Julian Radcliffe | |
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| Born | August 1948 (age 75) |
| Nationality | British |
| Education | Eton |
| Alma mater | New College, Oxford |
| Occupation | Businessman |
| Known for | Founder, chairman and majority shareholder, Art Loss Register |
Julian Guy Yonge Radcliffe OBE QVRM (born August 1948) is a British businessman, and the founder and chairman of the Art Loss Register (ALR).
He was educated at Eton, followed by New College, Oxford, from where he has a degree in politics and economics. [1] [2]
In 1970, Radcliffe joined Hogg Robinson, as a Lloyd's of London insurance broker. [2] He claims that in 1975, he was one of the co-founders of Control Risks, then a Hogg Robinson subsidiary, with Timothy Royle, an ex-Army officer. [2] [3] However, he does not appear in any company literature regarding the founding process and was likely just an early minority shareholder. [4] In 1990, he founded the Art Loss Register. ("ALR") [2]
Radcliffe is the majority shareholder in the Art Loss Register, with auction houses Sotheby's (a/k/a Oatshare Ltd.) owning about 11%, Christie's about 3%. [5] In 1991, The International Foundation for Art Research, based in New York City, NY (USA) helped create the Art Loss Register (ALR) as a commercial enterprise to expand and market the database. IFAR managed ALR's U.S. operations through 1997. In 1998 the ALR assumed full responsibility for the IFAR database although IFAR retains ownership [6]
In 2008, Radcliffe was heavily criticised for attempting to profit from Nazi-looted art claims after signing agreements with holocaust victims to provide services without charge. [7] On 20 September 2013 The New York Times reported that The Art Loss Register has drawn criticism from those who say its hardball tactics push ethical, and sometimes legal, boundaries. [8]
In 2013, Radcliffe said that the ALR has lost money for ten years, only surviving thanks to his own cash injections. [9] In 2014, The Times called him a "controversial figure". [1] The Times has reported that ALR has paid informers and underworld figures for information, which some in law enforcement believe could encourage theft. [10] In 2013, former LA Times reporter Jason Felch uncovered that Julian Radcliffe and the Art Loss Register issued certificates of clearance for looted objects for $100.00 each with no provenance to Subhash Kapoor and his gallery, Art of the Past. These certificates allowed the looted objects to trade in the marketplace despite having been stolen from Indian temples. [11] In 2017, the Art Loss Register was again criticised for issuing certificates of clearance for looted objects. [12]
In 2014, Radcliffe admitted publicly that he has paid money to criminals and that some of the funds paid went to people directly connected to thefts of stolen art. [13] Radcliffe has stated that the ALR has lost money for six years, only surviving thanks to his own cash injections. [14] [15] In an article published by the Times, Parisian police officer Thomas Erhardy stated that "Radcliffe ruins everything" commenting on his interference with police investigations into stolen art. [16]
In 2015, Radcliffe's Register was found to have been in the middle of several art related disputes. Their certificates of clearance were used by looters, possessors of stolen artworks, and Nazi-looted works that appeared for sale at TEFAF. The ALR issued clearance certificates for a Nazi looted El Greco and then denied that they knew about the work. An ALR spokesman corrected his statements to the press when confronted with this issue. [17]
As of 2016, the Art Loss Register claims to be the world's largest private database of lost and stolen art, with more than 300,000 items. [18]
The database has over 700,000 entries in 2022.
Radcliffe was awarded an OBE in 1999 and the QVRM in 2004 [2] for activities unrelated to his work at the Art Loss Register. Radcliffe refers to himself as "Col. Radcliffe" which refers to his stint in the volunteer reserve Territorial Army. [19]
Radcliffe lives in Battersea, London, [20] [21] and is the owner of Lower Stanway Farm near to Much Wenlock. [22] By 1840, Lower Stanway had become part of Sir Henry William Bayntun's Rushbury estate, and by 1909 the 293-acre property was in the ownership of the Webster family, who had previously been tenant farmers on the same land. Later it passed by marriage to Thomas Marsden, and the Marsden family owned it until 1973, when the Radcliffe family bought the farm. Lower Stanway itself is a large 19th-century brick house. [23]
Radcliffe's favourite painting is A Cornfield, 1815, by Peter De Wint, in the collection of the V&A, London. [24]
Christie's is a British auction house founded in 1766 by James Christie. Its main premises are on King Street, St James's in London, and it has additional salerooms in New York, Paris, Hong Kong, Milan, Amsterdam, Geneva, Shanghai, and Dubai. It is owned by Groupe Artémis, the holding company of François Pinault. In 2022 Christie's sold US$8.4 billion in art and luxury goods, an all-time high for any auction house. On 15 November 2017, the Salvator Mundi was sold at Christie's in New York for $450 million to Saudi Prince Badr bin Abdullah Al Saud, the highest price ever paid for a painting.
Art theft, sometimes called artnapping, is the stealing of paintings, sculptures, or other forms of visual art from galleries, museums or other public and private locations. Stolen art is often resold or used by criminals as collateral to secure loans. Only a small percentage of stolen art is recovered—an estimated 10%. Many nations operate police squads to investigate art theft and illegal trade in stolen art and antiquities.
The Montreal Museum of Fine Arts (MMFA) is an art museum in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is the largest art museum in Canada by gallery space. The museum is located on the historic Golden Square Mile stretch of Sherbrooke Street west.
Nazi plunder was organized stealing of art and other items which occurred as a result of the organized looting of European countries during the time of the Nazi Party in Germany.
Lost artworks are original pieces of art that credible sources indicate once existed but that cannot be accounted for in museums or private collections or are known to have been destroyed deliberately or accidentally or neglected through ignorance and lack of connoisseurship.
Robert KingWittman is a highly decorated former Federal Bureau of Investigation special agent who was assigned to the Philadelphia Field Division from 1988 to 2008. Having trained in art, antiques, jewelry and gem identification, Wittman served as the FBI's "top investigator and coordinator in cases involving art theft and art fraud". During his 20 years with the FBI, Wittman helped recover more than $300 million worth of stolen art and cultural property, resulting in the prosecution and conviction of numerous individuals.
Art theft and looting occurred on a massive scale during World War II. It originated with the policies of the Axis countries, primarily Nazi Germany and Japan, which systematically looted occupied territories. Near the end of the war the Soviet Union, in turn, began looting reclaimed and occupied territories. "The grand scale of looted artwork by the Nazis has resulted in the loss of many pieces being scattered across the world."
Portrait of a Young Man is a painting by Raphael. It is often thought to be a self-portrait. During the Second World War the painting was stolen by the Nazis from Poland. Many historians regard it as the most important painting missing since World War II.
The International Foundation for Art Research (IFAR) is a non-profit organization which was established to channel and coordinate scholarly and technical information about works of art. IFAR provides an administrative and legal framework within which experts can express their objective opinions. This data is made available to individuals, associations and government agencies.
The Art Loss Register (ALR) is the world's largest database of stolen art. A computerized international database that captures information about lost and stolen art, antiques, and collectibles, the ALR is a London-based, independent, for-profit corporate offspring of the New York–based, nonprofit International Foundation for Art Research (IFAR). The range of functions served by ALR has grown as the number of its listed items has increased. The database is used by collectors, the art trade, insurers, and law enforcement agencies worldwide. In 1991, IFAR helped create the ALR as a commercial enterprise to expand and market the database. IFAR managed ALR's U.S. operations through 1997. In 1998, the ALR assumed full responsibility for the IFAR database, although IFAR retains ownership. In 1992, the database comprised only 20,000 items, but it grew in size nearly tenfold during its first decade.
The Rembrandt Affair is a 2010 spy novel by Daniel Silva. It is the tenth in the Gabriel Allon series, based in the world of Israeli intelligence.
Rolf Nikolaus Cornelius Gurlitt was a German art collector. The son of Hildebrand Gurlitt, a Nazi-era dealer of looted art, Gurlitt was discovered to have concealed a stash of artworks known as the Gurlitt trove or Gurlitt Collection, several of which have been proven to have been looted from Jews by Nazis.
Subhash Kapoor is an Indian American art smuggler who was convicted for running a $100 million international smuggling racket. He was previously the owner of the Art of the Past gallery in Manhattan. His sister business, Nimbus Import/Exports, specialised in selling antiquities from across the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia to major museums around the world.
The Koordinierungsstelle für Kulturgutverluste, also known as the Koordinierungsstelle Magdeburg, is an institution of the German federal and state governments at the Saxony-Anhalt Ministry of Culture and is the central German institution for the documentation of lost and found cultural assets looted by the Nazis. Established in 2001, the Koordinierungsstelle's Lost Art Database documents and publishes lost and found reports by institutions and private individuals. It operates on a cooperative basis with the international Art Loss Register.
Art Recovery International is a private company that provides due diligence, dispute resolution and art recovery services to the international art market and cultural heritage institutions. It is headquartered in Venice, Italy.
The Sripuranthan Natarajan Idol, is a 900-year-old statue of Natarajan — the dancing Shiva — that was stolen from the ancient Brihadeeswarar temple of Sripuranthan, smuggled to the United States, and then sold to the National Gallery of Australia, Canberra with a false provenance, for US$5.1 million. The statue was consequently returned by Australia to the Indian government on ethical grounds, once questions were raised on due diligence not being followed during the acquisition.
Karl Mayländer was an Austrian art collector and businessman who was deported in 1941 from Vienna to Łódź, in German-occupied Poland, by the Nazis and later murdered in the Shoah.
Hugo Nathan (1861-1921) was a German Jewish banker and art collector.
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