John Tamworth (died 1569) was an English courtier, Member of Parliament (1563), and ambassador to Scotland.
Contents
- Career
- Keeper of the Privy Purse
- Master of Toyles
- Mission to Scotland
- Funds for the Earl of Moray
- Death
- References
- External links
John Tamworth (died 1569) was an English courtier, Member of Parliament (1563), and ambassador to Scotland.
He was a son of Thomas Tamworth and Elizabeth Denkaring. [1] The surname is sometimes spelled "Tomworth" or "Thomworth". He seems to have spent time in Italy in the 1550s, and continued to buy books printed in Italy, including a thesaurus, The Abundance of Words by Giovanni Marinello. [2]
In 1562, he married Christina or Christian Walsingham, daughter of William Walsingham and Joyce Denny. Their daughter Christian Tamworth died young. Her brother was Francis Walsingham. [3] John Tamworth was Member of Parliament for Boston in 1563. [4]
Tamworth was a Groom of the Privy Chamber and Keeper of the Privy Purse to Elizabeth I. An account of the purse survives in the British Library, [5] and was first published in 1823. [6]
Tamworth's receipts include £100 given by the City of Coventry to Elizabeth at her Royal Entry on 17 August 1566, and £100 from the City of Oxford on 31 August (Tamworth was awarded an MA). He paid for jewels, precious stones, and pearls for the queen, gave money to Thomas Litchfield to buy lute strings, he bought a great sackbut for Elizabeth, and paid for perfumes and bookbinding. The Keeper of the Privy Purse also paid the wages or stipends of the queen's gentlewomen and maidens of honour. Tamworth paid for supplies given to the silkwoman Alice Montague and for gold lace used by the queen's tailor Walter Fyshe. He also accounted for the wages of artisans, including the "Mistress Launder" who was supplied with 520 pearls costing a penny each, and in six months remade or "translated" Elizabeth's partlets. [7]
Tamworth was also in charge of "Toyles", formerly part of the office of revels, tents and toyles. [8] A "toyle" was a canvas cloth for covering a wagon, but also, in this case, a stand of nets used in hunting. [9]
His account mentions 75 cloths bought for "the Toyle" in July 1566. [10] Elizabeth hunted at Hatfield in July and Kenilworth in August. From the evidence of surviving financial records, Elizabeth does not seem to have frequently used this form of hunting. [11] Mary I of England and Philip II of Spain hunted on 7 August 1554 in Windsor forest over a four or five mile long course with a "toyle". [12]
He was sent as ambassador to Scotland in 1565 in matters concerning the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots to Lord Darnley and the beginnings of the rebellion known as the Chaseabout Raid. [13] He brought several complaints, and advice that Mary ought not to reverse the Scottish Reformation. He brought money to Agnes Keith, the wife of the rebel leader James, Earl of Moray. He was instructed to speak to Mary in favour of her half-brother Moray. He was given a frosty reception by Mary on 7 August, and told that Elizabeth should "meddle no further" with her private business. [14]
After consulting with Thomas Randolph, Tamworth refused a safe-conduct or passport written out by Sandy Hay and signed jointly by Mary and Darnley, as Elizabeth had not yet recognised Darnley as a co-ruler. [15]
Randolph mentions that some men in Edinburgh drew their swords to threaten him and Tamworth. [16] During his journey back to Berwick-upon-Tweed, on 21 August 1565, Tamworth was stopped by 30 "well furnished warlike" horsemen near Dunbar and detained at Hume Castle for 5 days. [17]
Elizabeth I complained to a French diplomat Michel de Castelnau about Tamworth's detention. [18] Randolph spoke to Mary at Holyrood Palace for Tamworth's release while Darnley was away visiting the new fortress on Inchkeith. Mary agreed to send a letter to Lord Home to secure his freedom. On 26 August Mary and Darnley left Edinburgh to address the rebellion in the west of Scotland. [19]
After his interview with Mary in August 1565, Tamworth consulted with Moray and his allies. Judging that a rebellion was likely, he sent to Berwick-upon-Tweed for the money that Elizabeth had promised them. [20] Later, two Scottish landowners or lawyers, James Nicolson and John Johnston, fled to England and wrote to Elizabeth for help. Mary had placed them "in extremity" and sent soldiers to occupy their houses and evict their families. Nicolson and Johnston had delivered the "first aid of money" from Tamworth to Moray. [21]
Mary wrote about John Johnston and the English money in a letter to Robert Melville in February 1566. She had granted Johnston a pardon or remission for his actions and he told her what had happened. Mary wrote that Johnston had delivered 3000 crowns in three bags from Randolph and Tamworth to Agnes Keith, "my Lady Murray" at St Andrews. This was clear evidence that Elizabeth was trying to subvert her rule. Mary made Johnston tell the story in front of Randolph. Randolph merely said that Johnston "might speak his pleasure, as anyone would do being in his case", and as a diplomat, he only had to answer to Elizabeth. [22] Mary wrote that she was planning to expel Randolph and wanted Melville (who was in London) to explain the matter to the Earl of Leicester. She wanted Melville and the French ambassador to make a report to Elizabeth, laying the blame on Randolph. Randolph left Edinburgh and stayed at Berwick. [23]
Mary sent a message to Rambouillet, a French diplomat going to London in February, that he should tell Elizabeth that the payments had been discovered. News of the embarrassment of Elizabeth's diplomats speread around Europe. [24] Tamworth's account of the privy purse mentions a further £3,000 from Thomas Gresham sent to the Earl of Bedford at Berwick in September 1565, and £5,000 lent to Moray in 1568 at the Westminster Conference. [25]
He died at Fulham on 23 April 1569 and was buried at St Botolph's Aldersgate. His widow married William Doddington of Breamore (died 1600). [26] Tamworth's place at court as Groom of the Privy Chamber was given to Henry Middlemore. [27]
Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, was the second husband of Mary, Queen of Scots, and the father of James VI of Scotland and I of England. Through his parents, he had claims to both the Scottish and English thrones, and from his marriage in 1565 he was king consort of Scotland. Less than a year after the birth of his son, Darnley was murdered at Kirk o' Field in 1567. Many contemporary narratives describing his life and death refer to him as simply Lord Darnley, his title as heir apparent to the Earldom of Lennox.
David Rizzio or Riccio was an Italian courtier, born in Pancalieri close to Turin, a descendant of an ancient and noble family still living in Piedmont, the Riccio Counts di San Paolo e Solbrito, who rose to become the private secretary of Mary, Queen of Scots. Mary's husband, Lord Darnley, is said to have been jealous of their friendship because of rumours that Rizzio had impregnated Mary, and he joined in a conspiracy of Protestant nobles to murder him, led by Patrick Ruthven, 3rd Lord Ruthven. Mary was having dinner with Rizzio and a few ladies-in-waiting when Darnley joined them, accused his wife of adultery and then had a group murder Rizzio, who was hiding behind Mary. Mary was held at gunpoint and Rizzio was stabbed numerous times. His body took 57 dagger wounds. The murder was the catalyst of the downfall of Darnley, and had serious consequences for Mary's subsequent reign.
James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray was a member of the House of Stewart as the illegitimate son of King James V of Scotland. At times a supporter of his half-sister Mary, Queen of Scots, he was the regent of Scotland for his half-nephew, the infant King James VI, from 1567 until his assassination in 1570. He was the first head of government to be assassinated with a firearm.
John Erskine, 1st Earl of Mar was a Scottish aristocrat and politician. He was the custodian of the infant James VI of Scotland and Regent of Scotland.
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The Casket letters were eight letters and some sonnets said to have been written by Mary, Queen of Scots, to the Earl of Bothwell, between January and April 1567. They were produced as evidence against Queen Mary by the Scottish lords who opposed her rule. In particular, the text of the letters was taken to imply that Queen Mary colluded with Bothwell in the murder of her husband, Lord Darnley. Mary's contemporary supporters, including Adam Blackwood, dismissed them as complete forgeries or letters written by the Queen's servant Mary Beaton. The authenticity of the letters, now known only by copies, continues to be debated. Some historians argue that they were forgeries concocted in order to discredit Queen Mary and ensure that Queen Elizabeth I supported the kingship of the infant James VI of Scotland, rather than his mother. The historian John Hungerford Pollen, in 1901, by comparing two genuine letters drafted by Mary, presented a subtle argument that the various surviving copies and translations of the casket letters could not be used as evidence of their original authorship by Mary.
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Thomas Randolph (1523–1590) was an English ambassador serving Elizabeth I of England. Most of his professional life he spent in Scotland at the courts of Mary, Queen of Scots, and her son James VI. While in Scotland, he was embroiled in marriage projects and several upheavals. In 1568-1569 he was sent on a special embassy to Russia, visiting the court of Ivan the Terrible.
Ninian Cockburn was a Scottish soldier and officer of the Garde Écossaise, a company which guarded the French king. He had an ambiguous role in political relations between Scotland, France and England during the war of the Rough Wooing and the Scottish Reformation.
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