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The Gospel of John is the fourth of the four canonical gospels in the New Testament. It contains a highly schematic account of the ministry of Jesus, with seven "signs" culminating in the raising of Lazarus and seven "I am" discourses culminating in Thomas' proclamation of the risen Jesus as "my Lord and my God". The gospel's concluding verses set out its purpose, "that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that believing you may have life in his name."
The oldest surviving Hebrew Bible manuscripts, the Dead Sea Scrolls, date to c. the 2nd century BCE. Some of these scrolls are presently stored at the Shrine of the Book in Jerusalem. The oldest text of the entire Bible, including the New Testament, is the Codex Sinaiticus dating from the 4th century CE, with its Old Testament a copy of a Greek translation known as the Septuagint. The oldest extant manuscripts of the vocalized Masoretic Text date to the 9th century CE. With the exception of a few biblical sections in the Nevi'im, virtually no biblical text is contemporaneous with the events it describes.
The Pauline epistles, also known as Epistles of Paul or Letters of Paul, are the thirteen books of the New Testament attributed to Paul the Apostle, although the authorship of some is in dispute. Among these epistles are some of the earliest extant Christian documents. They provide an insight into the beliefs and controversies of early Christianity. As part of the canon of the New Testament, they are foundational texts for both Christian theology and ethics.
John 3:16 is the sixteenth verse in the third chapter of the Gospel of John, one of the four gospels in the New Testament. It is deemed one of the most popular verses from the Bible and is a summary of one of Christianity's central doctrines; the relationship between the Father (God) and the Son of God (Jesus). Particularly famous among evangelical Protestants, the verse has been frequently referenced by the Christian media and figures. In the King James Version, it reads:
For God so loved the world, that He gave His only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in Him should not perish, but have everlasting life.
The Pauline epistles are the thirteen books in the New Testament traditionally attributed to Paul the Apostle.
Johannine literature is the collection of New Testament works that are traditionally attributed to John the Apostle, John the Evangelist, or to the Johannine community. They are usually dated to the period c. AD 60–110, with a minority of scholars such as John AT Robinson offering the earliest of these datings.
Richard John Bauckham is an English Anglican scholar in theology, historical theology and New Testament studies, specialising in New Testament Christology and the Gospel of John. He is a senior scholar at Ridley Hall, Cambridge.
An amanuensis is a person employed to write or type what another dictates or to copy what has been written by another. An amanuensis may also be a person who signs a document on behalf of another under the latter's authority.
Paul John Achtemeier was Herbert Worth and Annie H. Jackson Professor of Biblical Interpretation Emeritus at Union Theological Seminary in Virginia, now Union Presbyterian Seminary in Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lincoln, Nebraska in 1927.
Matthew Vellanickal is a New Testament scholar and a vicar general of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Changanassery.
Craig S. Keener is an American Protestant theologian, Biblical scholar and professor of New Testament at Asbury Theological Seminary.
Pheme Perkins is a Professor of Theology at Boston College, where she has been teaching since 1972. She is a nationally recognized expert on the Greco-Roman cultural setting of early Christianity, as well as the Pauline Epistles and Gnosticism.
John Painter, is an Australian academic, New Testament scholar, and Christian theologian specializing in Johannine literature. He is currently Professor of Theology at Charles Sturt University in Canberra.
By the end of the 20th century, the theological importance of the Holy Spirit in Johannine literature had been accepted by New Testament scholars, overshadowing the early 20th-century views that minimized its role in the writings of John.
Dorothy Ann Lee is an Australian theologian and Anglican priest, formerly dean of the Trinity College Theological School, Melbourne, a college of the University of Divinity, and continuing as Frank Woods Distinguished Professor of New Testament. Her main research interests include the narrative and theology of the Gospels, particularly the Gospel of John, spirituality in the New Testament, the Transfiguration and Anglican worship.
Daniel Isaac Block is a Canadian/American Old Testament scholar. He is Gunther H. Knoedler Professor Emeritus of Old Testament at Wheaton College.
Andrew T. Lincoln is a British New Testament scholar who serves as Emeritus Professor of New Testament at the University of Gloucestershire.
E. Elizabeth Johnson is an American New Testament scholar and the J. Davison Philips Professor of New Testament at Columbia Theological Seminary. She is widely known for her writings on the New Testament, specifically the Pauline Letters.
Beverly Roberts Gaventa is || Beverly Roberts Gaventa].</ref> Helen H.P. Manson Professor Emerita of New Testament Literature and Exegesis at Princeton Theological Seminary.
Jennifer A. Glancy is a scholar of New Testament and Early Christianity and The Rev. Kevin G. O’Connell, S.J., Distinguished Teaching Professor in the Humanities at Le Moyne College in Syracuse, NY. Her expertise lies in the cultural history of early Christianity, with a special emphasis on corporeality and Christian anthropology, women’s history in antiquity, gender theory, and comparative studies of slavery. Her book Slavery in Early Christianity (2002) was chosen as a History Book Club selection.
References
- ↑ Kvam, Kristen E.; Schearing, Linda S. (1999). Eve and Adam: Jewish, Christian, and Muslim Readings on Genesis and Gender. Indiana University Press. p. 444. ISBN 978-0253109033.
- ↑ Kartzow, Marianne Bjelland (2009). Gossip and Gender: Othering of Speech in the Pastoral Epistles. Walter de Gruyter. p. 118. ISBN 9783110215632.
- ↑ Roetzel, Calvin J.; Foster, Robert L. (2007). The Impartial God: Essays in Biblical Studies in Honor of Jouette M. Bassler. Sheffield Phoenix Press. ISBN 9781906055226.
- ↑ Bassler, Jouette M. (January 1982). Divine Impartiality: Paul and a Theological Axiom. ISBN 9780891304753 . Retrieved April 11, 2019.
- ↑ Bassler, Jouette M. (1991). God & Mammon: Asking for Money in the New Testament. ISBN 9780687149629 . Retrieved April 11, 2019.
- ↑ Bassler, Jouette M. (2011-09-01). 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, Titus. ISBN 9781426750403 . Retrieved April 11, 2019.
- ↑ Bassler, Jouette M. (2007-01-01). Navigating Paul: An Introduction to Key Theological Concepts. ISBN 9780664227418 . Retrieved April 11, 2019.
- ↑ Bassler, Jouette M.; Elizabeth Johnson, E. (2002). Paul's theology: whence and whither?. ISBN 9781589830530 . Retrieved April 11, 2019.
- ↑ Bassler, Jouette M. (1981). "The Galileans: A Neglected Factor in Johannine Community Research". The Catholic Biblical Quarterly. 43 (2): 243–257. JSTOR 43716034.
- ↑ Bassler, Jouette M. (1984). "Divine Impartiality in Paul's Letter to the Romans". Novum Testamentum. 26 (1): 43–58. doi:10.1163/156853684X00103. JSTOR 1560503.
- ↑ Bassler, Jouette M. (1984). "The Widows' Tale: A Fresh Look at 1 Tim 5:3-16". Journal of Biblical Literature. 103 (1): 23–41. doi:10.2307/3260312. JSTOR 3260312.
- ↑ Bassler, Jouette M. (1985). "Luke and Paul on Impartiality". Biblica. 66 (4): 546–552. JSTOR 42610975.
- ↑ Bassler, Jouette M. (1985). "Philo on Joseph: The Basic Coherence of "De Iosepho" and "De Somniis ii"". Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic, and Roman Period. 16 (2): 240–255. doi:10.1163/157006385X00357. JSTOR 24658040.
- ↑ Bassler, Jouette M. (1989). "Mixed Signals: Nicodemus in the Fourth Gospel". Journal of Biblical Literature. 108 (4): 635–646. doi:10.2307/3267184. JSTOR 3267184.
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