg  Kenya  (KEN)12142152185479
7Flag of Senegal.svg  Senegal  (SEN)126978172319
8Flag of Ghana.svg  Ghana  (GHA)125583111249
9Flag of Ethiopia.svg  Ethiopia  (ETH)12546280196
10Flag of Morocco.svg  Morocco  (MAR)4485674178

Legacy

After hearing about the Pan-African Games whilst on a business trip to Congo, Soviet Union-Armenian diplomat Ashot Melik-Shahnazaryan got the idea to create the Pan-Armenian Games. [13]

See also

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The African Karate Federation is the continental governing body of the sport karate in Africa. The UFAK is a non-governmental continental organisation. It has legal personality and financial autonomy. It is non-political, non-profit, non-denominational and cannot accept any racial or other discrimination and performs its activities on an amateur basis in compliance with the principles set forth in the Olympic Charter, duly recognised by the World Karate Federation (WKF), Association of African Sports Confederations (AASC), Association of National Olympic Committees of Africa (ANOCA).

References

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