Julie Bines

Last updated

Julie Bines (MBBS, MD, FRACP, AGAF), is a clinician and researcher working in Melbourne, Australia. Alongside being a professor and deputy head of the Department of Paediatrics at the University of Melbourne, [1] she is also a paediatric gastroenterologist at the Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne [2] and is the leader of the Enteric Diseases group at the Murdoch Children's Research Institute. [3] Bines is the joint head of the WHO Collaborative Centre for Child Health [4] and founding member of Women in Global Health Australia. [5]

Contents

Career and research

Bines attended Monash University, graduating with a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) in 1982, later attaining her Doctorate of Medicine from the University of Melbourne in 1990. [6] She trained as a clinical and research fellow in Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition at Massachusetts General hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (1988–91) and a postdoctoral fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1989–91). [6] After travelling through Asia, Africa and Europe for 12 months during her residency at the Royal Children's Hospital, Bines became fixed on pediatrics with a focus on addressing the global disparity in healthcare. [1] Beyond her contributions to rotavirus research and vaccine development, Bines' recent research has expanded to investigate the impact of the COVID pandemic on women and children worldwide. [7]

Novel rotavirus vaccine development

Bines and her team developed a novel oral rotavirus vaccine (RV3-BB) as a global vaccine against infant rotavirus infection based on a naturally occurring and attenuated human strain of rotavirus originally isolated from healthy babies. [8] Clinical trials were carried out in Australia, New Zealand, Malawi and Indonesia, achieving 95% protection about severe rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis in the first year of life and up 75% protection in infants up to 18 months of age. [9] Most notably, this vaccine has been developed to improve efficacy and availability in developing countries by optimizing the delivery time and developing manufacturing processes to reduce production costs. [10]

Outreach

Bines has been involved in outreach campaigns to dispel myths and misinformation about vaccines, [11] as well as appearing on national radio to talk about her work. [12]

Awards and honours

Selected publications

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vaccination</span> Administration of a vaccine to protect against disease

Vaccination is the administration of a vaccine to help the immune system develop immunity from a disease. Vaccines contain a microorganism or virus in a weakened, live or killed state, or proteins or toxins from the organism. In stimulating the body's adaptive immunity, they help prevent sickness from an infectious disease. When a sufficiently large percentage of a population has been vaccinated, herd immunity results. Herd immunity protects those who may be immunocompromised and cannot get a vaccine because even a weakened version would harm them. The effectiveness of vaccination has been widely studied and verified. Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases; widespread immunity due to vaccination is largely responsible for the worldwide eradication of smallpox and the elimination of diseases such as polio and tetanus from much of the world. However, some diseases, such as measles outbreaks in America, have seen rising cases due to relatively low vaccination rates in the 2010s – attributed, in part, to vaccine hesitancy. According to the World Health Organization, vaccination prevents 3.5–5 million deaths per year.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vaccine</span> Pathogen-derived preparation that provides acquired immunity to an infectious disease

A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious or malignant disease. The safety and effectiveness of vaccines has been widely studied and verified. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and recognize further and destroy any of the microorganisms associated with that agent that it may encounter in the future.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Herd immunity</span> Concept in epidemiology

Herd immunity is a form of indirect protection that applies only to contagious diseases. It occurs when a sufficient percentage of a population has become immune to an infection, whether through previous infections or vaccination, thereby reducing the likelihood of infection for individuals who lack immunity.

<i>Rotavirus</i> Specific genus of RNA viruses

Rotavirus is a genus of double-stranded RNA viruses in the family Reoviridae. Rotaviruses are the most common cause of diarrhoeal disease among infants and young children. Nearly every child in the world is infected with a rotavirus at least once by the age of five. Immunity develops with each infection, so subsequent infections are less severe. Adults are rarely affected. There are nine species of the genus, referred to as A, B, C, D, F, G, H, I and J. Rotavirus A, the most common species, causes more than 90% of rotavirus infections in humans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gastroenteritis</span> Inflammation of the stomach and small intestine

Gastroenteritis, also known as infectious diarrhea or simply as gastro, is an inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract including the stomach and intestine. Symptoms may include diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Fever, lack of energy, and dehydration may also occur. This typically lasts less than two weeks. Although it is not related to influenza, in the U.S. it is sometimes called the "stomach flu".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vaccine trial</span> Clinical trial

A vaccine trial is a clinical trial that aims at establishing the safety and efficacy of a vaccine prior to it being licensed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HPV vaccine</span> Class of vaccines against human papillomavirus

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are vaccines that prevent infection by certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV). Available HPV vaccines protect against either two, four, or nine types of HPV. All HPV vaccines protect against at least HPV types 16 and 18, which cause the greatest risk of cervical cancer. It is estimated that HPV vaccines may prevent 70% of cervical cancer, 80% of anal cancer, 60% of vaginal cancer, 40% of vulvar cancer, and show more than 90% efficacy in preventing HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers. They additionally prevent some genital warts, with the quadrivalent and nonavalent vaccines that protect against HPV types HPV-6 and HPV-11 providing greater protection.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pneumococcal vaccine</span> Vaccine to prevent infection by the bacteria Stretococcus pneumoniae

Pneumococcal vaccines are vaccines against the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae. Their use can prevent some cases of pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis. There are two types of pneumococcal vaccines: conjugate vaccines and polysaccharide vaccines. They are given by injection either into a muscle or just under the skin.

Immunization during pregnancy is the administration of a vaccine to a pregnant individual. This may be done either to protect the individual from disease or to induce an antibody response, such that the antibodies cross the placenta and provide passive immunity to the infant after birth. In many countries, including the US, Canada, UK, Australia and New Zealand, vaccination against influenza, COVID-19 and whooping cough is routinely offered during pregnancy.

An attenuated vaccine is a vaccine created by reducing the virulence of a pathogen, but still keeping it viable. Attenuation takes an infectious agent and alters it so that it becomes harmless or less virulent. These vaccines contrast to those produced by "killing" the pathogen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hepatitis B vaccine</span> Vaccine against hepatitis B

Hepatitis B vaccine is a vaccine that prevents hepatitis B. The first dose is recommended within 24 hours of birth with either two or three more doses given after that. This includes those with poor immune function such as from HIV/AIDS and those born premature. It is also recommended that health-care workers be vaccinated. In healthy people, routine immunization results in more than 95% of people being protected.

A vaccination policy is a health policy adopted in order to prevent the spread of infectious disease. These policies are generally put into place by State or local governments, but may also be set by private facilities, such as workplaces or schools. Many policies have been developed and implemented since vaccines were first made widely available.

The rotavirus vaccine is a vaccine used to protect against rotavirus infections, which are the leading cause of severe diarrhea among young children. The vaccines prevent 15–34% of severe diarrhea in the developing world and 37–96% of the risk of death among young children due to severe diarrhea. Immunizing babies decreases rates of disease among older people and those who have not been immunized.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ruth Bishop</span> Australian virologist (1933–2022)

Ruth Frances Bishop was an Australian virologist, who was a leading member of the team that discovered the human rotavirus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rotaviral gastroenteritis</span> Medical condition

Rotavirus gastroenteritis is a major cause of severe diarrhoea among infants and young children globally. It is caused by rotavirus, a genus of double-stranded RNA virus in the family Reoviridae. The diarrhea tends to be watery and is frequently accompanied by fever, vomiting and abdominal pain. By the age of five, nearly every child in the world has been infected with rotavirus at least once. However, with each infection, immunity develops, and subsequent infections are less severe; adults are rarely affected. There are five species of this virus, referred to as A, B, C, D, and E. Rotavirus A, the most common, causes more than 90% of infections in humans.

Dengue vaccine is a vaccine used to prevent dengue fever in humans. Development of dengue vaccines began in the 1920s, but was hindered by the need to create immunity against all four dengue serotypes. As of 2023, there are two commercially available vaccines, sold under the brand names Dengvaxia and Qdenga.

Gagandeep Kang FRS is an Indian microbiologist and virologist who is the Professor in the Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences at the Christian Medical College, Vellore, India and from August 2016 to July 2020 was executive director of the Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, an autonomous institute of the Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India. Her major research focus is on viral infections in children, and the testing of rotaviral vaccines. She also works on other enteric infections and their consequences when children are infected in early life, sanitation and water safety. She was awarded the prestigious Infosys Prize in Life Sciences in 2016 for her contributions to understanding the natural history of rotavirus and other infectious diseases. In 2019, she became the first Indian woman to be elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society. She was on the Life Sciences jury for the Infosys Prize in 2020.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shabir Madhi</span> South African physician and professor

Shabir Ahmed Madhi, is a South African physician who is professor of vaccinology and director of the South African Medical Research Council Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit at the University of the Witwatersrand, and National Research Foundation/Department of Science and Technology Research Chair in Vaccine Preventable Diseases. In January 2021, he was appointed Dean of the Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of the Witwateratand.

Helen Siobhan Marshall is an Australian medical researcher who is Professor of Vaccinology at the University of Adelaide. She was named the South Australian of the Year for 2022.

References

  1. 1 2 Cigognini B (2 December 2021). "Professor Julie Bines". Melbourne Medical School. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  2. ↑ "Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition : The team". www.rch.org.au. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  3. ↑ "Enteric Diseases - Murdoch Children's Research Institute". www.mcri.edu.au. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  4. ↑ "WHOCC - WHO Collaborating Centres". apps.who.int. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  5. ↑ "Steering Committee". Women in Global Health Australia. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  6. 1 2 "Professor Julie Bines | Murdoch Children's Research Institute". www.mcri.edu.au. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  7. ↑ "GLHAM National COVID Briefing - The knock-on effect: how the pandemic is uniquely impacting the health of women and girls". Australian Global Health Alliance. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  8. 1 2 At Thobari J, Damayanti W, Haposan JH, Nirwati H, Iskandar K, Fahmi J, et al. (July 2021). "Safety and immunogenicity of human neonatal RV3 rotavirus vaccine (Bio Farma) in adults, children, and neonates in Indonesia: Phase I Trial". Vaccine. 39 (33): 4651–4658. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.06.071 . PMID   34244006. S2CID   235787849.
  9. 1 2 Bines JE, Danchin M, Jackson P, Handley A, Watts E, Lee KJ, et al. (December 2015). "Safety and immunogenicity of RV3-BB human neonatal rotavirus vaccine administered at birth or in infancy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial". The Lancet. Infectious Diseases. 15 (12): 1389–1397. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00227-3. PMID   26318715.
  10. 1 2 Hamidi A, Hoeksema F, Velthof P, Lemckert A, Gillissen G, Luitjens A, et al. (April 2021). "Developing a manufacturing process to deliver a cost effective and stable liquid human rotavirus vaccine". Vaccine. 39 (15): 2048–2059. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.033. PMC   8062787 . PMID   33744044.
  11. ↑ Choahan N (2 October 2018). "The science of immunisation: Dispelling vaccination myths" . Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  12. ↑ "Rotavirus scientist among Eureka Prize finalists". ABC Radio National. 2 September 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  13. ↑ Vince C (2 September 2021). "Scientists pave the way for a brighter future in Research & Innovation category at 2021 Australian Museum Eureka Prizes". The Australian Museum. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  14. ↑ "Current AGA Fellows". American Gastroenterological Association. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  15. ↑ "Game changer through a new vaccine for Rotavirus | NHMRC". www.nhmrc.gov.au. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  16. ↑ Thomas S, Donato CM, Covea S, Ratu FT, Jenney AW, Reyburn R, et al. (March 2021). "Genotype Diversity before and after the Introduction of a Rotavirus Vaccine into the National Immunisation Program in Fiji". Pathogens. 10 (3): 358. doi: 10.3390/pathogens10030358 . PMC   8002601 . PMID   33802966.
  17. ↑ Danchin MH, Bines JE, Watts E, Cowley D, Pavlic D, Lee KJ, et al. (April 2020). "Rotavirus specific maternal antibodies and immune response to RV3-BB rotavirus vaccine in central java and yogyakarta, Indonesia". Vaccine. 38 (16): 3235–3242. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.02.087. PMID   32160948. S2CID   212677834.
  18. ↑ Tosif S, Neeland MR, Sutton P, Licciardi PV, Sarkar S, Selva KJ, et al. (November 2020). "Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in three children of parents with symptomatic COVID-19". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5703. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.5703T. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19545-8. PMC   7658256 . PMID   33177504.
  19. ↑ Bines JE, Kirkwood CD (January 2015). "Conquering rotavirus: from discovery to global vaccine implementation". Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. 51 (1): 34–39. doi:10.1111/jpc.12815. PMID   25586843. S2CID   5492363.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.