Julian Kennedy | |
|---|---|
 Julian Kennedy, c. 1914 | |
| Born | March 15, 1852 |
| Died | May 28, 1932 (aged 80) |
| Burial place | Homewood Cemetery |
| Occupation(s) | Engineer and inventor |
| Spouse | Jennie E. Kennedy |
| Parent(s) | Thomas Walker Kennedy and Margaret (Trusdale) Kennedy |
Julian Kennedy (March 15, 1852 - May 28, 1932) was an American engineer and inventor, known for his national and international contributions to the steel industry. [1] He was awarded the ASME Medal in 1928.
Kennedy was born in Poland in 1852, the eldest of the seven sons of Thomas Walker Kennedy and Margaret (Trusdale) Kennedy. His father was a prominent constructive engineer, inventor, designer and builder of blast furnaces. [2]
After the Poland Seminary, he attended the Sheffield Scientific School, where he obtained his Bachelor of Philosophy in 1875. Later in 1900 he further obtained his MSc degree, and in 1909 his PhD from the Stevens Institute of Technology.[ citation needed ]
Kennedy started his career Morse Bridge of Henry G. Morse and his brother Charles James Morse. Kennedy was superintendent for the company from 1879 to 1883. [3] Afterwards he moved to the Carnegie Brothers and Company at Homestead, later Carnegie Brothers and Company, where he was General superintendent from 1885 to 1888.
For another two years he was chief engineer at Latrobe Steel Works in Ligonier, Pennsylvania, before settling as independent consulting engineer in 1890 in Pittsburgh. He consulted many of the major steel plant in the United States and Europe. As a steel consultant, Kennedy helped launch the Russia steel industry with the construction of the Nikopul' Providence Steel Mill in 1896. In 1907, Kennedy built the first Indian steel mill for Tata industries, earning the nickname, "Father of Asian Steel." As such, Kennedy was a major figure in the growth and success of steel in four of the World's top ten producers: India, USA, Russia, and Ukraine. [ citation needed ]
In 1904, Kennedy served as the president of the Pennsylvania women's suffrage group, the Allegheny County Equal Rights Association (ACERA). [4]
Kennedy married Jennie E. Breneman in 1878 and the couple had several children who were popular in social circles in Pittsburgh. [2] Jennie Kennedy was a clubwoman and a prominent suffragist in the Pittsburgh area. [5] [2] Their daughters, Lucy Kennedy Miller and Eliza Kennedy Smith, also both became prominent 20th-century American suffragists [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11]
Julian Kennedy died from a heart attack at his home in Pittsburgh on May 28, 1932. He was buried at Homewood Cemetery. [12]
Coke is a grey, hard, and porous coal-based fuel with a high carbon content and few impurities, made by heating coal or oil in the absence of air—a destructive distillation process. It is an important industrial product, used mainly in iron ore smelting, but also as a fuel in stoves and forges when air pollution is a concern.
Thomas Morrison Carnegie was a Scottish-born American industrialist. He was the brother of steel magnate Andrew Carnegie and co-founder of the Edgar Thomson Steel Works.
The Jones and Laughlin Steel Corporation, also known as J&L Steel or simply as J&L, was an American steel and iron manufacturer that operated from 1852 until 1968. Beginning as the American Iron Company, founded in 1852 by Bernard Lauth and Benjamin Franklin Jones, a few miles south of Pittsburgh along the Monongahela River. Lauth's interest was bought in 1854 by James Laughlin. The first firm to bear the name of Jones and Laughlin was organized in 1861, and headquartered at Third & Ross in downtown Pittsburgh.
Hot blast refers to the preheating of air blown into a blast furnace or other metallurgical process. As this considerably reduced the fuel consumed, hot blast was one of the most important technologies developed during the Industrial Revolution. Hot blast also allowed higher furnace temperatures, which increased the capacity of furnaces.
The Edgar Thomson Steel Works is a steel mill in the Pittsburgh area communities of Braddock and North Braddock, Pennsylvania. It has been active since 1875. It is currently owned by U.S. Steel and is known as Mon Valley Works – Edgar Thomson Plant.
Carrie Furnace is a former blast furnace located along the Monongahela River in the Pittsburgh area industrial town of Swissvale, Pennsylvania, and it had formed a part of the Homestead Steel Works. The Carrie Furnaces were built in 1884 and they operated until 1982. During its peak, the site produced 1,000 to 1,250 tons of iron per day. All that is left of the site are furnaces #6 and #7, which operated from 1907 to 1978, and its hot metal bridge. The furnaces, designated a National Historic Landmark in 2006, are among the only pre-World War II 20th century blast furnaces to survive.
The Ghost Town Trail is a rail trail in Western Pennsylvania that runs 36 miles (58 km) between Black Lick, Indiana County, and Ebensburg, Cambria County. Established in 1991 on the right-of-way of the former Ebensburg and Black Lick Railroad, the trail follows the Blacklick Creek and passes through many ghost towns that were abandoned in the early 1900s with the decline of the local coal mining industry. Open year-round to cycling, hiking, and cross-country skiing, the trail is designated a National Recreation Trail by the United States Department of the Interior.
Jennie Bradley Roessing was a leader in Pennsylvania's women's suffrage movement during the early 1900s. She was an active participant in the women's suffrage movement and various Pittsburgh-area organizations.
James Gayley was an American chemist and steel metallurgist who served as managing director of the Carnegie Steel Company, and as the first vice president of U.S. Steel from 1901 to 1908. He is credited with many inventions which greatly improved the fields of steel and iron making. For his contributions in the field of metallurgy, he was awarded the Elliott Cresson Medal in 1909, and the Perkin Medal in 1913.
Eugene Lawrence Messler was an American football player and coach and businessman. He played at the tackle position for Yale's 1891, 1892, and 1893 championship teams, coached the 1894 Centre football team, and was the player-coach on the Duquesne Country and Athletic Club professional football teams from 1895 to 1897. He was the general superintendent of Jones and Laughlin Steel Company's Pittsburgh coke ovens and blast furnaces from approximately 1899 to 1911 and the president of the Eureka Fire Brick Company for many years commencing in 1907.
Hannah Jane Patterson was an American suffragist and social activist. She was a key member of the women's suffrage movement in Pennsylvania and worked for the National American Woman Suffrage Association. During World War I Patterson was a member of the Woman's Committee of the Council of National Defense. For her service, she was awarded with a Distinguished Service Medal. Patterson graduated from Wilson College and studied at both Columbia University and the University of Pennsylvania.
This is a timeline of women's suffrage in Pennsylvania. Activists in the state began working towards women's rights in the early 1850s, when two women's rights conventions discussed women's suffrage. A statewide group, the Pennsylvania Woman Suffrage Association (PWSA), was formed in 1869. Other regional groups were formed throughout the state over the years. Suffragists in Pittsburgh created the "Pittsburgh Plan" in 1911. In 1915, a campaign to influence voters to support women's suffrage on the November 2 referendum took place. Despite these efforts, the referendum failed. On June 24, 1919, Pennsylvania became the seventh state to ratify the Nineteenth Amendment. Pennsylvania women voted for the first time on November 2, 1920.
Women's suffrage in Pennsylvania was an outgrowth of the abolitionist movement in the state. Early women's suffrage advocates in Pennsylvania not only wanted equal suffrage for white women, but for all African Americans. The first women's rights convention in the state was organized by Quakers and held in Chester County in 1852. Philadelphia would host the fifth National Women's Rights Convention in 1854. Later years saw suffragists forming a statewide group, the Pennsylvania Woman Suffrage Association (PWSA), and other smaller groups throughout the state. Early efforts moved slowly, but steadily, with suffragists raising awareness and winning endorsements from labor unions.
Jennie Eliza Kennedy was an American clubwoman and suffragist. Kennedy was one of the activists that helped create the "Pittsburgh Plan" as a women's suffrage strategy.
Lucy Kennedy Miller (1880–1962), also known as Mrs. John O. Miller, was a prominent 20th-century American suffragist who became the president of the Equal Franchise Federation of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and the first president of the Pennsylvania League of Women Voters (PLWV). In 1919, the League of Women Citizens of Pennsylvania called her "the woman to whom, more than to any other" was "owe[d] the triumph of" women's suffrage in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
Eliza Kennedy Smith, also known as Mrs. R. Templeton Smith, was a 20th-century American suffragist, civic activist, and government reformer in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Upon her death in 1964, The Pittsburgh Press described her as "a relentless, tenacious watchdog of the City's purse strings" who "probably attended more budget sessions over the years than anyone else in Pittsburgh either in or out of government".
Isabella Furnace was a collection of blast furnaces built in 1872 in Etna, Pennsylvania, across the Allegheny River from Pittsburgh.
Lucy Furnace was a pair of blast furnaces in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on the Allegheny River in Lawrenceville. The furnaces were part of the Carnegie Steel Company, with the first furnace erected in 1871 by brothers Andrew and Thomas M. Carnegie, Andrew Kloman and Henry Phipps Jr. This furnace was the first one built new by the Carnegies. In 1877 a second furnace, Lucy No. 2, was built at the same site.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
