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Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare and often fatal viral disease characterized by progressive damage (-pathy) or inflammation of the white matter (leuko-) of the brain (-encephalo-) at multiple locations (multifocal). It is caused by the JC virus, which is normally present and kept under control by the immune system. The JC virus is harmless except in cases of weakened immune systems. In general, PML has a mortality rate of 30–50% in the first few months, and those who survive can be left with varying degrees of neurological disabilities.
Human polyomavirus 2, commonly referred to as the JC virus or John Cunningham virus, is a type of human polyomavirus. It was identified by electron microscopy in 1965 by ZuRhein and Chou, and by Silverman and Rubinstein, and later isolated in culture and named using the two initials of a patient, John Cunningham, with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). The virus causes PML and other diseases only in cases of immunodeficiency, as in AIDS or during treatment with immunosuppressive drugs.
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References
- ↑ Berger, JR; Kaszovitz, B; Post, MJ; Dickinson, G (1987). "Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. A review of the literature with a report of sixteen cases". Annals of Internal Medicine. 107 (1): 78–87. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-107-1-78. PMID 3296901.
- ↑ Berger, JR; Houff, S (2006). "Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: Lessons from AIDS and natalizumab". Neurological Research. 28 (3): 299–305. doi:10.1179/016164106X98198. PMID 16687057. S2CID 6341466.
- ↑ Berger, Joseph (2003). "Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: Explaining the High Incidence and Disproportionate Frequency of the Illness Relative to Other Immunosuppressive Conditions". Journal of Neurovirology. 9 (2): 38–41. doi:10.1080/13550280390195261. PMID 12709870. S2CID 17171153.
- ↑ Berger, JR; Pall, L; Hall, CD; Simpson, DM; Berry, PS; Dudley, R (1996). "Oxandrolone in AIDS-wasting myopathy". AIDS. 10 (14): 1657–62. doi:10.1097/00002030-199612000-00010. PMID 8970686. S2CID 9832782.
- ↑ ISNV Pioneer
- ↑ "Distinguished Neurology Teacher Award | American Neurological Association (ANA)". myana.org. Retrieved 2022-01-07.
- ↑ "Sidney Kimmel Medical College Alumni Awards". www.jefferson.edu. Retrieved 2022-01-07.
- ↑ "CAMPUS LIFE: Miami; Endowed Chair Recalls Friend Who Had AIDS". The New York Times. 1992-02-09. ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 2022-01-07.
