Pacific Games

Last updated

Pacific Games
Pacific Logo.svg
AbbreviationPAG
First event1963
Occur every4 years
Last event 2023
Next event 2027
Headquarters Suva, Fiji
PresidentVidhya Lakhan
Website Official website

The Pacific Games (French: Jeux du Pacifique), is a continental multi-sport event held every four years among athletes from Oceania. The inaugural Games took place in 1963 in Suva, Fiji, and most recently in 2023 in Honiara, Solomon Islands. The Games were called the South Pacific Games from 1963 to 2007. The Pacific Games Council (PGC) organises the Games and oversees the host city's preparations. Athletes with a disability are included as full members of their national teams. In each sporting event, gold medals are awarded for first place, silver medals are awarded for second place, and bronze medals are awarded for third place.

Contents

Ten different cities in seven countries and territories have hosted the Pacific Games. Four countries have hosted the games three times: Fiji (1963, 1979, 2003), New Caledonia (1966, 1987, 2011), Papua New Guinea (1969, 1991, 2015) and Samoa (1983, 2007, 2019). French Polynesia, who hosted in 1971 and 1995, will become the fifth country to host the Games for the third time in 2027. The United States territory of Guam have hosted the Games twice in 1975 and 1999. The Solomon Islands hosted the event for the first time in 2023.

Only six countries have attended every edition of the Pacific Games: Fiji, French Polynesia (Tahiti), New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Tonga, and Vanuatu. New Caledonia have dominated fourteen out of the seventeen Pacific Games, Papua New Guinea with two, and Fiji with one.

History

Concept

The idea of holding the South Pacific Games originated with Dr A.H. Sahu Khan who was one of Fiji's representatives at a meeting of the South Pacific Commission held at Rabaul during 1959. The idea was adopted and led to a meeting of nine Territories, held in Nouméa during March 1961, which awarded Fiji the honour of hosting the very first Games. [1]

Creation

During 1962, the South Pacific Commission founded the South Pacific Games Council, with the first ever Games being held at Suva, Fiji. In the 40 years since, Games have been held in 12 countries and territories within the region. Initially the Games were held at three-year intervals although this was subsequently expanded to four following the Tumon Games in Guam.

As a residual consequence of the European colonisation of the Pacific from the early part of the 18th Century onwards, many nations who participated in the first Games (of 1963) were under predominantly British or French territorial rule. Understandably this generated a certain amount of confusion as both British and French flags and national anthems dominated proceedings and were occasionally used together for winning countries.
Western Samoa (now Samoa) was the only country with a flag and anthem of its sovereignty as it was the only participating independent island nation at that time. As time went on, fledgling nations gradually achieving sovereignty of their own sought to extricate themselves from their colonial past and new national anthems and flags emerged. Nevertheless, English and French remain the official languages of the Games. [2]

Like other sporting events, the South Pacific Games has experienced slight controversies. A minor dispute that still continues today is the scheduling of events landing on a Sunday. Throughout the Pacific, the Christian Sabbath remains very important (sporting events or similar activity are illegal in Tonga for example) and scheduling at such a time would be frowned upon. The events themselves have also been affected by religious sensitivities, notably beach volleyball where the official uniform of bikinis for women has been forced to give way to more conservative attire. [3] However other larger nations within the region or those loosely associated with more secular states (e.g. Cook Islands (New Zealand), American Samoa (United States), and French Polynesia (France)) are more moderate in this regard.

Other global and regional events have also influenced and shaped the Games' history. In 1995, the year Papeete, Tahiti hosted the Games, many countries took the decision to boycott as a direct protest at French nuclear testing in the Pacific. [4] The Games, however, returned to near full regional participation in the following event in 1999, held on Guam.

The first objective of the Pacific Games Council, according to its Charter, [5] is

"To create bonds of kindred friendship and brotherhood amongst people of the countries of the Pacific region through sporting exchange without any distinctions as to race, religion or politics."

The Games were initiated to promote and develop sport amongst the nations and peoples of the South Pacific. [1] After fifty years in existence, The South Pacific Commission changed its name to the Pacific Community . [1]

Modern day games

The XII South Pacific Games held in Suva, Fiji saw for the first time the introduction of a full program of 32 sports. [6] That program included sports that are synonymous with the Pacific region as well as sports that have a limited participation and are generally not well established.

A strong corporate sponsorship package a first for the games enabled the organizers to work with a free hand towards their aims of making the games a success. A colorful and effective media and publicity campaign generated much interest and enthusiasm among the public in Fiji. Schools and youth groups were involved in interactive programs such as the adopt-a-country program also a first for the games. [7]

The XIII Pacific Games were hosted in Apia, Samoa. They were the 13th to have been held since 1963. In contrast to the Olympic Games which are expected to generate income for the host nation, [8] the 2007 Pacific Games were expected to leave Samoa US$92million in debt, predominantly as a result of expenditure on large-scale infrastructure projects such as bridges and roads. [9]

Potential debt positions notwithstanding, five nations (Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu, Solomon Islands, Tonga and American Samoa) bid for the 2015 Pacific Games. The Games were ultimately awarded to Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea and follow the 2011 Pacific Games held in Nouméa, New Caledonia. However the rising cost (purportedly in excess of $1 billion) and the logistical burden of putting on the games continue to threaten countries' abilities to host the event. [10]

Pacific Games Council

The games governing body is the Pacific Games Council. The Games council flag is presented to the host nation of the next games at the end of every games. With expansion and economic growth in the Pacific and Oceania countries of the Pacific Islands, the South Pacific Games Council decided to modernise and revise its charter in light of these changes in the region and the changing place of Sport in our society, thus the council adapted a new charter in 2007.

The current President of the Council is Vidhya Lakhan from Fiji.

Member associations

Membership of the Council includes internationally recognised National Multisport Organisations within countries and territories who are members of the Pacific Community. [5] There are currently 22 members, 15 of which are members of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). [11] The Pitcairn Islands are the only Pacific Community member that is not a member of the Pacific Games Council, whereas Norfolk Island was admitted as a member of the Council despite not being a member of the Pacific Community.

In July 2014, the Oceania National Olympic Committees voted to allow Australia and New Zealand to take part in the 2015 Pacific Games. The risk of seeing the two wealthy, populous developed nations dominate the competition had previously prevented their inclusion. They were allowed to send participants only in rugby sevens, sailing, taekwondo and weightlifting — sports where other Pacific countries had proved sufficiently competitive against them in the past. [12] New Zealand was allowed to compete in the 2019 men's football competition with an U-23 team, which won the gold medal. [13] Australia and New Zealand have since continued to compete on an invitational basis.

In 2018, the Council created an "associate membership" category for other territories in Oceania. [14] Potential candidates for membership include Bougainville, Easter Island, Western New Guinea, Hawaii and Christmas Island. [15]

NationOrganisationWebsite
Flag of American Samoa.svg  American Samoa American Samoa National Olympic Committee (ASNOC) asnoc.org/
Flag of the Cook Islands.svg  Cook Islands Cook Islands Sports and National Olympic Committee (CISNOC) oceaniasport.com/cookis
Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia.svg  Federated States of Micronesia Federated States of Micronesia National Olympic Committee (FSMNOC) oceaniasport.com/fsm
Flag of Fiji.svg  Fiji Fiji Association of Sports and National Olympic Committee (FASANOC) fijiolympiccommittee.com
Flag of Guam.svg  Guam Guam National Olympic Committee (GNOC) oceaniasport.com/guam
Flag of Kiribati.svg  Kiribati Kiribati National Olympic Committee (KNOC) oceaniasport.com/kiribati
Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg  Marshall Islands Marshall Islands National Olympic Committee (MINOC) oceaniasport.com/marshalls
Flag of Nauru.svg  Nauru Nauru Olympic Committee oceaniasport.com/nauru
New Caledonia flags merged (2017).svg New Caledonia Comité Territorial Olympique et Sportif de Nouvelle-Calédonie (CTOS) www.ctos.nc
Flag of Niue.svg  Niue Niue Island Sports and Commonwealth Games Association (NISCGA) oceaniasport.com/niue
Flag of Norfolk Island.svg  Norfolk Island Norfolk Island Amateur Sports & Commonwealth Games Association sportingpulse.com/assoc_page.cgi?assoc=3852
Flag of the Northern Mariana Islands.svg  Northern Mariana Islands Northern Marianas Amateur Sports Association sportingpulse.com/assoc_page.cgi?assoc=3859
Flag of Palau.svg  Palau Palau National Olympic Committee (PNOC) oceaniasport.com/palau
Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg  Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea Sports Federation & National Olympic Committee (PNGSFOC) oceaniasport.com/png
Flag of Samoa.svg  Samoa Samoa Association of Sports and National Olympic Committee (SASNOC) oceaniasport.com/samoa
Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg  Solomon Islands Solomon Islands National Olympic Committee (NOCSI) oceaniasport.com/solomon
Flag of French Polynesia.svg  Tahiti Comité olympique de Polynésie française (COPF) www.copftahiti.com
Flag of Tokelau.svg  Tokelau Tokelau Sports Federation sportingpulse.com/assoc_page.cgi?assoc=3861
Flag of Tonga.svg  Tonga Tonga Sports Association and National Olympic Committee (TASANOC) oceaniasport.com/tonga
Flag of Tuvalu.svg  Tuvalu Tuvalu Association of Sports and National Olympic Committee (TASNOC) oceaniasport.com/tuvalu
Flag of Vanuatu.svg  Vanuatu Vanuatu Association of Sports and National Olympic Committee (VASANOC) oceaniasport.com/vanuatu
Flag of Wallis and Futuna.svg  Wallis and Futuna Comité Territorial Olympique et Sportif des Iles Wallis et Futuna (CTOSWF) wallisetfutuna.franceolympique.com

List of Pacific Games

Editions

Overview of the Pacific Games
YearEditionHost cityHost AssociationOpened bySportsEventsTeamsStart dateEnd dateCompetitorsTop AssociationRef
1963 I Suva Flag of Fiji (1924-1970).svg Fiji Sir Kenneth Maddocks 10581329 Aug.8 Sep.646 Flag of Fiji (1924-1970).svg Fiji
1966 II Nouméa Flag of France.svg New Caledonia Unknown1286148 Dec.18 Dec.1200 Flag of France.svg New Caledonia
1969 III Port Moresby Flag of Papua New Guinea (1965-1970).svg Papua New Guinea Prince Edward 15951213 Aug.23 Aug.1150 Flag of France.svg New Caledonia
1971 IV Papeete Flag of French Polynesia.svg Tahiti Pierre Messmer 171171425 Aug.5 Sep.2000 Flag of France.svg New Caledonia
1975 V Tamuning Flag of Guam.svg  Guam Ricardo Bordallo 16119131 Aug.10 Aug.1205 Flag of France.svg New Caledonia
1979 VI Suva Flag of Fiji.svg  Fiji Unknown181291928 Aug.8 Sep.2672 Flag of France.svg New Caledonia
1983 VII Apia Flag of Samoa.svg Western Samoa Malietoa Tanumafili II 1597135 Sep.16 Sep.2500New Caledonia Sports Flag.svg New Caledonia
1987 VIII Nouméa New Caledonia Sports Flag.svg New Caledonia Unknown18159128 Dec.20 Dec.1650New Caledonia Sports Flag.svg New Caledonia
1991 IX Port Moresby Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg  Papua New Guinea Prince Andrew 17164167 Sep.21 Sep.2000Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg  Papua New Guinea
1995 X Papeete Flag of French Polynesia.svg Tahiti Unknown252531225 Aug.5 Sep.2000New Caledonia Sports Flag.svg New Caledonia
1999 XI Santa Rita Flag of Guam.svg  Guam Unknown222332129 May12 Jun.3000+New Caledonia Sports Flag.svg New Caledonia
2003 XII Suva Flag of Fiji.svg  Fiji Josefa Iloilo 323092228 Jun.12 Jul.5000New Caledonia Sports Flag.svg New Caledonia
2007 XIII Apia Flag of Samoa.svg  Samoa Tufuga Efi 333052225 Aug.8 Sep.5000New Caledonia Sports Flag.svg New Caledonia
2011 XIV Nouméa New Caledonia Sports Flag.svg New Caledonia Nicolas Sarkozy 273052227 Aug.10 Sep.4300Flags of New Caledonia.svg  New Caledonia
2015 XV Port Moresby Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg  Papua New Guinea Prince Andrew 28300244 Jul.18 Jul.3700Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg  Papua New Guinea
2019 XVI Apia Flag of Samoa.svg  Samoa Va'aletoa Sualauvi II 26322247 Jul.20 Jul.3500Flags of New Caledonia.svg  New Caledonia
2023 XVII Honiara Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg  Solomon Islands Manasseh Sogavare 243422419 Nov.2 Dec.5000Flags of New Caledonia.svg  New Caledonia [16]
2027 XVIII Pirae Flag of French Polynesia.svg  Tahiti TBA24TBD2424 Jul.8 Aug.TBD
2031 XIX TBA24TBD24TBD

Sports

There are 37 sports approved by the Pacific Games Council, as at December 2017. [17] In accordance with the Pacific Games Charter, a maximum 24 sports shall be contested at every games starting from the 2023 games and onwards. [18]

Core sports

The number of Pacific Games core sports is 17, effective for the 2023 Games. The core sports are required to be included at every edition of the games. [18] Sailing and Triathlon were made core sports in 2016, [18] and Archery was added in 2021. [19]

Details for each core sport, up to and including the 2023 games, are presented in the table below:

Sport (discipline)ContestedYears
Archery Archery pictogram.svg 8 times1971–1975, 1995, 2003–2011, 2019–present
Athletics Athletics pictogram.svg All1963–present
Basketball a (5x5) Basketball pictogram.svg All1963–present
3-on-3 basketball pictogram.svg 2 times2019–present
Boxing Boxing pictogram.svg All1963–present
Football Football pictogram.svg 16 times1963–1995, 2003–present
Golf Golf pictogram.svg 15 times1969–present
Judo Judo pictogram.svg 12 times1969–1979, 1987, 1995–2011, 2019–present
Outrigger canoeing Vaa pictogram.svg 8 times1995–present
Rugby sevens Rugby Sevens pictogram.svg 6 times1999–present
Sailing Sailing pictogram.svg 14 times1969–1979, 1987–present
Swimming Swimming pictogram.svg 16 times1963–1979, 1987–present
Table tennis Table tennis pictogram.svg All1963–present
Taekwondo Taekwondo pictogram.svg 8 times1995–present
Tennis Tennis pictogram.svg All1963–present
Triathlon Triathlon pictogram.svg 8 times1995–present
Volleyball b (indoor) Volleyball (indoor) pictogram.svg All1963–present
Volleyball (beach) pictogram.svg 7 times1999–present
Weightlifting Weightlifting pictogram.svg 16 times1966–present

Optional sports

There are 20 optional sports could be chosen for inclusion at a games, as selected by the host city organising committee. Details for each optional sport, up to and including the 2023 games, are presented in the table below:

Sport (discipline)ContestedYears
Badminton Badminton pictogram.svg 4 times2003–2011, 2019
Baseball Baseball pictogram.svg 4 times1999–2011
Billiards Billiards pictogram.svg N/A
Bodybuilding Bodybuilding pictogram.svg 6 times1995, 2003–2015, 2023
Cricket Cricket pictogram.svg 8 times1979, 1987–1991, 2003–present
Cycling Cycling pictogram.svg 5 times1966, 1971–1975, 1987, 1995
Field hockey Field hockey pictogram.svg 5 times1979, 2003–2007, 2015, 2023
Handball Handball pictogram.svg N/A
Karate Karate pictogram.svg 6 times1995–2003, 2011–2015, 2023
Lawn bowls Lawn bowls pictogram.svg 7 times1979, 1983, 1991, 2003–2007, 2015–2019
Netball c Netball pictogram.svg 13 times1963–1969, 1979–1983, 1991–2007, 2015–present
Powerlifting Powerlifting pictogram (Paralympics).svg 7 times1995, 2003–present
Rugby league nines Rugby league pictogram.svg 4 times2007, 2015–present
Shooting Shooting pictogram.svg 7 times1987, 1995, 2003–2019
Snooker Cue sports pictogram.svg N/A
Softball Softball pictogram.svg 6 times1969–1975, 1991, 2007, 2015
Squash Squash pictogram.svg 9 times1979–1991, 2003–2019
Surfing Surfing pictogram.svg 4 times1995, 2003–2011
Touch rugby d Rugby pictogram.svg 5 times2003–2007, 2015–present
Wrestling Wrestling pictogram.svg 2 times1999, 2007

Former sports

Former sports include rugby 15s (replaced by rugby 7s) and underwater fishing (last contested in 1999).

Sport (discipline)ContestedYears
Rugby union Rugby pictogram.svg 9 times1963–1971, 1979–1995
Underwater fishing Spearfishing pictogram.svg 4 times1971–1975, 1995–1999

Also included at the 2009 Pacific Mini Games was rugby league 7s (now replaced by rugby league 9s).

Notes:

^a The 3x3 format was added as an extra discipline for basketball in 2019 after being included at the Mini Games in 2017.

^b Volleyball and beach volleyball disciplines have been listed as one sport for the purposes of the Games program since some time after the bids for the XV Games (in conjunction with the maximum number of sports being reduced from 28 to 26 for the XVI Games). [20] [21]

^c Netball is a women's competition only.

^d Touch rugby is an optional sport but men's, women's and mixed tournaments must be included if touch rugby is selected.

All-time medal table

Officially, the final medal tally of the Games does not recognize a winner, regarding competition and fair play more highly. [7]

*Note : Nation(s) in italics no longer participate at the Pacific Games.

Updated after the 2023 Pacific Games .
RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1New Caledonia flags merged (2017).svg  New Caledonia 9937846892,466
2Flag of French Polynesia.svg  Tahiti 5745035291,606
3Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg  Papua New Guinea 4994734851,457
4Flag of Fiji.svg  Fiji 4435155381,496
5Flag of Samoa.svg  Samoa (includes Western Samoa)266214222702
6Flag of Nauru.svg  Nauru 1117967257
7Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 1005235187
8Flag of Guam.svg  Guam 72112140324
9Flag of Tonga.svg  Tonga 6074114248
10Flag of American Samoa.svg  American Samoa 455184180
11Flag of the Cook Islands.svg  Cook Islands 365780173
12Flag of Vanuatu.svg  Vanuatu (includes New Hebrides)3268111211
13Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg  Solomon Islands 3188122241
14Flag of France.svg  Wallis and Futuna 284891167
15Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia.svg  Micronesia 23151048
16Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand 19322879
17Flag of Kiribati.svg  Kiribati 15283982
18Flag of the Northern Mariana Islands.svg  Northern Mariana Islands 13131844
19Flag of Palau.svg  Palau 9141639
20Flag of Norfolk Island.svg  Norfolk Island 7151941
21Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg  Marshall Islands 571527
22Flag of Tokelau.svg  Tokelau 3227
23Flag of Tuvalu.svg  Tuvalu 29617
24Flag of Niue.svg  Niue 261321
25Flag of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands (1937-1976).svg  Gilbert and Ellice Islands 0112
Totals (25 entries)3,3883,2603,47410,122

See also

Related Research Articles

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References

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Sources

Archive