Jánský vrch

Jánský vrch
Jánský vrch
	Castle Jánský vrch, view from the castle gardens (ca. 1920)
General information
Architectural style	Renaissance, Baroque
Town or city	Javorník
Country	Czech Republic
Coordinates	50°23′23″N17°00′00″E / 50.3896°N 16.9999°E

Last updated April 13, 2019

Jánský vrch (German : Schloß Johannesberg) is a castle located in the Jeseník District, which lies in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. The castle stands on a hill above the town of Javorník (Jauernig in German) in the north-western edge of Czech Silesia, in area what was a part of the Duchy of Nysa. For most of its history the castle belonged to the Prince-bishops of Breslau (Wrocław) in Silesia.

German is a West Germanic language that is mainly spoken in Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official or co-official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, South Tyrol (Italy), the German-speaking Community of Belgium, and Liechtenstein. It is also one of the three official languages of Luxembourg and a co-official language in the Opole Voivodeship in Poland. The languages which are most similar to German are the other members of the West Germanic language branch: Afrikaans, Dutch, English, the Frisian languages, Low German/Low Saxon, Luxembourgish, and Yiddish. There are also strong similarities in vocabulary with Danish, Norwegian and Swedish, although those belong to the North Germanic group. German is the second most widely spoken Germanic language, after English.

Jeseník District District in Olomouc Region, Czech Republic

Jeseník District is a district (okres) in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. Its seat is the town Jeseník.

Olomouc Region is an administrative unit of the Czech Republic, located in the north-western and central part of its historical region of Moravia (Morava) and in a small part of the historical region of Czech Silesia. It is named for its capital Olomouc.

History

The castle is first mentioned in written sources in 1307, when it was still the property of the Princes of Świdnica. In 1348, Bolko II of Świdnica sold it to the Prince-bishop Preczlaus of Pogarell (1341–1376), and since that time, the castle belonged to Breslau bishops.

Świdnica is a city in south-western Poland in the region of Silesia. It has a population of 59,002 inhabitants according to 2014 figures. It lies in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, being the seventh largest town in that voivodeship. From 1975–98 it was in the former Wałbrzych Voivodeship. It is now the seat of Świdnica County, and also of the smaller district of Gmina Świdnica. Świdnica became part of the Wałbrzych agglomeration on 23 January 2014.

Bolko II the Small, was the last independent Duke of the Piast dynasty in Silesia. He was Duke of Świdnica from 1326, Duke of Jawor and Lwówek from 1346, Duke of Lusatia from 1364, Duke over half of Brzeg and Oława from 1358, Duke of Siewierz from 1359, and Duke over half of Głogów and Ścinawa from 1361.

Przecław of Pogarell was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and Bishop of Wrocław from 1342-1376.

During the 15th century, the castle was considerably damaged by the Hussites and therefore large-scale repairs were needed. The rebuilding of the castle took place under the rule of Bishop Jan IV Roth, at the end of the 15th century, and it was completed in 1509 by his successor – Prince-bishop John V Thurzó (1506–1520). At that time, the castle was also renamed as Johannesberg ("John's Hill"), to honor the patron of the Bishops of Breslau, John the Baptist.

Johann Roth was Bishop of Lavant from 1468 to 1482 and Prince-Bishop of Wrocław (Breslau) from 1482 until his death. He was known as a brilliant speaker, humanist and supporter of the arts and learning.

John V Thurzó was a 15th-century Bishop of Wrocław, Poland. A great patron and lover of the arts and Sciences, Luther called him "the greatest bishop of the century".

John the Baptist was a Jewish itinerant preacher in the early first century AD. Other titles for John include John the Forerunner in Eastern Christianity and "the prophet John (Yaḥyā)" in Islam. To clarify the meaning of "Baptist", he is sometimes alternatively called John the Baptizer.

The original fortified castle was later rebuilt in the Baroque style under the rule of Philipp Gotthard von Schaffgotsch (1716–1795), who made it his primary residence. During this time, Johannesberg castle and the town Javorník also became the cultural center of Upper Silesia. Among the most famous personalities living there, was August Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf, renowned Viennese composer and violinist.

The Baroque is a highly ornate and often extravagant style of architecture, music, painting, sculpture and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th until the mid-18th century. It followed the Renaissance style and preceded the Rococo and Neoclassical styles. It was encouraged by the Catholic Church as a means to counter the simplicity and austerity of Protestant architecture, art and music, though Lutheran Baroque art developed in parts of Europe as well. The Baroque style used contrast, movement, exuberant detail, deep colour, grandeur and surprise to achieve a sense of awe. The style began at the start of the 17th century in Rome, then spread rapidly to France, northern Italy, Spain and Portugal, then to Austria and southern Germany. By the 1730s, it had evolved into an even more flamboyant style, called rocaille or Rococo, which appeared in France and central Europe until the mid to late 18th century.

Count Philipp Gotthard von Schaffgotsch was a German Prince-Bishop of Breslau and an important promoter of music.

Javorník or Javorník u Jeseníku or Javorník ve Slezsku,, is a town in the Jeseník District of the Olomouc Region, Javorník Hook, Czech Republic. From 1938 to 1945 it was one of the municipalities in Sudetenland. It has about 2,900 inhabitants.

Following the death of Prince-Bishop Philipp Gotthard von Schaffgotsch, the castle was once again rebuilt as a summer residence by Bishop Joseph Christian Reichsfürst von Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein. It remained an important centre of cultural life in the region until the beginning of the 20th century.

In 1959, the castle Jánský Vrch was loaned to the State and recovered by the Czechoslovak government in 1984, following a property agreement between the Polish and Czechoslovak Catholic archdioceses. It is now under the administration of the National Monument Institute in Olomouc and since 1 January 2002, it is on the list of Czech national cultural monuments.

Czechoslovakia, or Czecho-Slovakia, was a sovereign state in Central Europe that existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until its peaceful dissolution into the Czech Republic and Slovakia on 1 January 1993.

Gallery

Jánský vrch as seen from town square of Javorník
Jánský vrch
Jánský vrch
Relief of Bishop Johannes Thurzo

Related Research Articles

The Duke of Silesia was the sons and descendants of the Polish Duke Bolesław III Wrymouth. In accordance with the last will and testament of Bolesław, upon his death his lands were divided into four or five hereditary provinces distributed among his sons, and a royal province of Kraków reserved for the eldest, who was to be High Duke of all Poland. This was known as the fragmentation of Poland. Subsequent developments lead to further splintering of the duchies.

Austrian Silesia, officially the Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia, was an autonomous region of the Kingdom of Bohemia and the Habsburg Monarchy. It is largely coterminous with the present-day region of Czech Silesia and was, historically, part of the larger Silesia region.

Adolf Cardinal Bertram was archbishop of Breslau and a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.

Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Wrocław archdiocese

The Archdiocese of Wrocław is a Latin Rite archdiocese of the Catholic Church named after its capital Wrocław in Poland. From its founding as a bishopric in 1000 until 1821, it was under the Archbishopric of Gniezno in Greater Poland. From 1821 to 1930 it was subjected directly to the Apostolic See. Between 1821 and 1972 it was officially known as (Arch)Diocese of Breslau.

Hraničky is a settlement located in the Rychlebské Hory in the north-eastern part of Moravia in the Czech Republic, a territory historically known as Sudetenland.

Nové Vilémovice is a small village located in the Rychlebské Hory in the north-eastern part of Moravia in the Czech Republic, a territory historically known as Sudetenland. In the past, the village also administered two nearby settlements Hraničky and Červený Důl and today is a part of the village Uhelná.

Melchior, Freiherr von Diepenbrock was a German Catholic Prince-Bishop of Breslau and Cardinal.

The Diocese of Görlitz is a diocese of the Roman Catholic church in Germany. The current ordinary is Wolfgang Ipolt

Bernartice or Bernartice u Javorníku is a village in the Jeseník District of the Olomouc Region in the Czech Republic. As of 2005 the settlement had 925 inhabitants.

Bílý Potok is a small village located in the foothills of Rychlebské Hory in the Olomouc Region, Czech Republic. The village still administers the nearby settlement Chlum and today is a part of the town of Javorník.

The Schaffgotsch family is one of the oldest noble Silesian families extant, dating back to the thirteenth century.

Horní Hoštice is a small village located in the foothills of Rychlebské Hory in the Olomouc Region in Czech Republic. Today, the village is a part of town Javorník.

Travná or Krutvald is a small village located in Rychlebské Hory in the Olomouc Region, in the northeastern part of the Czech Republic. Today, the village is part of the town of Javorník. The population was 53 according to the 2001 census.

Zálesí or Valdek is a small village located in Rychlebské Hory in the Olomouc Region in northeastern part of the Czech Republic. In the past, the village administered the no-longer existing settlement Waldoro and today is a part of the town Javorník. The population was 20 according to 2001 census.

Bílá Voda is a village and municipality (obec) in Jeseník District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. The municipality covers an area of 14.98 square kilometres (5.78 sq mi), and has a population of 282.

Heinrich Förster (1800-1881) was a German Roman Catholic bishop who was deposed during the Kulturkampf in Germany.

References

Gernot, Ludwig and Wolf, Kurt. Jauernig und das Jauerniger Ländchen. Das 2. Heimatbuch des ehemaligen Gerichtsbezirkes Jauernig, 1995.
Hosák, Ladislav. Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, 1967, Profil Ostrava.
Kuča, Karel. Města a městečka v Čechách, na Moravě a ve Slezsku II. díl, 1997, Libri Praha.
Pachl, Hans. Jauernig und das Jauerniger Ländchen. Ein Heimatbuch des ehemaligen Gerichtsbezirks Jauernig, 1983.

External links

Media related to Jánský Vrch at Wikimedia Commons

Official web-site

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.