Julie Bines

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Julie Bines is a clinician and researcher working in Melbourne, Australia. Alongside being a professor and deputy head of the Department of Paediatrics at the University of Melbourne, [1] she is also a paediatric gastroenterologist at the Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne [2] and is the leader of the Enteric Diseases group at the Murdoch Children's Research Institute. [3] Bines is the joint head of the WHO Collaborative Centre for Child Health [4] and founding member of Women in Global Health Australia. [5]

Contents

Career and research

Bines attended Monash University, graduating with a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) in 1982, later attaining her Doctorate of Medicine from the University of Melbourne in 1990. [6] She trained as a clinical and research fellow in Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition at Massachusetts General hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (1988–91) and a postdoctoral fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1989–91). [6] After travelling through Asia, Africa and Europe for 12 months during her residency at the Royal Children's Hospital, Bines became fixed on pediatrics with a focus on addressing the global disparity in healthcare. [1] Beyond her contributions to rotavirus research and vaccine development, Bines' recent research has expanded to investigate the impact of the COVID pandemic on women and children worldwide. [7]

Novel rotavirus vaccine development

Bines and her team developed a novel oral rotavirus vaccine (RV3-BB) as a global vaccine against infant rotavirus infection based on a naturally occurring and attenuated human strain of rotavirus originally isolated from healthy babies. [8] Clinical trials were carried out in Australia, New Zealand, Malawi and Indonesia, achieving 95% protection about severe rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis in the first year of life and up 75% protection in infants up to 18 months of age. [9] Most notably, this vaccine has been developed to improve efficacy and availability in developing countries by optimizing the delivery time and developing manufacturing processes to reduce production costs. [10]

Outreach

Bines has been involved in outreach campaigns to dispel myths and misinformation about vaccines, [11] as well as appearing on national radio to talk about her work. [12]

Awards and honours

Selected publications

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Herd immunity</span> Concept in epidemiology

Herd immunity is a form of indirect protection that applies only to contagious diseases. It occurs when a sufficient percentage of a population has become immune to an infection, whether through previous infections or vaccination, that the communicable pathogen cannot maintain itself in the population, its low incidence thereby reducing the likelihood of infection for individuals who lack immunity.

<i>Rotavirus</i> Specific genus of RNA viruses

Rotaviruses are the most common cause of diarrhoeal disease among infants and young children. Nearly every child in the world is infected with a rotavirus at least once by the age of five. Immunity develops with each infection, so subsequent infections are less severe. Adults are rarely affected. Rotavirus is a genus of double-stranded RNA viruses in the family Reoviridae. There are nine species of the genus, referred to as A, B, C, D, F, G, H, I and J. Rotavirus A is the most common species, and these rotaviruses cause more than 90% of rotavirus infections in humans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gastroenteritis</span> Inflammation of the stomach and small intestine

Gastroenteritis, also known as infectious diarrhea, is an inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract including the stomach and intestine. Symptoms may include diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Fever, lack of energy, and dehydration may also occur. This typically lasts less than two weeks. Although it is not related to influenza, in the U.S. and U.K., it is sometimes called the "stomach flu".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vaccine trial</span> Clinical trial

A vaccine trial is a clinical trial that aims at establishing the safety and efficacy of a vaccine prior to it being licensed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HPV vaccine</span> Class of vaccines against human papillomavirus

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are vaccines intended to provide acquired immunity against infection by certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV). The first HPV vaccine became available in 2006. Currently there are six licensed HPV vaccines: three bivalent, two quadrivalent, and one nonavalent vaccine All have excellent safety profiles and are highly efficacious, or have met immunobridging standards. All of them protect against HPV types 16 and 18, which are together responsible for approximately 70% of cervical cancer cases globally. The quadrivalent vaccines provide additional protection against HPV types 6 and 11. The nonavalent provides additional protection against HPV types 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58. It is estimated that HPV vaccines may prevent 70% of cervical cancer, 80% of anal cancer, 60% of vaginal cancer, 40% of vulvar cancer, and show more than 90% effectiveness in preventing HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers. They also protect against penile cancer. They additionally prevent genital warts, with the quadrivalent and nonavalent vaccines providing virtually complete protection. The WHO recommends a one or two-dose schedule for girls aged 9–14 years, the same for girls and women aged 15–20 years, and two doses with a 6-month interval for women older than 21 years. The vaccines provide protection for at least five to ten years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pneumococcal vaccine</span> Vaccine to prevent infection by the bacteria Stretococcus pneumoniae

Pneumococcal vaccines are vaccines against the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae. Their use can prevent some cases of pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis. There are two types of pneumococcal vaccines: conjugate vaccines and polysaccharide vaccines. They are given by injection either into a muscle or just under the skin.

Malaria vaccines are vaccines that prevent malaria, a mosquito-borne infectious disease which affected an estimated 249 million people globally in 85 malaria endemic countries and areas and caused 608,000 deaths in 2022. The first approved vaccine for malaria is RTS,S, known by the brand name Mosquirix. As of April 2023, the vaccine has been given to 1.5 million children living in areas with moderate-to-high malaria transmission. It requires at least three doses in infants by age 2, and a fourth dose extends the protection for another 1–2 years. The vaccine reduces hospital admissions from severe malaria by around 30%.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Immunization during pregnancy</span>

Immunization during pregnancy is the administration of a vaccine to a pregnant individual. This may be done either to protect the individual from disease or to induce an antibody response, such that the antibodies cross the placenta and provide passive immunity to the infant after birth. In many countries, including the US, Canada, UK, Australia and New Zealand, vaccination against influenza, COVID-19 and whooping cough is routinely offered during pregnancy.

An attenuated vaccine is a vaccine created by reducing the virulence of a pathogen, but still keeping it viable. Attenuation takes an infectious agent and alters it so that it becomes harmless or less virulent. These vaccines contrast to those produced by "killing" the pathogen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hepatitis B vaccine</span> Vaccine against hepatitis B

Hepatitis B vaccine is a vaccine that prevents hepatitis B. The first dose is recommended within 24 hours of birth with either two or three more doses given after that. This includes those with poor immune function such as from HIV/AIDS and those born premature. It is also recommended that health-care workers be vaccinated. In healthy people, routine immunization results in more than 95% of people being protected.

A vaccination policy is a health policy adopted in order to prevent the spread of infectious disease. These policies are generally put into place by state or local governments, but may also be set by private facilities, such as workplaces or schools. Many policies have been developed and implemented since vaccines were first made widely available.

The rotavirus vaccine is a vaccine used to protect against rotavirus infections, which are the leading cause of severe diarrhea among young children. The vaccines prevent 15–34% of severe diarrhea in the developing world and 37–96% of the risk of death among young children due to severe diarrhea. Immunizing babies decreases rates of disease among older people and those who have not been immunized.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ruth Bishop</span> Australian virologist (1933–2022)

Ruth Frances Bishop was an Australian virologist, who was a leading member of the team that discovered the human rotavirus.

Gagandeep Kang FRS is an Indian microbiologist and virologist who has been leading the work on enteric diseases, diarrheal infections and disease surveillance at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation since 2023.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vaccination in India</span>

Vaccination in India includes the use of vaccines in Indian public health and the place of vaccines in Indian society, policy, and research.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Convidecia</span> Vaccine against COVID-19

AD5-nCOV, trade-named Convidecia, is a single-dose viral vector vaccine for COVID-19 that is also used as an inhaled booster. It was developed by CanSino Biologics, with Phase III trials conducted in Argentina, Chile, Mexico, Pakistan, Russia, and Saudi Arabia with 40,000 participants.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shabir Madhi</span> South African physician and professor

Shabir Ahmed Madhi, is a South African physician who is professor of vaccinology and director of the South African Medical Research Council Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit at the University of the Witwatersrand, and National Research Foundation/Department of Science and Technology Research Chair in Vaccine Preventable Diseases. In January 2021, he was appointed Dean of the Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of the Witwatersrand.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Viral vector vaccine</span> Type of vaccine

A viral vector vaccine is a vaccine that uses a viral vector to deliver genetic material (DNA) that can be transcribed by the recipient's host cells as mRNA coding for a desired protein, or antigen, to elicit an immune response. As of April 2021, six viral vector vaccines, four COVID-19 vaccines and two Ebola vaccines, have been authorized for use in humans.

Helen Siobhan Marshall is an Australian medical researcher who is Professor of Vaccinology at the University of Adelaide. She was named the South Australian of the Year for 2022.

References

  1. 1 2 Cigognini B (2 December 2021). "Professor Julie Bines". Melbourne Medical School. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  2. ↑ "Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition : The team". www.rch.org.au. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  3. ↑ "Enteric Diseases - Murdoch Children's Research Institute". www.mcri.edu.au. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  4. ↑ "WHOCC - WHO Collaborating Centres". apps.who.int. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  5. ↑ "Steering Committee". Women in Global Health Australia. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  6. 1 2 "Professor Julie Bines | Murdoch Children's Research Institute". www.mcri.edu.au. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  7. ↑ "GLHAM National COVID Briefing - The knock-on effect: how the pandemic is uniquely impacting the health of women and girls". Australian Global Health Alliance. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  8. 1 2 At Thobari J, Damayanti W, Haposan JH, Nirwati H, Iskandar K, Fahmi J, et al. (July 2021). "Safety and immunogenicity of human neonatal RV3 rotavirus vaccine (Bio Farma) in adults, children, and neonates in Indonesia: Phase I Trial". Vaccine. 39 (33): 4651–4658. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.06.071 . PMID   34244006. S2CID   235787849.
  9. 1 2 Bines JE, Danchin M, Jackson P, Handley A, Watts E, Lee KJ, et al. (December 2015). "Safety and immunogenicity of RV3-BB human neonatal rotavirus vaccine administered at birth or in infancy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial". The Lancet. Infectious Diseases. 15 (12): 1389–1397. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00227-3. PMID   26318715.
  10. 1 2 Hamidi A, Hoeksema F, Velthof P, Lemckert A, Gillissen G, Luitjens A, et al. (April 2021). "Developing a manufacturing process to deliver a cost effective and stable liquid human rotavirus vaccine". Vaccine. 39 (15): 2048–2059. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.033. PMC   8062787 . PMID   33744044.
  11. ↑ Choahan N (2 October 2018). "The science of immunisation: Dispelling vaccination myths" . Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  12. ↑ "Rotavirus scientist among Eureka Prize finalists". ABC Radio National. 2 September 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  13. ↑ Vince C (2 September 2021). "Scientists pave the way for a brighter future in Research & Innovation category at 2021 Australian Museum Eureka Prizes". The Australian Museum. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  14. ↑ "Current AGA Fellows". American Gastroenterological Association. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  15. ↑ "Game changer through a new vaccine for Rotavirus". NHMRC. 24 May 2020. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  16. ↑ Thomas S, Donato CM, Covea S, Ratu FT, Jenney AW, Reyburn R, et al. (March 2021). "Genotype Diversity before and after the Introduction of a Rotavirus Vaccine into the National Immunisation Program in Fiji". Pathogens. 10 (3): 358. doi: 10.3390/pathogens10030358 . PMC   8002601 . PMID   33802966.
  17. ↑ Danchin MH, Bines JE, Watts E, Cowley D, Pavlic D, Lee KJ, et al. (April 2020). "Rotavirus specific maternal antibodies and immune response to RV3-BB rotavirus vaccine in central java and yogyakarta, Indonesia". Vaccine. 38 (16): 3235–3242. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.02.087. PMID   32160948. S2CID   212677834.
  18. ↑ Tosif S, Neeland MR, Sutton P, Licciardi PV, Sarkar S, Selva KJ, et al. (November 2020). "Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in three children of parents with symptomatic COVID-19". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5703. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.5703T. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19545-8. PMC   7658256 . PMID   33177504.
  19. ↑ Bines JE, Kirkwood CD (January 2015). "Conquering rotavirus: from discovery to global vaccine implementation". Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. 51 (1): 34–39. doi:10.1111/jpc.12815. PMID   25586843. S2CID   5492363.
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