Judex | |
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![]() René Cresté as Judex. | |
Publication information | |
Created by | Louis Feuillade Arthur Bernède |
In-story information | |
Alter ego | Jacques de Trémeuse |
Notable aliases | M. Vallieres |
Abilities |
Judex (real name Jacques de Trémeuse) is a fictional French vigilante hero created by Louis Feuillade and Arthur Bernède for the 1916 silent film Judex . Judex (whose name is Latin for "judge") is a mysterious avenger who dresses in black and wears a slouch hat and cloak. He was possibly conceived as a heroic version of the criminal character Fantômas. (Feuillade had directed the popular 1913 serial Fantômas .) The character has since appeared in other films, in novels, on stage and in comic books. Judex appears to have been an inspiration for the American pulp hero The Shadow, who was himself an inspiration for Batman. [1]
Louis Feuillade had already made two earlier serials, Fantômas (1913) and Les Vampires (1915), which were popular with audiences, but drew criticism for glorifying criminals. This may have led Feuillade to want to do a heroic serial next. On May 16, 1916, novelist Arthur Bernède pitched Feuillade a concept for a 12-part cinematographic novel, which would be simultaneously serialized in text and film, with story revisions by Feuillade. [2] Judex was a heroic persona, but one who had all of the sinister trappings of the flamboyant villains who were popular at the time.
After his father committed suicide as a result of being ruined by the villainous banker Favraux, Jacques de Trémeuse adopted the guise of Judex and assembled an organization of ex-criminals and circus people to bring down Favraux and his lethal mistress Marie Verdier. He anticipated later pulp heroes and superheroes in many respects. He was a masterful fighter and an expert at disguise, and boasted a secret headquarters. In the subterranean passages beneath a ruined castle Judex had a base outfitted with technological gadgets. He also had a secret identity: "Judex" (the Latin word for judge) was merely a nom de guerre he had adopted in his quest for revenge. The story bore several similarities with The Count of Monte Cristo . [1]
While in the first serial, Judex acted solely out of personal revenge, the second one, Judex's New Mission, showed him acting as a vigilante and a defender of the innocent. [1]
The first text episode of Judex was published in the January 12, 1917, issue of Le Petit Parisien , a week before the film debut on January 19, 1917. [3] Each text episode was published before the corresponding film episode, which built up anticipation. The text episodes ran from January 12 to April 6, 1917, and the film episodes ran from January 19 to April 7, 1917. [2]
The international release of the serial was delayed until late 1917 in Europe, while a North American release did not occur until the National Film Theatre arranged a screening in February 1965. [4]
A sequel serial titled La Nouvelle Mission de Judex (lit. "New Mission Of Judex," or The Further Exploits Of Judex in Europe [5] ) ran in Le Petit Parisien from January 11 to April 4, 1918, and the film episodes ran from January 25 to April 15, 1918. [2]
A remake, also named Judex , was made in 1934, directed by Maurice Champreux, and starring René Ferté as Judex. Another remake, again named Judex , was filmed in 1963 by director Georges Franju. American magician Channing Pollock played the title role. [6]
Character | Film | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Judex (1916) | Judex's New Mission (1918) | Judex (1934) | Judex (1963) | ||
Judex/Jacques de Trémeuse | René Cresté | René Ferté | Channing Pollock | ||
Le banquier Favraux | Louis Leubas | Alexandre Mihalesco | Michel Vitold | ||
Jacqueline Favraux | Yvette Andréyor | Louise Lagrange | Édith Scob | ||
Alfred Cocantin | Marcel Lévesque | Marcel Vallée | Jacques Jouanneau | ||
Roger de Trémeuse | Édouard Mathé | Jean Lefebvre | |||
Le petit Jean | Olinda Mano | Jean Borelli | |||
Marie Verdier/Diana Monti | Musidora | Blanche Bernis | Francine Bergé | ||
Robert Moralés | Jean Devalde | Nino Constantini | Théo Sarapo | ||
Judex: Published in 1917, by Arthur Bernède and Louis Feuillade, based on the 1916 serial, and reissued in 1925 as Les Nouveaux Exploits de Judex (Judex's New Adventures). [7] Black Coat Press published an adaptation by Rick Lai in 2012.
Judex' New Mission: Published in 1919, by Arthur Bernède and Louis Feuillade, based on the 1918 serial, and reissued 1925 as La Dernière Incarnation de Judex (Judex's Last Incarnation). [7] Black Coat Press published an adaptation by Rick Lai in 2013, titled The Return of Judex.
In 2013, Black Coat Press published a new screenplay by Robert L. Robinson, Jr., of a new adaptation of the Judex character.
Shadowmen: Heroes and Villains of French Pulp Fiction: Published in 2003, by Jean-Marc Lofficier and Randy Lofficier, published by Black Coat Press is an encyclopedic guide to some of the most important characters from French Fiction, including Judex.
French comic magazine Hurrah! published by Editions Mondiales in June 1940 began a comic series of Judex, which was in actuality, a French translation of the American syndicated Shadow comic strip. [7]
As an homage, writer Matt Fraction featured Judex as a member of a team of European superheroes of the early 20th century, in a 2012 issue of The Defenders . [8] [9]
Gaston Louis Alfred Leroux was a French journalist and author of detective fiction.
Fantômas is a fictional character created by French writers Marcel Allain (1885–1969) and Pierre Souvestre (1874–1914).
Louis Feuillade was a French filmmaker of the silent era. Between 1906 and 1924, he directed over 630 films. He is primarily known for the crime serials Fantômas, Les Vampires and Judex made between 1913 and 1916.
Georges Franju was a French filmmaker. He was born in Fougères, Ille-et-Vilaine.
Judex is the title of a 1916 silent French film serial concerning the adventures of Judex, who is a pulp hero predating The Shadow, created by Louis Feuillade and Arthur Bernède.
Les Vampires is a 1915–1916 French silent crime serial film written and directed by Louis Feuillade. Set in Paris, it stars Édouard Mathé, Musidora and Marcel Lévesque. The main characters are a journalist and his friend who become involved in trying to uncover and stop a bizarre underground Apaches criminal gang, known as the Vampires. The serial consists of ten episodes, which vary greatly in length. Being roughly 7 hours long, it is considered one of the longest films ever made. It was produced and distributed by Feuillade's company Gaumont. Due to its stylistic similarities with Feuillade's other crime serials Fantômas and Judex, the three are often considered a trilogy.
Arthur Bernède was a French writer, poet, opera librettist, and playwright.
Jeanne Roques, known professionally as Musidora, was a French actress, film director, and writer. She is best known for her acting in silent films, and rose to public attention for roles in the Louis Feuillade serials Les Vampires as Irma Vep and in Judex as Marie Verdier.
Jean-Marc Lofficier is a French author of books about films and television programs, as well as numerous comics and translations of a number of animation screenplays. He usually collaborates with his wife, Randy Lofficier, and the reason why credits sometimes read "R. J. M. Lofficier", after the initials of both spouses.
"The Horla" is an 1887 short horror story written in the style of a journal by the French writer Guy de Maupassant, after an initial version published in the newspaper Gil Blas, October 26, 1886.
Tales of the Shadowmen is an American anthology of short fiction edited by Jean-Marc Lofficier and Randy Lofficier and published by Black Coat Press. The stories share the conceit of taking place in a fictional world where all of the characters and events from pulp fiction, and in particular French adventure literature, actually exist in the same universe.
Belphégor is a 1927 crime novel by French writer Arthur Bernède, about a "phantom" which haunts the Louvre Museum, in reality a masked villain trying to steal a hidden treasure.
Doctor Omega is a 1906 science fiction novel by French writer Arnould Galopin. Inspired by H. G. Wells's novels The War of the Worlds and The First Men in the Moon, it follows the adventures of the eponymous scientist Doctor Omega and his companions in the spacecraft Cosmos.
Fantômas is a French silent crime film serial directed by Louis Feuillade, based on the novel of the same name. The five episodes, initially released throughout 1913–14, were restored under the direction of Jacques Champreaux and released in this new form in 2006.
Renée Carl was a French actress of the silent era. She was born in Fontenay-le-Comte, Vendée, France, and died in Paris, France.
Yvette Andréyor was a French actress most popular in the era of silent film. She appeared in more than 100 films between 1910 and 1962.
Victorin-Hippolyte Jasset was an early film pioneer in France, active between the years 1905 and 1913. He worked on many genres of film and was particularly associated with the development of detective or crime serials, such as the Nick Carter and Zigomar series.
Judex is a 1963 French-language crime film remake of the 1916 French film serial of the same name concerning the adventures of pulp hero Judex. Directed by French filmmaker Georges Franju, the film stars Channing Pollock as Judex/Vallieres, Édith Scob as Jacqueline and Francine Bergé as Diana.
René Auguste Cresté was a French stage and film actor and director of the silent film era. Cresté is possibly best recalled as Judex, the title character in the Louis Feuillade-directed crime-adventure serial Judex, which ran in twelve installments in theaters from 1917 until 1918.
The théâtre de Cluny or théâtre Cluny was an entertainment venue located at 71 boulevard Saint-Germain in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, inaugurated in 1864 and closed in 1989.
In February, the National Film Theatre will present the first North American screening of Louis Feuillade's 1916 feature, Judex.