Josephine Bunch | |
---|---|
Alma mater | Sheffield Hallam University |
Scientific career | |
Institutions | National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom) University of Sheffield |
Thesis | Detection and imaging of pharmaceutical compounds in skin by MALDI-MS (2005) |
Josephine Bunch is a fellow at the National Physical Laboratory. She is Chair of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry at Imperial College London and the Co-Director of the National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging.
Bunch completed a PhD sponsored by Pfizer at Sheffield Hallam University in 2005. [1] Her thesis, "Detection and imaging of pharmaceutical compounds in skin by MALDI-MS", used mass spectrometry. [2]
Bunch was a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Sheffield, where she was awarded an Enterprise Fellowship to commercialise imaging using mass spectrometry. [1] She joined the University of Birmingham, leading a large multi-disciplinary group using MALDI Mass spectrometry. [3] [4] She remains an honorary senior research fellow at the University of Birmingham. [5] She also holds a Chair in Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry at Imperial College London. [6]
She joined the National Physical Laboratory in 2013, where she became responsible for research in MALDI metrology. [4] [7] In 2017 Bunch was funded by Cancer Research UK's Grand Challenge to map tumours at a molecular and cellular level. [8] She came up with the idea when listening to a BBC Radio 4 program about the Cancer Research UK Grand Challenges. [9] The investment was worth £16 million, and uses mass spectrometry imaging techniques to study breast, bowel and pancreatic tumours in "unprecedented detail. [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] She spoke about the project at the Hay Festival and presented their project at the Royal Society Summer Exhibition. [15] [16] [17]
She is part of a COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) Action on mass spectrometry imaging. [18] [3]
Koichi Tanaka is a Japanese electrical engineer who shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2002 for developing a novel method for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules with John Bennett Fenn and Kurt Wüthrich.
In mass spectrometry, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is an ionization technique that uses a laser energy-absorbing matrix to create ions from large molecules with minimal fragmentation. It has been applied to the analysis of biomolecules and various organic molecules, which tend to be fragile and fragment when ionized by more conventional ionization methods. It is similar in character to electrospray ionization (ESI) in that both techniques are relatively soft ways of obtaining ions of large molecules in the gas phase, though MALDI typically produces far fewer multi-charged ions.
Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI) is a soft ionization method in mass spectrometry (MS) used for the analysis of protein mixtures. It is a variation of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). In MALDI, the sample is mixed with a matrix material and applied to a metal plate before irradiation by a laser, whereas in SELDI, proteins of interest in a sample become bound to a surface before MS analysis. The sample surface is a key component in the purification, desorption, and ionization of the sample. SELDI is typically used with time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometers and is used to detect proteins in tissue samples, blood, urine, or other clinical samples, however, SELDI technology can potentially be used in any application by simply modifying the sample surface.
MALDI mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) is the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization as a mass spectrometry imaging technique in which the sample, often a thin tissue section, is moved in two dimensions while the mass spectrum is recorded. Advantages, like measuring the distribution of a large amount of analytes at one time without destroying the sample, make it a useful method in tissue-based study.
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a technique used in mass spectrometry to visualize the spatial distribution of molecules, as biomarkers, metabolites, peptides or proteins by their molecular masses. After collecting a mass spectrum at one spot, the sample is moved to reach another region, and so on, until the entire sample is scanned. By choosing a peak in the resulting spectra that corresponds to the compound of interest, the MS data is used to map its distribution across the sample. This results in pictures of the spatially resolved distribution of a compound pixel by pixel. Each data set contains a veritable gallery of pictures because any peak in each spectrum can be spatially mapped. Despite the fact that MSI has been generally considered a qualitative method, the signal generated by this technique is proportional to the relative abundance of the analyte. Therefore, quantification is possible, when its challenges are overcome. Although widely used traditional methodologies like radiochemistry and immunohistochemistry achieve the same goal as MSI, they are limited in their abilities to analyze multiple samples at once, and can prove to be lacking if researchers do not have prior knowledge of the samples being studied. Most common ionization technologies in the field of MSI are DESI imaging, MALDI imaging, secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging and Nanoscale SIMS (NanoSIMS).
David E. Clemmer is an analytical chemist and the Distinguished Professor and Robert and Marjorie Mann Chair of Chemistry at Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana, where he leads the Clemmer Group. Clemmer develops new scientific instruments for ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMS/MS), including the first instrument for nested ion-mobility time-of-flight mass spectrometry. He has received a number of awards, including the Biemann Medal in 2006 "for his pioneering contributions to the integration of ion mobility separations with a variety of mass spectrometry technologies."
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An onkoknife, iKnife, or intelligent scalpel is a surgical knife that tests tissue as it contacts it during an operation and immediately gives information as to whether that tissue contains cancer cells. During a surgery this information is given continuously to the surgeon, significantly accelerating biological tissue analysis and enabling identification and removal of cancer cells. Electroknives have been in use since the 1920s and smart knife surgery is not limited only to cancer detection. In clinical studies the iKnife has shown impressive diagnostic accuracy - distinguishing benign ovarian tissue from cancerous tissue, breast tumour from normal breast tissue and recognises histological features of poor prognostic outcome in colorectal carcinoma. Furthermore, the technology behind iKnife - rapid evaporative ionisation mass spectrometry (REIMS) - can identify Candida yeasts down to species level.
The British Mass Spectrometry Society is a registered charity founded in 1964 that encourages participation in every aspect of mass spectrometry. It aims to encourage participation in all aspects of mass spectrometry on the widest basis, to promote knowledge and advancement in the field and to provide a forum for the exchange of views and information. It is committed to ensuring equal opportunities and reflecting the diversity of the society as a whole. The first foundations of the BMSS were laid in 1949 with the establishment of the Mass Spectrometry Panel by the Hydrocarbon Research Group.
Gary Glish is an American analytical chemist at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He is a leading researcher in the fields of mass spectrometry, ion chemistry, and biomolecule analysis.
Kristina Håkansson is an analytical chemist known for her contribution in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry for biomolecular identification and structural characterization. Currently, she holds the position of Professor of Chemistry at University of Michigan. Her research focuses on mass spectrometry, primarily identification and characterization of protein posttranslational modifications by complementary fragmentation techniques such as electron-capture dissociation (ECD)/negative ion ECD (niECD) and infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) at low (femtomole) levels.
Livia Schiavinato Eberlin is a Brazilian analytical chemist who won a MacArthur "Genius" Fellowship for her research on the use of mass spectrometry to detect cancerous tissue.
Peter Nemes is a Hungarian-American chemist, who is active in the fields of bioanalytical chemistry, mass spectrometry, cell/developmental biology, neuroscience, and biochemistry.
Vicki Wysocki is an American scientist. She is a professor and an Ohio Eminent Scholar at Ohio State University, and also the director of the Campus Chemical Instrument Center.
Milan Mrksich is an American chemist. He is the Henry Wade Rogers Professor at Northwestern University with appointments in chemistry, biomedical engineering and cell & developmental biology. He also serves as both the founding director of the center for Synthetic Biology and as an associate director of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center at Northwestern. Mrksich also serves as the Vice President for Research of Northwestern University.
Abraham Badu-Tawiah is a Ghanaian scientist who is an Associate Professor of Chemistry at the Ohio State University. His research considers the development of mass spectrometry for the detection of disease. In 2017 he was awarded the American Chemical Society Arthur F. Findeis prize and in 2020 a Sloan Research Fellowship.
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