World Taekwondo

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World Taekwondo
세계 태권도 연맹
AbbreviationWT
FormationMay 28, 1973
Purpose Martial art and sport
Headquarters Sejongdaero 55, Jung-gu, Seoul, South Korea
Lausanne, Switzerland
Location
  • South Korea
Region served
Worldwide
Membership
213 national associations
Official language
English, Korean, French and Spanish
President
Choue Chung-won [1]
Website worldtaekwondo.org
Flagpoles and flags of the World Taekwondo and of the Korean Taekwondo Association at the Kukkiwon in Seoul, South Korea Flags Kukkiwon Seoul.JPG
Flagpoles and flags of the World Taekwondo and of the Korean Taekwondo Association at the Kukkiwon in Seoul, South Korea

World Taekwondo, called the World Taekwondo Federation until June 2017, is an international federation governing the sport of taekwondo and is a member of the Association of Summer Olympic International Federations (ASOIF). [2]

Contents

The World Taekwondo Federation was established on May 28, 1973, at its inaugural meeting held at the Kukkiwon with participation of 35 representatives from around the world. As of April 2022 there are 212 member nations. [3] Since 2004, Choue Chung-won has been the president of World Taekwondo, succeeding the first president, Kim Un-yong.

On July 17, 1980, the International Olympic Committee recognized World Taekwondo at its 83rd Session in Moscow, Russia. Taekwondo debuted as a demonstration sport of the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. On September 4, 1994, Taekwondo was adopted as an official Sport of the 2000 Summer Olympics at the 103rd IOC Session in Paris, France. [4]

The body was renamed World Taekwondo in June 2017 to avoid the "negative connotations" of the acronym associated with the common internet slang WTF. [5] [6]

Organizational structure

Old WTF logo. World Taekwondo Federation old logo.svg
Old WTF logo.

The main constituents of World Taekwondo are the following: The General Assembly (GA); the World Taekwondo Council; the President and the Secretariat. In addition to its main constituents World Taekwondo also encompasses other organizations that have been duly authorized or recognized by the Council and the GA and that operate under the auspices of World Taekwondo. World Taekwondo-recognized or authorized organizations include but are not limited to the Continental Unions. The General Assembly is the general meeting of the council and representatives of MNAs of World Taekwondo. The GA is World Taekwondo's supreme decision making organ. Its decisions are final, whereas the Council consists of the President, the Vice Presidents, the Secretary General, the Treasurer and the Council members. Responsibilities of the council are for example planning and management of World Taekwondo organization and operations and the control over the financial budget and financial reports. The President is elected by the GA from among its members for a term of four years. The President must lead and represent World Taekwondo; concurrently lead the GA and the council as its chairman, and preside over meetings and other activities as well as designate official duties to Vice Presidents on an ad-hoc basis for the betterment of the development of the sport of taekwondo and World Taekwondo operations. Furthermore, the President appoints the chairmen and members of World Taekwondo Committees. Lastly, the Secretariat of World Taekwondo is installed at the location of World Taekwondo headquarters for the execution of the secretarial affairs and duties of the President and the Secretary General. [7] [8]

History

World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) was established on May 28, 1973, at the inaugural meeting held at the Kukkiwon with participation of 35 representatives from the world after it separated from the International Taekwon-Do Federation because of political reasons. At that time, Un Yong Kim was elected president for a four-year term. One of the main Constituents of World Taekwondo, the Secretariat was formed on June 3, 1973, and began operating. On October 8, 1974, World Taekwondo was affiliated to the General Association of International Sports Federations (GAISF), now SportAccord. Until the 1980s, the European (May, 1976), the Asian (October, 1976), the Pan American (September, 1978) and the African (April, 1979) Taekwondo Unions inaugural meetings were held, while Oceania's Taekwondo Union was not recognized as the 5th Continental Union of World Taekwondo until July 16, 2005. The recognition of the IOC towards World Taekwondo at its 83rd session in Moscow on July 17, 1980, was the cornerstone for their Cooperation. Thereupon Taekwondo participated in the 24th Olympiad at Changchung Gymnasium in Seoul, Korea as well as the 25th Olympiad at the Palau Blaugrana in Barcelona, Spain as a demonstration sport. In recognition of his contribution to the Olympic Movement Un Yong Kim was awarded the Order of Commander by Prince Rainier of Monaco on September 21, 1993. Moreover, Taekwondo was adopted as an official sport of the 2000 Summer Olympics at the 103rd IOC session in Paris, France, on September 4, 1994. Half a year later, on February 15, 1995, World Taekwondo was affiliated with the Association of Summer Olympic International Federations (ASOIF) as a provisional member. After the first appearance of Taekwondo as an Olympic Sport in the 2000 Summer Olympics, the IOC executive board confirms Taekwondo as an Olympic Sport for the 2004 Summer Olympics on December 11–13, 2000. Furthermore, the inclusion of taekwondo in the 2008 Summer Olympics was confirmed on November 29, 2002, at the 114th IOC session held in Mexico City. On February 15, 2004, the Vice President (Italy) Sun Jae Park was elected as Acting President of World Taekwondo due to the resignation of the founding President Un Yong Kim from the presidency of World Taekwondo. Four month later Chung Won Choue was elected as new President of World Taekwondo at the extraordinary General Assembly on June 11, 2004. Taekwondo was confirmed as program of the 2012 Summer Olympics on July 8, 2005. [9]

Mission and objectives

The mission of World Taekwondo is to provide effective international governance of taekwondo as an Olympic sport and Paralympic sport. The envisioned objectives of World Taekwondo are to promote, expand, and improve worldwide the practice of taekwondo in light of its educational, cultural, and sports values (the "Taekwondo movement") and to promote fair play, youth development, and education as well as to encourage peace and cooperation though participation in sports. Moreover, World Taekwondo wants to promote or sanction international taekwondo competitions and relating to those World Taekwondo resolves to constantly improve technical rules regulating taekwondo competitions and poomsae competitions sanctioned or promoted by World Taekwondo, including the taekwondo event of the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games. Furthermore, World Taekwondo wants to take action in order to strengthen the unity and protect the interests of World Taekwondo and the Taekwondo Movement as well as to engage in other activities in support of the above objectives. World Taekwondo undertakes its missions and objectives in cooperation with independent affiliated organizations including World Taekwondo Academy, World Taekwondo Peace Corps, World Taekwondo Demonstration Team, Pro Taekwondo Federation, Global Taekwondo Support Federation, and Taekwondo International Federation. [10]

Membership

As of 2022, the global membership of World Taekwondo stands at 212 national member associations, spanning five continents. [11]

Continental Federations

45 national member associations
51 national member associations
52 national member associations
43 national member associations
19 member national associations

National Associations

Pan America [12]
Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg  Antigua and Barbuda (1998)Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina (1976)Flag of Aruba.svg  Aruba (1992)Flag of the Bahamas.svg  Bahamas (1997)
Flag of Barbados.svg  Barbados (1986)Flag of Belize.svg  Belize (1997)Flag of Bermuda.svg  Bermuda (1983)Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg  Bolivia (1977)
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil (1975)Flag of the British Virgin Islands.svg  British Virgin Islands (1998)Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada (1975)Flag of the Cayman Islands.svg  Cayman Islands (1989)
Flag of Chile.svg  Chile (1989)Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia (1976)Flag of Costa Rica.svg  Costa Rica (1984)Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba (1993)
Flag of Curacao.svg  Curaçao (2012)Flag of Dominica.svg  Dominica (1999)Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg  Dominican Republic (1983)Flag of Ecuador.svg  Ecuador (1973)
Flag of El Salvador.svg  El Salvador (1987)Flag of Grenada.svg  Grenada (1995)Flag of France.svg  Guadeloupe (2011)Flag of Guatemala.svg  Guatemala (1991)
Flag of Guyana.svg  Guyana (1995)Flag of Haiti.svg  Haiti (1992)Flag of Honduras.svg  Honduras (1979)Flag of Jamaica.svg  Jamaica (1977)
MARTINIQUE TAEKWONDO DRAPEAU.svg  Martinique (2011)Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico (1973)Flag of Nicaragua.svg  Nicaragua (1991)Flag of Panama.svg  Panama (1989)
Flag of Paraguay.svg  Paraguay (1982)Flag of Peru.svg  Peru (1977)Flag of Puerto Rico.svg  Puerto Rico (1977)Flag of Saint Lucia.svg  Saint Lucia (1998)
Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1992)Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg  Saint Kitts and Nevis (1998)Flag of Suriname.svg  Suriname (1977)Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg  Trinidad and Tobago (1983)
Flag of Uruguay.svg  Uruguay (1990)Flag of the United States.svg  USA (1975)Flag of Venezuela.svg  Venezuela (1976)Flag of the United States Virgin Islands.svg  United States Virgin Islands (1981)
Europe [13]
Flag of Albania.svg  Albania (1995)Flag of Andorra.svg  Andorra (1987)Flag of Armenia.svg  Armenia (1996)Flag of Austria.svg  Austria (1973)
Flag of Azerbaijan.svg  Azerbaijan (1995)Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium (1975)Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg  Bosnia & Herzegovina (1993)Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria (1990)
Flag of Croatia.svg  Croatia (1992)Flag of Cyprus.svg  Cyprus (1982)Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic (1995)Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark (1975)
Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia (1998)Flag of Finland.svg  Finland (1979)Flag of North Macedonia.svg  North Macedonia (2001)Flag of France.svg  France (1975)
Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia (1995)Flag of Germany.svg  Germany (1973)Flag of Greece.svg  Greece (1978)Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary (1989)
Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland (1991)Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland (1983)Flag of the Isle of Man.svg  Isle of Man (2006)Flag of Israel.svg  Israel (1981)
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy (1977)Flag of Kosovo.svg  Kosovo (2013)Flag of Latvia.svg  Latvia (1992)Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania (1992)
Flag of Luxembourg.svg  Luxembourg (1993)Flag of Malta.svg  Malta (1995)Flag of Monaco.svg  Monaco (1996)Flag of Montenegro.svg  Montenegro (2007)
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands (1976)Flag of Norway.svg  Norway (1977)Flag of Poland.svg  Poland (1979)Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal (1976)
Flag of Belarus.svg  Belarus (1992)Flag of Moldova.svg  Moldova (1995)Flag of Romania.svg  Romania (1991)Flag of Russia.svg  Russia (1991)
Flag of San Marino.svg  San Marino (1994)Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia (1975)Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia (1994)Flag of Slovenia.svg  Slovenia (1993)
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain (1975)Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden (1977)Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland (1977)Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey (1975)
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine (1993)Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom (1977)

Flag of the Vatican City (2023-present).svg  Vatican City (2021)

Asia [14]
Flag of Afghanistan (2013-2021).svg  Afghanistan (1993)Flag of Bahrain.svg  Bahrain (1977)Flag of Bangladesh.svg  Bangladesh (1999)Flag of Bhutan.svg  Bhutan (1985)
Flag of Brunei.svg  Brunei Darussalam (1973)Flag of Cambodia.svg  Cambodia (1995)Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China (1995)Flag of East Timor.svg  East Timor (2009)
Flag of Hong Kong.svg  Hong Kong (1978)Flag of India.svg  India (1979)Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia (1975)Flag of Iran.svg  Iran (1975)
Flag of Iraq.svg  Iraq (1984)Merchant flag of Japan (1870).svg Japan (1981)Flag of Jordan.svg  Jordan (1979)Flag of Kazakhstan.svg  Kazakhstan (1993)
Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea (1973)Flag of Kuwait.svg  Kuwait (1977)Flag of Kyrgyzstan (2023).svg  Kyrgyzstan (1993)Flag of Laos.svg  Laos (1996)
Flag of Lebanon.svg  Lebanon (1978)Flag of Macau.svg  Macau (2002)Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia (1975)Flag of Maldives.svg  Maldives (2022)
Flag of Mongolia.svg  Mongolia (1991)Flag of Myanmar.svg  Myanmar (1990)Flag of Nepal.svg    Nepal (1983)Flag of Oman.svg  Oman (2010)
Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan (1977)Flag of Palestine.svg  Palestine (1989)Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines (1973)Flag of Qatar.svg  Qatar (1977)
Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia (1977)Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore (1975)Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka (1983)Flag of Syria.svg  Syria (2000)
Flag of Chinese Taipei for Olympic games.svg  Chinese Taipei (1974)Flag of Tajikistan.svg  Tajikistan (1995)Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand (1975)Flag of Turkmenistan.svg  Turkmenistan (2000)
Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  United Arab Emirates (1994)Flag of Uzbekistan.svg  Uzbekistan (1992)Flag of Vietnam.svg  Vietnam (1989)Flag of Yemen.svg  Yemen (1988)
Oceania [15]
Flag of American Samoa.svg  American Samoa (2007)Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia (1975)Flag of the Cook Islands.svg  Cook Islands (2011)Flag of Fiji.svg  Fiji (1983)
Flag of French Polynesia.svg  French Polynesia (1975)Flag of Guam.svg  Guam (1986)Flag of Kiribati.svg  Kiribati (2006)Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg  Marshall Islands (2007)
Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia.svg  Micronesia (2011)Flag of Nauru.svg  Nauru (2011)Flag of FLNKS.svg  New Caledonia (2010)Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand (1975)
Flag of Palau.svg  Palau (2011)Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg  Papua New Guinea (2003)Flag of Samoa.svg  Samoa (1997)Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg  Solomon Islands (1999)
Flag of Tonga.svg  Tonga (2001)Flag of Tuvalu.svg  Tuvalu (2011)Flag of Vanuatu.svg  Vanuatu (2004)

Sparring

Official World Taekwondo trunk protector (hogu), forearm guards and shin guards Proteccionestkd.JPG
Official World Taekwondo trunk protector (hogu), forearm guards and shin guards

Under World Taekwondo and Olympic rules, sparring is a full-contact event and takes place between two competitors on a matted 8 meter octagon.

Scoring of valid points is determined by using the electronic scoring system installed in what World Taekwondo designates as "Protector and Scoring Systems" (PSS). In events where the PSS are used, all scoring is determined by judges using manual scoring devices. [16]

There are now two alternate forms of contest.

Standard form

At the end of three rounds, the athlete with the most points is declared the winner. A tie, however, results in an additional round, known as "Golden Point". If no point is scored during the Golden Point, the player with the most registers on the PSS is declared the winner. If one athlete is knocked out, or is otherwise unable to continue as a result of a legal technique by his opponent, the other athlete is automatically awarded the victory. [17]

Best of three system

In the best of three system, the duration of the contest comprises three rounds of two minutes each. The contestant with the most number of points per round wins the round. The winning contestant is the one who wins the most number of rounds out of three. [16]

Points

Points are awarded for permitted, accurate, and powerful techniques to the legal scoring areas; light contact does not score any points. Points are awarded as follows:

The competition sparring rules were updated by World Taekwondo General Assembly in November 2016 in order to upgrade the sport so that it "dazzles and excites." Changes include encouraging more offensive actions with modifications to some of the point scoring and by disallowing certain leg blocks, elimination of mid-game interruptions, and improvements that simplify penalty assessment and foster better officiating. [18] These new rules took effect in January 2017.

Beginning in 2009, a kick or punch that makes contact with the opponent's hogu (the body guard that functions as a scoring target) scores one point; if a kick to the hogu involved a technique that includes fully turning the attacking competitor's body, so that the back is fully exposed to the targeted competitor during execution of the technique (spinning kick), an additional point is awarded; a kick to the head scores three points; as of October 2010 an additional point is awarded if a turning kick was used to execute this attack. [19] Punches to the head are not allowed. As of March 2010, no additional points are awarded for knocking down an opponent (beyond the normal points awarded for legal strikes).

The referee can give penalties (called "gam-jeom") at any time for rule-breaking, such as hitting an area not recognized as a target, falling, or stalling the match.

Until 2008, if one competitor gained a 7-point lead over the other, or if one competitor reached a total of 12 points, then that competitor was immediately declared the winner and the match ended. These rules were abolished by World Taekwondo at the start of 2009. In October 2010 World Taekwondo reintroduced a point gap rule. Under the new rule if a competitor has a 12-point lead at the end of the second round or achieves a 12-point lead at any point in the third round then the match is over and the athlete in the lead is declared the winner. [19]

World Taekwondo-sanctioned events allow any person, regardless of school affiliation or martial arts style, to compete in World Taekwondo events as long as he or she is a member of World Taekwondo Member National Association in his or her nation. These National Associations are open for anyone to join.

WT World Ranking

As of the rules established in 2017, it has been arranged a new grading for competitions that will award points to the best placed athletes. Previously the maximum was G10, now it was doubled to G20. [20] The "G" value of a tournament is used to calculate how many points an athlete is awarded for winning a tournament. For example, the Olympics as a G-20 tournament is worth five times as many points to the athlete as a Continental Championship (a G-4 tournament). [21] To compete on a WT Ranking-Points Competition the athletes need a Global License, which allows them to secure points on any country that hosts a tournament and it's affiliated with WT. [22]

GradeCompetition
G1WT Sanctioned tournaments
World University Championships
Multi-Sport Games
World Military Championships
G2WT Sanctioned tournaments
Universiade
Military World Games
G4 Grand Prix Series
Continental Championships
Continental Multi-Sport Games (with 4-year cycle)
G8 Grand Prix Final
G12 World Taekwondo Championships
G20 Summer Olympics

The points awarded to the athletes are given within the following formula:

Where, generally, excluding the Summer Olympics where players tie at the same place due to the repechages:

Thereafter (generally) the percentage used is 70% rather than 60%

Example:

An athlete places 3rd at a G-8 event. Then the athlete is awarded:

(10 points x 60% x 60%) x 8 = 28.8 points.

Attrition of Athlete Points

When an athlete is awarded points at a Ranking-Point Tournament, those points remain attached to that athlete for four years. During a four-year period, points are deducted from the athletes rank after each completed year by 25% of the initial points.

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