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The All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam is an Indian regional political party with great influence in the state of Tamil Nadu and the union territory of Puducherry. It is a Dravidian party founded by the former chief minister of Tamil Nadu M. G. Ramachandran (M.G.R.) at Madurai on 17 October 1972 as a breakaway faction from the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam after M. Karunanidhi expelled him from the party for demanding an account as the party treasurer. The party is adhering to the policies of socialism and secularism based on the principles of C. N. Annadurai (Anna) collectively coined as Annaism by M.G.R. The party has won a seven-time majority in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly and has emerged as the most successful political outfit in the state's history. It is currently the main opposition party in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly.
Maruthur Gopalan Ramachandran,popularly known by his initials M.G.R.,was an Indian actor,politician,and philanthropist who served as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu from 1977 until his death in 1987. He was the founder and first general secretary of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. On 19 March 1988,Ramachandran was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna,India's highest civilian honour. Ramachandran is regarded as one of the most influential politicians of post-independence India. Apart from politics,as a film personality he won the National Film Award,two Tamil Nadu State Film Awards and two Filmfare Award South.
Muthuvel Karunanidhi was an Indian writer and politician who served as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for almost two decades over five terms between 1969 and 2011. He is popularly referred to as Kalaignar (Artist) and Mutthamizh Arignar for his contributions to Tamil literature. He had the longest intermittent tenure as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu with 6,863 days in office. He was also a long-standing leader of the Dravidian movement and ten-time president of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam political party. Karunanidhi has the record of never losing an election to the Tamil Nadu Assembly,having won 13 times since his first victory in 1957. Before entering politics,he worked in the Tamil film industry as a screenwriter. He also made contributions to Tamil literature,having written stories,plays,novels,and a multiple-volume memoir. Karunanidhi died on 7 August 2018 at Kauvery Hospital in Chennai after a series of prolonged,age-related illnesses.
Minjur Bhakthavatsalam was an Indian independence activist and politician who served as the chief minister of Madras State from 2 October 1963 to 6 March 1967. He was the last Congress chief minister of Tamil Nadu and the last to have taken part in the Indian independence movement.
Politics of Tamil Nadu is the politics related to the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
Subburaman Thirunavukkarasar is an Indian politician. He was the State President of Tamil Nadu Congress Committee till 2 February 2019 and former secretary of the All India Congress Committee (AICC) of the Indian National Congress (INC) party. His introduction to politics in 1977 was facilitated by former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu,M. G. Ramachandran. Ramachandran founded the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) in 1972 and was facing his first elections for the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election in 1977. He identified Thirunavukkarasar,a lawyer by profession,to contest the Aranthangi assembly constituency. Thirunavukkarasar won the seat,aged 27,and was elected as the Deputy Speaker of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly. He continued in that capacity till 1980. Subsequently,he served as Tamil Nadu state minister from 1980 to 1987 in the MGR cabinet,holding portfolios that included Industries,Housing Board,Excise and Handlooms. Later,he became a member of the Lok Sabha –the lower house of the Parliament of India –when he won the erstwhile Pudukottai Lok Sabha constituency. He served as Union Minister of state for shipping and later for telecommunications and information technology.
K. Ponmudi is an Indian politician and the Minister for Higher Education of Tamil Nadu,who was disqualified in 2023 after the Madras High Court convicted him in the disproportionate assets case. He was the Minister for Higher Education of Tamil Nadu from 2006 to 2011. He was born in T. Edaiyar in the Villupuram district. He has a bachelor's degree in law,a master's degree in history,political science and public Administration and a doctorate in political science. He is an alumnus of Annamalai University. Before entering professional politics,he was a professor in the Villupuram government college. He has been elected to the Tamil Nadu assembly five times. From 1989 to 1991 during Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam rule he was the Minister for Health,and from 1996 to 2001 he was the Minister for Transport and Highways. He authored a book titled Dravidian Movement in India and Black Movement in the U.S.A.
P. Kakkan or fondly known as Kakkan,was an Indian politician and freedom fighter who served as a member of the Constituent Assembly of India,Member of Parliament,President of the Tamil Nadu Congress Committee and in various ministerial posts in Congress governments in the erstwhile Madras state between 1957 and 1967.
The eighth legislative assembly election for Tamil Nadu was held on 24 December 1984. All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) won the election and its general secretary,incumbent M. G. Ramachandran (M.G.R) was sworn in as Chief Minister,for the third time. The election victory was mainly attributed to the sympathy wave created by Indira Gandhi's assassination and M.G.R's illness coupled with Rajiv Gandhi's popularity. This is the last election M.G.R contested as he died in office in 1987. This is also the only General Election which M. Karunanidhi did not contest since 1957 until his death. As of 2023,this is the last election where the ruling party gained seats.
The fifth legislative assembly election of Tamil Nadu was held in March 1971. Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam was re-elected,after its first victory under the leadership of C N Annadurai in 1967. This was the first time M. Karunanidhi,contested as the leader of DMK party won the election,since he assumed Chief Ministership for the first time,after the death of C N Annadurai. Karunanidhi had emerged successfully in the leadership crisis (having supported by M. G. Ramachandran,against Nedunchezhiyan,which ensued after the death of C. N. Annadurai. The main opposition party in the election was Indian National Congress led by K. Kamaraj,whereas the Indian National Congress faction aligned with Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam.
The fourth legislative assembly election of Madras State was held in February 1967. The Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) led coalition under the leadership of C.N. Annadurai won the election defeating the Indian National Congress (Congress). Anti-Hindi agitations,the rising prices of essential commodities,and a shortage of rice were the dominant issues. K. Kamaraj's resignation as the Chief Minister in 1963,to concentrate on party affairs,along with persistent rumors of corruption had weakened the incumbent Congress Government. This was the second time after Communist Party of India winning Kerala assembly elections in 1957,for a non-Congress party to gain the majority in a state in India,and the last time that Congress held power in Tamil Nadu. It was the first time a party or pre-election alliance formed a non-Congress government with an absolute majority. It marked the beginning of Dravidian dominance in the politics of Tamil Nadu. Annadurai,who became the first non-Congress chief minister of post-independence Tamil Nadu,died in office in 1969 and V.R. Nedunchezhiyan took over as acting chief minister.
Si. Balasubramania Athithan 27 September 1905 –24 May 1981),popularly called"Adithanar",was an Indian lawyer,politician,minister and founder of the Tamil daily newspaper Dina Thanthi. He was the founder of the We Tamils party. He served as a member of the Madras Legislative Council for two terms and as a member of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly for four terms. He was the Speaker of the Assembly during 1967–68 and Tamil Nadu's minister for Cooperation in the M. Karunanidhi cabinets of 1969 and 1971. In his memory,two Tamil literary awards were created and are awarded annually by his son,Sivanthi Adithanar.
K. A. Mathiazhagan was an Indian politician and co-founder of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK). He served as the Finance Minister,Minister of Food,Revenue and Commercial Taxes in the Tamil Nadu government and Speaker of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly.
K. Rajaram was an Indian politician of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) and later,All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) and Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He served as the Speaker of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from 1980 to 1985.
S. Jagathrakshakan is an Indian Tamil businessman and politician. He did his matriculation at Valudavur. He is a member of Lok Sabha of India from Arakkonam constituency of Tamil Nadu and has been elected from this constituency thrice since 1999. He was the minister of state for commerce and industry from November 2012 to March 2013. He is also the chairman of Shree Balaji Medical College and Hospital. He is the owner of Dr. Rela Hospital and Institute. He has authored 30 books,one of which was released by Mother Teresa.
Aladi Aruna (alias) V Arunachalam was an Indian politician. He was the Law Minister of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as a member of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam from Alangulam constituency in the 1967,1971 and 1996 elections. He was elected to the Lok Sabha,the lower house of India's Parliament,from Tirunelveli constituency in the 1977 elections. He was also a member of the Rajya Sabha,the upper house of India's Parliament,as a member of the Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. He came into the limelight when he issued a dissent note in the JPC report on the Bofors Scandal against a clean chit to Rajiv Gandhi government. He was hacked to death in 2004.
S. Natarajan Udayar was an Indian politician and 3 time DMK MLA from Thanjavur Constituency. A close friend and supporter of Periyar E.V. Ramaswamy,he was an early member of Dravidar Kazhagam. His association with Aringar C N Annadurai made him part ways with E.V.R. politically and join Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) as one of the earliest and founding members of DMK.
Panruti S. Ramachandran is an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu.
Nanjil K. Manoharan was an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was Tamil Nadu's minister of Finance during 1977–1980 and minister of Revenue during 1996–2000.
References
- ↑ 1967 Tamil Nadu Election Results, Election Commission of India
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