Ballot access are rules and procedures regulating the right to candidacy,the conditions under which a candidate,political party,or ballot measure is entitled to appear on voters' ballots in elections in the United States. The jurisprudence of the right to candidacy and right to create a political party are less clear than voting rights in the United States. However,the U.S. Supreme Court has established in multiple cases that the federal constitution does not recognize a fundamental right to candidacy,and that state governments have a legitimate government interest in blocking "frivolous or fraudulent candidacies". As election processes are decentralized by Article I,Section 4,of the United States Constitution,ballot access laws are established and enforced by the states. As a result,ballot access processes may vary from one state to another. State access requirements for candidates generally pertain to personal qualities of a candidate,such as:minimum age,residency,and citizenship. Additionally,many states require prospective candidates to collect a specified number of qualified voters' signatures on petitions of support and mandate the payment of filing fees before granting access;ballot measures are similarly regulated. Each state also regulates how political parties qualify for automatic ballot access,and how those minor parties that do not can. Fundamental to democracy,topics related to ballot access are the subject of considerable debate in the United States.
Robert William Ney is an American former politician who represented Ohio's 18th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1995 until his resignation on November 3,2006,after he pleaded guilty to charges of conspiracy and making false statements in relation to the Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal. Before he pleaded guilty,Ney was identified in the guilty pleas of Jack Abramoff,former Tom DeLay deputy chief of staff Tony Rudy,former DeLay press secretary Michael Scanlon and former Ney chief of staff Neil Volz for receiving lavish gifts in exchange for political favors.
John Kenneth Blackwell is an American politician,author,and conservative activist who served as the mayor of Cincinnati,Ohio (1979–1980),the Ohio State Treasurer (1994–1999),and Ohio Secretary of State (1999–2007). He was the Republican candidate for governor of Ohio in 2006,the first African-American major-party candidate for governor of Ohio. He is currently a Senior Fellow for Family Empowerment with The Family Research Council. He currently sits as Vice-President of the Executive Committee of the Council For National Policy and is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.
The 2006 United States Senate elections were held on November 7,2006,with all 33 Class 1 Senate seats being contested. The term of office for those elected in 2006 ran from January 3,2007,to January 3,2013. Before the election cycle,the Republican Party controlled 55 of the 100 Senate seats.
The 2008 United States Senate elections were held on November 4,2008,with 35 of the 100 seats in the Senate being contested. 33 seats were up for regular elections;the winners were eligible to serve 6-year terms from January 3,2009,to January 3,2015,as members of Class 2. There were also 2 special elections,the winners of those seats would finish the terms that ended on January 3,2013. The presidential election,which was won by Democrat Barack Obama,elections for all House of Representatives seats;elections for several gubernatorial elections;and many state and local elections occurred on the same date.
The 2006 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 7,2006. The incumbent Republican governor,Mitt Romney,chose not to seek a second term. Polls had been mixed prior to Romney's announcement,with one poll showing Romney slightly leading Democrat Attorney General Tom Reilly and other polls showing Reilly,who was then the Democratic frontrunner,in the lead.
United States gubernatorial elections were held on November 7,2006,in 36 states and two territories. The elections coincided with the midterm elections of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives.
The 2006 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on November 7,2006,and was a race for the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of Ohio. Incumbent Governor Bob Taft could not run for re-election,because Ohio governors are limited to two consecutive terms in office. The election was held concurrently with a U.S. Senate election. The general election for governor pitted Ohio Secretary of State Ken Blackwell,the Republican nominee,against United States Congressman Ted Strickland of Ohio's 6th congressional district,the Democratic nominee. Their running mates were former Ohio Attorney General Lee Fisher on the Democratic ticket and State Representative Tom Raga on the Republican ticket.
The 2006 United States Senate election in West Virginia was held November 7,2006. Incumbent Democrat Robert Byrd won re-election to a ninth term. He was sworn in on January 3,2007. However,he died in office on June 28,2010,before the end of his term. This was Byrd's closest re-election.
Betty D. Montgomery is an American politician from the state of Ohio. A Republican,she formerly served as Ohio State Auditor and is the first woman Ohio Attorney General.
James M. Petro is an American lawyer and politician of the Republican Party who served as the Attorney General of Ohio. Previously,Petro also served as Ohio State Auditor and he was a candidate for the Republican nomination for Governor of Ohio during the 2006 Ohio primaries,but lost to Ken Blackwell.
Zachary Thompson Space is an American lawyer and politician and the former U.S. Representative for Ohio's 18th congressional district,serving from 2007 until 2011. He is a member of the Democratic Party. After serving in Congress,Space became a lobbyist and was a principal for Vorys Advisors LLC,a subsidiary of the law firm Vorys,Sater,Seymour and Pease. He ran unsuccessfully for Ohio State Auditor in 2018,significantly outperforming other members of the ticket in Appalachian Ohio counties. He is currently serving as President of Sunday Creek Horizons,a lobbying and advocacy firm founded in 2019 that serves clients in eastern and southern Ohio.
The 18th congressional district of Ohio is an obsolete congressional district last represented by Republican Bob Gibbs. The district voted for the majority party in the House of Representatives in every election since 1954.
Richard Adams Cordray is an American lawyer and politician who is the outgoing COO of Federal Student Aid in the United States Department of Education. He served as the first director of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) from 2012 to 2017. Before that,Cordray variously served as Ohio's attorney general,solicitor general,and treasurer. He was the Democratic nominee for governor of Ohio in 2018. The Biden administration has announced Cordray's departure in June 2024 following a chaotic rollout of changes to the FAFSA student aid application form.
Jimmy Stewart is a Republican politician who served in the Ohio General Assembly. He served as a member of the Ohio House of Representatives from 2003 to 2008,and in the Ohio Senate from 2009 to 2011.
Sandra R. Williams is a former Democratic member of the Ohio Senate who served the 21st district from 2015 to 2022. She also formerly served in the Ohio House of Representatives from 2007 to 2014. Her district includes the eastern two-thirds of Cleveland,as well as the east-side suburbs of Bratenahl,Cleveland Heights,Garfield Heights,Newburgh Heights,Shaker Heights and University Heights.
The 2020 United States Senate elections were held on November 3,2020,with the 33 class 2 seats of the Senate contested in regular elections. Of these,21 were held by Republicans,and 12 by Democrats. The winners were elected to 6-year terms from January 3,2021,to January 3,2027. Two special elections for seats held by Republicans were also held in conjunction with the general elections:one in Arizona,to fill the vacancy created by John McCain's death in 2018;and one in Georgia,following Johnny Isakson's resignation in 2019. These elections ran concurrently with the 2020 United States presidential election in which incumbent president Donald Trump lost to Democratic nominee Joe Biden.
The Ohio general elections,2018,were held on November 6,2018,throughout Ohio.
United States gubernatorial elections were held on November 8,2022,in 36 states and three territories. As most governors serve four-year terms,the last regular gubernatorial elections for all but two of the seats took place in the 2018 U.S. gubernatorial elections. The gubernatorial elections took place concurrently with several other federal,state,and local elections,as part of the 2022 midterm elections.
The 2022 United States Senate election in Ohio was held on November 8,2022,to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of Ohio. Republican writer and venture capitalist JD Vance defeated Democratic U.S. Representative Tim Ryan to succeed retiring incumbent Republican Rob Portman.
