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Ural-Altaic, Uralo-Altaic, Uraltaic, or Turanic is a linguistic convergence zone and abandoned language-family proposal uniting the Uralic and the Altaic languages. It is now generally agreed that even the Altaic languages do not share a common descent: the similarities between Turkic, Mongolic and Tungusic are better explained by diffusion and borrowing. Just as in Altaic, the internal structure of the Uralic family has been debated since the family was first proposed. Doubts about the validity of most or all of the proposed higher-order Uralic branchings are becoming more common. The term continues to be used for the central Eurasian typological, grammatical and lexical convergence zone.
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The Mongolic languages are a language family spoken by the Mongolic peoples in Eastern Europe, Central Asia, North Asia and East Asia, mostly in Mongolia and surrounding areas and in Kalmykia and Buryatia. The best-known member of this language family, Mongolian, is the primary language of most of the residents of Mongolia and the Mongol residents of Inner Mongolia, with an estimated 5.7+ million speakers.
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Khamnigan is a Mongolic language spoken by the Hamnigan people east of Lake Baikal.
Para-Mongolic is a proposed group of languages that is considered to be an extinct sister branch of the Mongolic languages. Para-Mongolic contains certain historically attested extinct languages, among them Khitan and Tuyuhun.
Vladimir Mikhailovich Sangi is a Nivkh writer and publicist from Sakhalin, Russia. He writes in Nivkh and Russian.
The Ainu languages, sometimes known as Ainuic, are a small language family, often regarded as a language isolate, historically spoken by the Ainu people of northern Japan and neighboring islands, as well as mainland, including previously southern part of Kamchatka Peninsula.
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References
- ↑ "Janhunen, Juha, 1952–". Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 2 March 2023.
- ↑ Hyytiäinen, Tiina; Jalava, Lotta; Saarikivi, Janne; et al., eds. (2012). "Bibliography of the Publications of Juha Janhunen" (PDF). Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia. 264. ISBN 978-952-5667-34-9.
- ↑ "REVITALIZING NIVKH (SAKHALIN, RUSSIA): Project on revitalization of the Nivkh language on Sakhalin". Helsinki.fi. University of Helsinki. 2024. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
- ↑ Janhunen, Juha (1996). "Prolegomena to a comparative analysis of Mongolic and Tungusic". In Stary, Giovanni (ed.). Proceedings of the 38th Permanent International Altaistic Conference. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 209–218.
