Kahn-Tineta Horn | |
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Kahn-Tineta ("she makes the grass wave"), or Kahentinetha | |
![]() Kahn-Tineta Horn in 1963. | |
Mohawk leader | |
Personal details | |
Born | 16 April 1940 84) New York City | (age
Children | 4, including Waneek Horn-Miller and Kaniehtiio Horn [1] [2] |
Kahn-Tineta Horn (born 16 April 1940, New York City) is a Mohawk political activist, civil servant, and former fashion model. [3] [4] Since 1972, she has held various positions in the social, community and educational development policy sections of the Canadian federal Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development. [5] She is a member of the Mohawk Bear Clan of Kahnawake. [6]
Horn and her daughters were notable participants in the 1990 Oka Crisis. [7] [8] Her daughter, Waneek Horn-Miller (born 1975), was stabbed in the chest by a soldier's bayonet while holding her younger sister, Kaniehtiio, then aged 4; a photograph of the incident, published on the front page of newspapers, symbolized the standoff between Mohawks and the Canadian government. [9] Waneek became a broadcaster, and co-captain of Canada's first women's national water polo team at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. [10] Kaniehtiio is now a film and television actress. [11] Her eldest daughter, Dr. Ojistoh Horn, is a traditionally minded family medicine physician in Akwesasne.
In the 1960s and early 1970s, Kahn-Tineta Horn became widely known for her criticisms of anti-native racism and government policy regarding First Nations peoples, and for her advocacy of native separatism. She was involved in the 1962 Conference on Indian Poverty in Washington D.C., the blocking of the International Bridge at Akwesasne in 1968, and other indigenous rights campaigns. [12]
Kahn-Tineta caught the attention of the media in 1964, when she was "deposed as a Director of the National Indian Council, and as Indian Princess of Canada." [13] By 1972, her separatist views had appeared in the pages of The Harvard Crimson and The New Yorker, [14] [15] [16] and she had been interviewed by The Webster Reports of KVOS-TV, a Bellingham, Washington station which broadcasts to Vancouver, British Columbia. [17]
Kahn-Tineta Horn has appeared in two short films, Artisans de notre histoire, Volume 2: Les Explorateurs (1995) and David Thompson: The Great Mapmaker (1964). [18] She has served as publisher of the Mohawk Nation News. [19] She has served as Director of the Canadian Alliance in Solidarity with Native Peoples and coordinator of the Free Wolverine Campaign. [20]
In 2002, she gave a speech at the "You Are on Native Land Conference" at McGill University titled, How Canada violated the BNA Act to Steal Native Land: The Forgotten Arguments of Deskaheh. [21]
In 2006, Kahn-Tineta Horn was one of two women who submitted a "notice of seizure" to the developers of the Melancthon Wind Farm near Shelburne, Ontario on behalf of the Haudenosaunee, [22] and taught a history class at Concordia University in Montreal. [23]
In 2008, at age 68, she suffered a heart attack while "handcuffed in a police stress hold" at the Cornwall/Akwesasne border crossing. [24] [25] [26]
St. Regis Mohawk Reservation is a Mohawk Indian reservation of the federally recognized tribe the Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe, located in Franklin County, New York, United States. It is also known by its Mohawk name, Akwesasne. The population was 3,288 at the 2010 census. The reservation is adjacent to the Akwesasne reserve in Ontario and Quebec across the St. Lawrence River. The Mohawk consider the entire community to be one unit and have the right to travel freely across the international border.
The Kanien'kehá:ka are in the easternmost section of the Haudenosaunee, or Iroquois Confederacy. They are an Iroquoian-speaking Indigenous people of North America, with communities in southeastern Canada and northern New York State, primarily around Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River. As one of the five original members of the Iroquois League, the Mohawk are known as the Keepers of the Eastern Door – the traditional guardians of the Iroquois Confederation against invasions from the east. The Mohawk are federally recognized in the United States as the Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe.
The Oka Crisis, also known as the Kanehsatà:ke Resistance ,, or Mohawk Crisis, was a land dispute between a group of Mohawk people and the town of Oka, Quebec, Canada, which began on July 11, 1990, and lasted 78 days until September 26, with two fatalities. The dispute was the first well-publicized violent conflict between First Nations and provincial governments in the late 20th century.
The Kahnawake Mohawk Territory is a First Nations reserve of the Mohawks of Kahnawá:ke on the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River in Quebec, Canada, across from Montreal. Established by French Canadians in 1719 as a Jesuit mission, it has also been known as Seigneury Sault du St-Louis, and Caughnawaga. There are 17 European spelling variations of the Mohawk Kahnawake.
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The Mohawk Nation at Akwesasne is a Mohawk Nation (Kanienʼkehá:ka) territory that straddles the intersection of international borders and provincial boundaries on both banks of the St. Lawrence River. Although divided by an international border, the residents consider themselves to be one community. They maintain separate police forces due to jurisdictional issues and national laws.
Cornwall Island is an island in the Saint Lawrence River, directly south of the city of Cornwall. The island is located completely within Canada, but it is also part of the Akwesasne Mohawk reserve, which straddles the Canada–United States border and the Quebec–Ontario border. The Seaway International Bridge, with a channel crossing on each side of the island, provides road access to Cornwall Island from both Canada and the United States.
Tracey Penelope Tekahentakwa Deer is a screenwriter, film director and newspaper publisher based in Kahnawake, Quebec. Deer has written and directed several award-winning documentaries for Rezolution Pictures, an Aboriginal-run film and television production company. In 2008, she was the first Mohawk woman to win a Gemini Award, for her documentary Club Native. Her TV series Mohawk Girls had five seasons from 2014 to 2017. She also founded her own production company for independent short work.
The Iroquois or Haudenosaunee passport is an important form of identification, cultural agency and an "expression of sovereignty" used by the nationals of the Six Nations. Many First Nations persons find it offensive or even racist to be forced to carry or use a Canadian or American passport or other Westphalian system based tokens of sovereignty that does not reflect who they are.
The Mohawk Nation reserve of Kahnawake, south of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, includes residents with surnames of Mohawk, French, Scots and English ancestry, reflecting its multicultural history. This included the adoption of European children into the community, as well as intermarriage with local colonial settlers over the life of the early village. Located along the St. Lawrence River south of the city of Montréal on the shores of the St-Louis rapids, it dates to 1667 as a Jesuit settlement called Mission Saint-François-Xavier du Sault-Saint-Louis. The original mission was located in what is now La Prairie and was called Kentake by its first Oneida settlers.
Kaniehtiio Alexandra Jessie Horn, sometimes credited as Tiio Horn, is a Canadian actress. She was nominated for a Gemini Award for her role in the television film Moccasin Flats: Redemption and she has appeared in the films The Trotsky, Leslie, My Name Is Evil, and The Wild Hunt, as well as the streaming television horror series Hemlock Grove and the sitcoms 18 to Life, Letterkenny and Reservation Dogs.
Waneek Horn-Miller is a Canadian water polo player from the Kahnawake Mohawk Territory. She was a member of the Canadian women's water polo team that won a gold medal at the 1999 Pan American Games in Winnipeg. Horn-Miller also became the first Mohawk woman from Canada to ever compete in the Olympic games. In 2019, she was awarded the Order of Sport, marking her induction into Canada's Sports Hall of Fame in the athlete category.
Ellen Gabriel, also known as Katsi'tsakwas, is a Mohawk activist and artist from Kanehsatà:ke Nation – Turtle Clan, known for her involvement as the official spokesperson, chosen by the People of the Longhouse, during the Oka Crisis.
Sherrill Elizabeth Tekatsitsiakawa “Katsi”Cook is a Mohawk Native American midwife, environmentalist, Native American rights activist, and women's health advocate. She is best known for her environmental justice and reproductive health research in her home community, the Mohawk Nation at Akwesasne in upstate New York.
Tammy Beauvais is an Indigenous fashion designer from Kahnawake Mohawk Territory in Quebec, Canada. She left Kahnawake in 1990 following the Oka Crisis. In 1999 Beauvais launched Tammy Beauvais Designs a North American Indigenous Fashion company which produces contemporary, authentically Indigenous made clothing that honors Indigenous spirituality and traditions.
Mary Two-Axe Earley was a Mohawk and Oneida women's rights activist from the reserve of Kahnawake in Quebec, Canada. After losing her legal Indian status due to marrying a non-status man, Two-Axe Earley advocated for changes to the Indian Act, which had promoted gender discrimination and stripped First Nations women of the right to participate in the political and cultural life of their home reserves.
Mary Kawennatakie Adams was a Canadian Mohawk First Nations textile artist and basket maker.
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Kiawenti:io Tarbell, known mononymously as Kiawentiio, is a Canadian First Nations (Mohawk) actress and singer-songwriter. She made her television debut in the third season of the CBC series Anne with an E (2019) and her film debut in Beans (2020). She currently stars as Katara in the Netflix live-action remake of Avatar: The Last Airbender (2024).