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Josef Dobrowsky (22 September 1889 - 9 January 1964) was an Austrian painter and member of the Zinkerbacher Artist Colony that lived and worked together at Lake Wolfgang until its dissolution after Austria was annexed by Germany, known as the Anschluss, in 1938.
Josef Dobrowsky was born in Carlsbad, Bohemia, part of the Austrian Empire at the time under the Hapsburg monarchy. His father was a jeweler.
As a teenager Dobrowsky attended the Vienna School of Applied Arts, Franz Hohenberger's painting school until 1906 when he began studying at the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna where he learned under Christian Griepenkerl and Rudolf Bacher. There he became friends with Ernst Huber. From 1914 to 1918 his studies were interrupted by the First World War and his military service. He returned to school after the war and graduated in 1919. [1]
In 1915, Dobrowsky married Theresia Mayer (1889–1972). They had two sons together, Karl and Josef. [1]
Following the war he worked as a freelance artist and became a member of the Vienna Secession and later the Prague Secession. His work was focused mostly on landscapes and portraits, but also some genre scenes. [1]
Dobrowsky's early work is influenced by older contemporary Austrian painters like Gustav Klimt, Albin Egger-Lienz and Ferdinand Hodler. Starting in 1920 he began an intense study of the Old Masters of the Netherlands His later work is heavily influenced by them, especially Pieter Brueghel the Elder. [2]
Beginning in 1927 Dobrowsky joined Ferdinand Kitt in summers to Lake Wolfgang and the small, adjacent town of Zinkerbach. Other notable artists who attended included Sergius Pauser, Franz von Zülow, Lisel Salzer, Ernst Huber, Georg Erhlich, Bettina Bauer-Ehrlich, Georg Merkel and Louise Merkel-Romee . The group became known as the Zinkerbach Artist Colony. They met and discussed and created art over the course of several summers between the mid 1920's and 1937. After Austria joined the German reich in 1937, known as the Anschluss, many of the artists were forced to flee because of their Jewish identity or their political leanings.
In 1936 Dobrowsky received the Great Austrian State Prize for Fine Art. He would win it again in 1962.
Dobrowsky stayed in Vienna throughout the war, continued painting and exhibiting although his art was taken down at times for degeneracy, such as in 1937 from the Great German Art Museum and in 1943 from the Vienna Portraits from Art and Science Circles in the Künstlerhaus. Dobrowsky joined the Künstlerhaus due to the Vienna Secession being forced to dissolve in 1939. The Vienna Secession was revived after the war in 1946 and he again became a member.
After the war Dobrowski was named a professor of painting at the Vienna Academy. Alfred Hrdlicka, Josef Mikl and Wolfgang Hollegha all studied under him. [3]
Josef Dobrowsky died in Tullnerbach on January 9, 1964.
The Vienna Secession is an art movement, closely related to Art Nouveau, that was formed in 1897 by a group of Austrian painters, graphic artists, sculptors and architects, including Josef Hoffman, Koloman Moser, Otto Wagner and Gustav Klimt. They resigned from the Association of Austrian Artists in protest against its support for more traditional artistic styles. Their most influential architectural work was the Secession exhibitions hall designed by Joseph Maria Olbrich as a venue for expositions of the group. Their official magazine was called Ver Sacrum, which published highly stylised and influential works of graphic art. In 1905 the group itself split, when some of the most prominent members, including Klimt, Wagner, and Hoffmann, resigned in a dispute over priorities, but it continued to function, and still functions today, from its headquarters in the Secession Building. In its current form, the Secession exhibition gallery is independently led and managed by artists.
In art history, secession refers to a historic break between a group of avant-garde artists and conservative European standard-bearers of academic and official art in the late 19th and early 20th century. The name was first suggested by Georg Hirth (1841–1916), the editor and publisher of the influential German art magazine Jugend (Youth), which also went on to lend its name to the Jugendstil. His word choice emphasized the tumultuous rejection of legacy art while it was being reimagined.
Prince Ernst of Hohenberg was the second son of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his morganatic wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, who were assassinated at Sarajevo in 1914.
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Leopold Forstner was an artist who was part of the Viennese Secession movement, working in the Jugendstil style, focusing particularly on the mosaic as a form.
Ernst Stöhr was an Austrian painter, graphic artist, writer and amateur musician; one of the founding members of the Vienna Secession.
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Heinrich Rieger was an Austrian dentist whose art collection was one of the most important in Austrian modern art. Rieger and his wife were murdered in the Holocaust.
Franz von Zülow was an Austrian graphic artist and painter whose experimentation resulted in several new printing and design methods. He was a member of the Vienna Secession, the Wiener Werkstatte, and the Zinkerbach Artist Colony. He is the brother of the ceramicist Maria von Zülow and the father of the architect and painter Franz Joachim Zülow.
Friedrich Maximilian Welz was an Austrian art dealer and Nazi Party member investigated for art looting.
Felix Albrecht Harta was an Austrian expressionist painter, graphic artist, organizer, and teacher whose oeuvre consisted of portraits, nudes, landscapes, and still-lives, working in varied media.
Paul Mathias Padua was an Austrian-born German painter. He was committed to the tradition of the realist painter Wilhelm Leibl, which was highly valued by Adolf Hitler, and was very successful as an official artist at Nazi Germany.
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