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Juan Perea Capulino (1890-1967) was a prominent Spanish soldier, who participated in the Spanish Civil War on the Republican side. Originally a private, he became a General and commanded the Eastern Army in the final phase of the war, an action for which he is most remembered.
Born in Santa Cruz de Tenerife, he joined the army at 16 as a private. At the age of 27 he became a lieutenant. He fought during the Rif War in Morocco, where he spent 15 years. Seriously injured, he requested to be transfered to the continent. He participated in the failed 1926 Sanjuanada plot to overthrow the dictator Miguel Primo de Rivera and was sentenced to six years in prison in Montjuïc Castle. Released in 1932, he retired from the army with the rank of captain.
After the Spanish coup of July 1936, he returned to service to defend the Second Spanish Republic. His first action took place in the Sierra de Guadarrama. In September, he fought at Lozoya where the losses on both sides were very high. He was promoted to Commander on 6 August 1936.
On 6 December 1936, he supported the troops of José María Galán in the Pozuelo de Alarcón sector. He did not participate in the Second Battle of the Corunna Road (13-19 December) because the XI International Brigade supported all attacks at Boadilla del Monte. On 31 December, he was appointed leader of the 5th Division, which defended the road to La Coruña, north of Madrid. The 5th Division took part in the Third Battle of the Corunna Road (2–16 January 1937), containing the enemy troops advancing towards Madrid, with heavy losses. In April 1936 he commanded the IV Corps until October 1937.
On 23 October 1937 he participated in the Battle of Teruel. He was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel for his brilliant performance at the head of the XXI Corps in the midst of the Republican disaster in Aragon.
On 30 March 1938 he left the leadership of the XXI Corps, to replace Sebastián Pozas Perea at the head of the Eastern Army , which was completely disorganized and in full disarray. He could not avoid losing Lérida in early April, but he put an end to the Nationalist offensive towards the Noguera Pallaresa river.
When the Nationalist Offensive against Catalonia was unleashed in December 1938, the units of his Army of the East showed great cohesion, but they finally had to give up their positions and undertake the withdrawal towards the north. On 15 January 1939, he was promoted to Colonel, and crossed the French border at the beginning of February with the remains of his troops and thousands of fleeing civilians.
After the end of the civil war he went into exile in Mexico in 1942, where he participated in anti-Franco organizations, trying to keep the spirit of the Republic alive. Promoted to General, he died of a heart attack in 1967, when he was in Algeria.
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Juan Guilloto León, usually referred to as Modesto or Juan Modesto, was a Republican army officer during the Spanish Civil War.
The Second Battle of the Corunna Road was a battle of the Spanish Civil War that took place from 13 December 1936 to 15 January 1937, northwest of Madrid. In December 1936, the Nationalists launched an offensive in order to cut the Corunna Road and isolate Madrid, but a Republican counter-offensive stopped the Nationalist advance. The Nationalists cut the Corunna road but failed to encircle Madrid.
José Miaja Menant was a General of the Second Spanish Republic.
The Spanish Republican Army was the main branch of the Armed Forces of the Second Spanish Republic between 1931 and 1939.
The Eastern Region Army Group, Spanish: Grupo de Ejércitos de la Región Oriental (GERO), was a military formation of the Spanish Republican Army during the last phase of the Spanish Civil War. It was established in June 1938 as a response to the splitting in two of the territory under the sovereignty of the Spanish Republic after the Central Region Army Group (GERC), under the command of General Miaja, had been set up in the central-southern region of Spain.
The 66th Mixed Brigade was a unit of the Popular Army of the Republic that participated in the Spanish Civil War. Born in the context of the Battle of Madrid, took part in the Battle of Jarama and the fronts of Guadalajara and Extremadura.(Spanish: 42.ª División) was a division of the Spanish Republican Army in the Spanish Civil War. This unit was involved in the Battle of Jarama —part of the Battle of Madrid, as well as in the Battle of Peñarroya, suffering grievous losses in both battles.
The Eastern Army, also translated as the Army of the East, was a unit of the Spanish Republican Army that operated in the eastern part of Spain during the Spanish Civil War. Republican forces deployed on the Aragon front of the war initially came under the command structure of the unit. Later in the Civil War, the unit operated in Catalonia, defending the Republican defensive line along the Segre river.
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The 94th Mixed Brigade was a unit of the Spanish Republican Army created during the Spanish Civil War. It came to operate on the Teruel, Aragon and Segre fronts.
The 116th Mixed Brigade was a unit of the Spanish Republican Army, integrated into the 25th Division, that participated in the Spanish Civil War.
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The X Army Corps was a military formation belonging to the Spanish Republican Army that fought during the Spanish Civil War. During the war it was deployed on the fronts of Aragon, Segre and Catalonia.
The XII Army Corps was a military formation belonging to the Spanish Republican Army that fought during the Spanish Civil War. Formed by veteran units, throughout the war it took part in prominent intervention in some of the main battles of the war, such as Aragon or the Ebro.
The 43rd Mixed Brigade was a unit of the Spanish Republican Army that took part in the Spanish Civil War. During the war it came to operate on the Madrid, Levante and Extremadura fronts.
