John Westley (biochemist)

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John Westley
Born1927
Education University of Chicago (Ph.D. 1954)
Known forStudies of enzyme kinetics, especially of sulfurtransferases
Scientific career
FieldsBiochemistry
InstitutionsUniversity of Chicago
Thesis Studies on the synthesis of histidine by Escherichia coli (1954)
Notes
A photograph may be found at https://photoarchive.lib.uchicago.edu/db.xqy?one=apf1-13257.xml, but cannot be displayed here on account of copyright restrictions

John W. Westley (1927–) [1] was an enzymologist at the University of Chicago, best known for his research on rhodanese and other sulfurtransferases.

Contents

Education and employment

John Westley obtained his Ph.D. in 1954 at the University of Chicago on the basis of a thesis entitled "Studies on the synthesis of histidine by Escherichia coli". [1] He subsequently worked in the Department of Biochemistry (now Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology) of the University of Chicago.

Research

John Westley's doctoral research concerned the biosynthesis of histidine in Escherichia coli. Subsequently he became an enzymologist and worked principally on rhodanese (thiosulfate sulfurtransferase, EC 2.8.1.1), starting with a comparison of the enzyme forms isolated from beef liver and kidney [2] and purification of the kidney enzyme. [3]

He continued to study the kinetic behaviour of the liver enzyme, [4] and was probably the first to study memory effects in substituted-enzyme ("ping-pong") mechanisms. [5] [6] Memory effects are also possible in ternary-complex mechanisms, as in the "mnemonical model" used by Ricard and co-workers to explain the deviations from linear kinetics observed in wheat-germ hexokinase. [7] However, the kinetic effects are completely different. The memory effects discussed by Katz and Westley, [6] do not generate departures from linear kinetics but instead allow an enzyme to "remember" which of various alternative substrates it handled in the previous catalytic and modify its kinetic properties accordingly. In addition to specific reports on sulfurtransferases he wrotre a review on these enzymes. [8]

Westley was also concerned with more general aspects of enzyme kinetics, such as uncompetitive inhibition in metabolic systems, [9] metabolite channelling, [10] and rapid-equilibrium mechanisms, [11] and regulation. [12]

Enzymic catalysis

In addition to his research publications, Westley is also known for his book Enzymic catalysis, [13] which in its time was the leading textbook on the subject.

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References

  1. 1 2 Westley, John; Westley, John (1954). UChicago Library Catalog (Thesis). OCLC   83351841.
  2. ↑ Westley, John (1959). "A Comparison of Some Biochemical Properties of the Beef Liver and Beef Kidney Rhodaneses". J. Biol. Chem. 234 (7): 1857–1860. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)69938-7 . PMID   13672976.
  3. ↑ Westley, John; Green, John R. (1959). "Crystalline Beef Kidney Rhodanese". J. Biol. Chem. 234 (9): 2325–2326. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)69808-4 . PMID   13844173.
  4. ↑ Jarabak, R.; Westley, J. (1974). "Human liver rhodanese. Nonlinear kinetic behavior in a double displacement mechanism". Biochemistry. 13 (16): 3233–3236. doi:10.1021/bi00713a006. PMID   4858225.
  5. ↑ Jarabak, Rebecca; Westley, John (1974). "Enzymic memory. Consequence of conformational mobility". Biochemistry. 13 (16): 3237–3239. doi:10.1021/bi00713a007. PMID   4842741.
  6. 1 2 Katz, M.; Westley., J. (1979). "Enzymic memory. Steady state kinetic and physical studies with ascorbate oxidase and aspartate aminotransferase". J. Biol. Chem. 254 (18): 9142–9147. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)86822-9 . PMID   479184.
  7. ↑ Meunier, Jean-Claude; Buc, Jean; Navarro, André; Ricard, Jacques (1974). "Regulatory Behavior of Monomeric Enzymes 2. A Wheat-Germ Hexokinase as a Mnemonical Enzyme". Eur. J. Biochem. 49 (1): 209–223. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03826.x. PMID   4617677.
  8. ↑ Westley, John; Adler, Howard; Westley, Laura; Nishida, Craig (1983). "The sulfurtransferases". Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 3 (5): 377–382. doi:10.1016/S0272-0590(83)80008-6. PMID   6357923.
  9. ↑ Westley, Aiko; Westley, John (1996). "Enzyme inhibition in open systems: Superiority of uncompetitive agents". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (19): 5347–5352. doi: 10.1074/jbc.271.10.5347 . PMID   8621387.
  10. ↑ Lyle, Stephen; Stanczak, Jeffrey D.; Westley, John; Schwartz, Nancy B. (1995). "Sulfate-Activating Enzymes in Normal and Brachymorphic Mice: Evidence for a Channeling Defect". Biochemistry. 34 (3): 940–945. doi:10.1021/bi00003a028. PMID   7827052.
  11. ↑ Chauncey, Thomas; Jarabak, Rebecca; Westley, John (1985). "Rapid equilibrium-ordered enzyme mechanisms". J. Chem. Educ. 62 (8): 656. Bibcode:1985JChEd..62..656C. doi:10.1021/ed062p656.
  12. ↑ Westley, John; Taylor, Hugh (1975). "Origins of regulatory behavior". Adv. Enz. Reg. 13: 339–353. doi:10.1016/0065-2571(75)90024-2. PMID   1211291.
  13. ↑ Westley, John (1969). Enzymic Catalysis. Harper & Row.
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