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Hagåtña is the capital village of the United States territory of Guam. From the 18th through mid-20th century,it was Guam's population center,but today it is the second smallest of the island's 19 villages in both area and population. However,it remains one of the island's major commercial districts in addition to being the seat of government.
The Navy Cross is the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps' second-highest military decoration awarded for sailors and marines who distinguish themselves for extraordinary heroism in combat with an armed enemy force. The medal is equivalent to the Army's Distinguished Service Cross,the Air Force and Space Force's Air Force Cross,and the Coast Guard Cross.
Agana Heights is one of the nineteen villages in the United States territory of Guam. It is located in the hills south of Hagåtña,in the central part of the island. United States Naval Hospital Guam is located in this largely residential village.
Frank Herman Schofield was a decorated admiral in the United States Navy,where he served with distinction in the Spanish–American War and World War I. He was also acting governor of Guam from January 11,1904,to January 28,1904.
The Battle of Guam was an engagement during the Pacific War in World War II,and took place from 8 December to 10 December 1941 on Guam in the Mariana Islands between Japan and the United States. The American garrison was defeated by Japanese forces on 10 December,which resulted in an occupation until the Second Battle of Guam in 1944.
William Wirt Gilmer was a United States Navy Captain who served as both the 22nd and 24th Naval Governor of Guam. A graduate of the United States Naval Academy,he commanded the USS South Carolina during World War I,for which he received the Navy Cross. During his two terms as governor,he proved one of the most contentious leaders in Guam's history. He exercised a large amount of control over islanders' daily lives,including banning whistling and smoking and setting up a curfew. He came into conflict with prominent Americans and Washington Naval leaders when he outlawed marriage between whites and non-whites on the island,believing the Chamorro people inferior. Eventually,concerned islanders gained the attention of Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels,who had Assistant Secretary of the Navy Franklin D. Roosevelt personally order the rescinding of the act. Gilmer was removed for a short time before serving a second term.
James Sutherland Spore was a commander in the United States Navy. He served as acting governor of Guam from February 27,1921 to February 7,1922 and as acting governor of American Samoa from March 24,1931 to April 22,1931.
Alfred Walton Hinds was a United States Navy captain who served as the 17th Naval Governor of Guam. His early naval service included serving as Assistant Engineer aboard USS Texas,the United States Navy's first battleship,where he was reprimanded for an accident aboard in 1896. In 1911,Hinds joined the staff of the United States Naval Academy,heading the Department of Marine Engineering and Naval Construction,writing a textbook on the subject while there.
Frank Barrows Freyer was a United States Navy captain who served as the 14th Naval Governor of Guam. Freyer graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1902,having played several collegiate sports there. The Navy assigned him to many different ships,including having him participate in the Great White Fleet and its visit to Japan. Soon after,he was transferred to the Naval Base Guam,where he served as assistant to the Commandant before from November 5,1910 to January 21,1911,he became acting governor of the island. As governor,he suspended the licenses of all midwives on the island because of an alarming rate of infection,requiring them all to be re-certified. After George Salisbury relieved him of the position,Freyer became his aide.
Rear Admiral Edward Simpson Jr. was a United States Navy officer who briefly served as the acting 20th Naval Governor of Guam from May 8,1916 to May 30,1916. Simpson,commandant of the U.S. Naval Base Subic Bay and the U.S. Naval Station Sangley Point,took the position pending the arrival of appointed Governor Captain Roy Campbell Smith. Prior to his command,he served as a naval attachéto London in 1911.
William John Maxwell was a United States Navy officer who served as the 18th Naval Governor of Guam. He entered the United States Naval Academy in 1874,but was not commissioned as an ensign until 1883. He served aboard many ships before becoming one of the inaugural members of the General Board of the United States Navy. Afterward,he commanded both USS Mississippi and USS Florida.
Adelbert Althouse was a United States Navy Captain who served as the 27th and 29th Naval Governor of Guam. Prior to his Governorship,he served on ships in the Navy and participated in both the Spanish–American War and World War I. He earned the Navy Cross for his actions commanding USS Brooklyn and serving as Chief of Staff for the Commander and Chief of the United States Asiatic Fleet during the World War. As Governor,he focused on reforming the island's education system. He modeled a new system after that of co-educational California but also outlawed the speaking of the Chamorro language at schools in an effort to improve the English language skills of the local children. Most of his education reform took place in his first term.
Henry Bertrand Price was a United States Navy Captain who served as the 30th Naval Governor of Guam. As a naval officer,he served on many assignments,including with the Bureau of Ordnance. In 1913,he became executive officer of USS Delaware,and two years later commanding officer of USS Melville. Becoming governor in 1923,Price focused on agricultural development,particularly in the region of Mangilao,Guam. He also ordered increased road building and the establishment of the Guam Department of Agriculture.
Alfred Winsor Brown II was a United States Navy captain who served as the 31st naval governor of Guam. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1907,serving aboard a number of ships in many different capacities soon after. He returned to the academy on staff before serving as the first commanding officer of USS Tingey. From 1924 to 1926,he served as Guamanian governor before attending the Naval War College and serving on the staff of a number of high-ranking naval officers. He then served as commanding officer of USS Whitney and the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard. Soon after assuming command of USS Arizona,Brown died of a heart attack.
Lloyd Stowell Shapley was a United States Navy Captain who served as the 32nd Naval Governor of Guam. Shapley served as governor from April 7,1926,to June 11,1929.
Edmund Spence Root was a United States Navy Captain who served as the 34th Naval Governor of Guam. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1905,serving on many ships as an ensign. He served as the inaugural commanding officer of two ships:USS Rizal and USS Astoria. He served during World War I as commander of the U-boat hunting USS Rowan,for which he received a letter of commendation. As governor,he generated controversy by expelling 112 Japanese laborers from Guam. The Guam Museum also opened during his term of office.
George Andrew Alexander was a United States Navy Captain who served as the 35th Naval Governor of Guam. Prior to serving as governor,he commanded USS Medusa. As Governor of Guam,he greatly changed the judicial system by purging the island of leftover Spanish laws and replacing them with the Code of Guam. He also led an unsuccessful campaign to obtain United States citizenship for all residents of Guam. After his term as governor,he commanded USS Arizona before retiring.
Benjamin Vaughan McCandlish was a United States Navy flag officer who served as the 36th Naval Governor of Guam and was a recipient of the Navy Cross.
George Johnson McMillin was a United States Navy rear admiral who served as the 38th and final naval governor of Guam. He served as an officer during four separate conflicts:World War I,the occupation of the Dominican Republic,the United States occupation of Veracruz,and World War II. He served on the staff of both the Naval Academy and the Naval War College as well. He is most remembered as the commander who surrendered Guamanian forces to a much larger Japanese force during the First Battle of Guam,only the second battle of World War II involving the United States. He had previously evacuated all but one civilian American citizen from the island and attempted to rebuild defenses after a strong typhoon devastated the island the year before. On December 8,1941,Japanese forces invaded Guam and McMillin surrendered two days later. He spent the rest of the war at various Japanese prisoner of war camps.
Ivan Cyrus Wettengel was a United States Navy Captain who served as the 25th Naval Governor of Guam. A graduate of the United States Naval Academy,Wettengel commanded a number of ships. He received the Navy Cross for his command of USS Wisconsin during World War I. He also commanded USS Texas and the Naval Training Station Hampton Roads. During his tenure as governor,he overturned many of the unpopular policies of William Gilmer. He also attempted to assemble a bull-mounted Guam Cavalry,but the initiative failed. A number of locations in Guam are named in his honor.
References
- ↑ "Naval Era Governors of Guam". Guampedia. Guam: University of Guam. 10 August 2010. Archived from the original on 11 July 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
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