Joseph Johnson | |
|---|---|
| Born | 2 April 1780 [1] Liverpool Lancashire |
| Died | 2 March 1827 |
| Nationality | British |
| Occupation | Horologist |
| Known for | Antique watches |
| Spouse(s) | Mary Bryers Born 14/04/1782 daughter of John Bryers and Margaret Blackburn on 24/03/1808 at St Anne’s Parish Richmond Liverpool Lancashire |
Joseph Johnson of Liverpool, England, was a highly respected and successful British master clock, watch and chronometer maker.
He was a nonconformist who was married to Mary Bryers [3] [4] and who worked in Liverpool from 1795 to about 1827. The earliest specific date (from the hallmark in the silver case) known for a watch of his is 1811. [5] He is known to have worked from a factory at 25 Church Street, although census records indicate that his residence was elsewhere in the same street (No. 26 and later (1841 census) No. 49); only No. 25 is named on the movements of his watches. [6] After his death, on 2 March 1827, his wife Mary, son Joseph Johnson and grandsons Joseph Johnson Cashen and Joseph Johnson Norris continued his work until at least 1857. [7] His watches are of high quality and were usually provided with precious metal cases, often in gold; these have often been lost in the course of time, so that many Johnson watches now survive only as uncased movements. Joseph Johnson had a preference for using fully jewelled watch movements. [6] He is credited with inventing several design improvements to the pocket watch and watch movement. His watches were commonly used on U.S. railroads, before the establishment of the U.S. watch industry. In 1816 the United States government chose a chronometer signed by Johnson, No. 508, for a presentation to Commodore Oliver H. Perry in recognition of his action against the British on Lake Erie.
A watchmaker is an artisan who makes and repairs watches. Since a majority of watches are now factory-made, most modern watchmakers only repair watches. However, originally they were master craftsmen who built watches, including all their parts, by hand. Modern watchmakers, when required to repair older watches, for which replacement parts may not be available, must have fabrication skills, and can typically manufacture replacements for many of the parts found in a watch. The term clockmaker refers to an equivalent occupation specializing in clocks.
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